Are You What You Eat or What Your Mother Ate or Both?
A high-fat high-sugar (HF-HS) diet promotes cancer development and progression. However, does the timing of diet matter? This is an important question with profound public health relevance. By exposing mice to a HF-HS diet either through feeding to a pregnant mother or nursing mother or after weaning and then chemically inducing breast cancer, the authors found the most crucial time for breast cancer risk was after weaning, while a HF-HS in utero diet actually slowed tumor development. Understanding early-life events provides valuable insight for later life events and proves it is never too early to start preventing diseas...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - October 1, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Freedland, S. J. Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Multiparametric Detection of Antibodies against Different EBV Antigens to Predict Risk for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in a High-Risk Population of China
In this study, we aimed to use the combined detection of multiple antibodies against Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) antigens to develop a model for screening and diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Samples of 300 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients and 494 controls, including 294 healthy subjects (HC), 99 non-nasopharyngeal carcinoma cancer patients (NNPC), and 101 patients with benign nasopharyngeal lesions (BNL), were incubated with the EUROLINE Anti-EBV Profile 2, and band intensities were used to establish a risk prediction model. The nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk probability analysis based on the panel of VCAgp...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - August 31, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Chen, H., Chen, S., Lu, J., Wang, X., Li, J., Li, L., Fu, J., Scheper, T., Meyer, W., Peng, Y.-H., Liu, W. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Inclusion of a Genetic Risk Score into a Validated Risk Prediction Model for Colorectal Cancer in Japanese Men Improves Performance
We examined the association between 36 risk variants identified by GWAS and colorectal cancer risk using a weighted Cox proportional hazards model in a nested case–control study within the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. GRS was constructed using six variants associated with risk in this study of the 36 tested. We assessed three models: a nongenetic model that included the same variables used in our previously validated model; a genetic model that used GRS; and an inclusive model, which included both. The c-statistic, integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and net reclassification improvemen...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - August 31, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Iwasaki, M., Tanaka-Mizuno, S., Kuchiba, A., Yamaji, T., Sawada, N., Goto, A., Shimazu, T., Sasazuki, S., Wang, H., Marchand, L. L., Tsugane, S., for the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study (JPHC Study) Group Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Circulating RANKL and RANKL/OPG and Breast Cancer Risk by ER and PR Subtype: Results from the EPIC Cohort
This study included 1,976 incident invasive breast cancer cases [estrogen receptor positive (ER+), n = 1,598], matched 1:1 to controls. Women were pre- or postmenopausal at blood collection. Serum sRANKL was quantified using an ELISA, serum OPG using an electrochemiluminescent assay. Risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using conditional logistic regression. Associations between sRANKL and breast cancer risk differed by tumor hormone receptor status (Phet = 0.05). Higher concentrations of sRANKL were positively associated with risk of ER+ breast cancer [5th vs. 1st quintile RR 1.28 (95% CI...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - August 31, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Sarink, D., Schock, H., Johnson, T., Overvad, K., Holm, M., Tjonneland, A., Boutron-Ruault, M.-C., His, M., Kvaskoff, M., Boeing, H., Lagiou, P., Papatesta, E.-M., Trichopoulou, A., Palli, D., Pala, V., Mattiello, A., Tumino, R., Sacerdote, C., Bueno-de-M Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Identification of a Human Airway Epithelial Cell Subpopulation with Altered Biophysical, Molecular, and Metastatic Properties
In this study, we identified and selected a subpopulation of highly migratory premalignant airway epithelial cells that were observed to migrate through microscale constrictions at up to 100-fold the rate of the unselected immortalized epithelial cell lines. This enhanced migratory capacity was found to be Rac1-dependent and heritable, as evidenced by maintenance of the phenotype through multiple cell divisions continuing more than 8 weeks after selection. The morphology of this lung epithelial subpopulation was characterized by increased cell protrusion intensity. In a murine model of micrometastatic seeding and pulmonary...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - August 31, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Pagano, P. C., Tran, L. M., Bendris, N., O'Byrne, S., Tse, H. T., Sharma, S., Hoech, J. W., Park, S. J., Liclican, E. L., Jing, Z., Li, R., Krysan, K., Paul, M. K., Fontebasso, Y., Larsen, J. E., Hakimi, S., Seki, A., Fishbein, M. C., Gimzewski, J. K., Ca Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
High Level of Tobacco Carcinogen-Derived DNA Damage in Oral Cells Is an Independent Predictor of Oral/Head and Neck Cancer Risk in Smokers
In this study, we further investigated the tobacco constituent exposures in the same smokers to better understand the potential causes for the elevated oral DNA damage in smokers with HNSCC. Subjects included cigarette smokers with HNSCC (cases, n = 30) and cancer-free smokers (controls, n = 35). At recruitment, tobacco/alcohol use questionnaires were completed, and urine and oral cell samples were obtained. Analysis of urinary 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and N'-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN; TSNA biomarkers), 1-hydroxypyrene (1-HOP, a PAH), cotinine, 3'-hydroxycotinine, and the nicotine metabolite ratio...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - August 31, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Khariwala, S. S., Ma, B., Ruszczak, C., Carmella, S. G., Lindgren, B., Hatsukami, D. K., Hecht, S. S., Stepanov, I. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Signals from the Adipose Microenvironment and the Obesity-Cancer Link--A Systematic Review
We report here a systematic review on the direct "crosstalk" between adipose tissue and carcinomas in humans. We identified 4,641 articles with n = 20 human clinical studies, which are summarized as: (i) breast (n = 7); (ii) colorectal (n = 4); (iii) esophageal (n = 2); (iv) esophageal/colorectal (n = 1); (v) endometrial (n = 1); (vi) prostate (n = 4); and (vii) ear-nose-throat (ENT) cancer (n = 1). Findings from these clinical studies reinforce preclinical data and suggest organ-dependent crosstalk between adipose tissue and carcinomas via VEGF, IL6, TNFα, and other mechanisms. Moreover, visceral white adipose tissu...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - August 31, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Himbert, C., Delphan, M., Scherer, D., Bowers, L. W., Hursting, S., Ulrich, C. M. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Airway Basal Cell Heterogeneity and Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Basal cells are stem/progenitor cells that maintain airway homeostasis, enact repair following epithelial injury, and are a candidate cell-of-origin for lung squamous cell carcinoma. Heterogeneity of basal cells is recognized in terms of gene expression and differentiation capacity. In this Issue, Pagano and colleagues isolate a subset of immortalized basal cells that are characterized by high motility, suggesting that they might also be heterogeneous in their biophysical properties. Motility-selected cells displayed an increased ability to colonize the lung in vivo. The possible implications of these findings are discusse...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - August 31, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Hynds, R. E., Janes, S. M. Tags: Editorials Source Type: research
When the Damage Is Done: Selecting Patients for Head and Neck Cancer Chemoprevention Trials
(Source: Cancer Prevention Research)
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - August 31, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Johnson, D. E., Bauman, J. E. Tags: Editorials Source Type: research
Diet and Exercise and Serum Markers of Oxidative Stress--Response
(Source: Cancer Prevention Research)
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - August 1, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Duggan, C., Gross, M. D., McTiernan, A. Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research
Diet and Exercise and Serum Markers of Oxidative Stress--Letter
(Source: Cancer Prevention Research)
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - August 1, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Tsikas, D., Eigendorf, J. Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research
The Effects of Physical Activity and Body Fat Mass on Colorectal Polyp Recurrence in Patients with Previous Colorectal Cancer
In conclusion, exercising for at least 1 hour/week and low body fat mass were found to be related to lower rates of colorectal polyp recurrence in the surveillance of colorectal cancer survivors. Cancer Prev Res; 10(8); 478–84. ©2017 AACR. (Source: Cancer Prevention Research)
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - August 1, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Park, J., Kim, J. H., Lee, H. J., Park, S. J., Hong, S. P., Cheon, J. H., Kim, W. H., Park, J. S., Jeon, J. Y., Kim, T. I. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Piperlongumine Induces Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Dependent Downregulation of Specificity Protein Transcription Factors
Piperlongumine is a natural product found in the plant species Piper longum, and this compound exhibits potent anticancer activity in multiple tumor types and has been characterized as an inducer of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Treatment of Panc1 and L3.6pL pancreatic, A549 lung, 786-O kidney, and SKBR3 breast cancer cell lines with 5 to 15 μmol/L piperlongumine inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis and ROS, and these responses were attenuated after cotreatment with the antioxidant glutathione. Piperlongumine also downregulated expression of Sp1, Sp3, Sp4, and several pro-oncogenic Sp-regulated genes, inc...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - August 1, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Karki, K., Hedrick, E., Kasiappan, R., Jin, U.-H., Safe, S. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Intermittent Dosing with Sulindac Provides Effective Colorectal Cancer Chemoprevention in the Azoxymethane-Treated Mouse Model
In this study, alternative dosing regimens of sulindac were evaluated for their chemoprevention effectiveness in the azoxymethane-treated A/J mouse model of colorectal cancer. High-resolution endoscopic optical coherence tomography was utilized to time-serially measure tumor number and tumor burden in the distal colon as the biological endpoints. Four treatment groups were studied: (i) daily for 20 weeks (sulindac-daily); (ii) for 2 weeks, then no sulindac for 2 weeks, cycle repeated 5 times (sulindac-2); (iii) for 10 weeks ("on"), then no sulindac for 10 weeks ("off"; sulindac-10); and (iv) no sulindac (sulindac-none). Su...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - August 1, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Chandra, S., Nymeyer, A. C., Rice, P. F., Gerner, E. W., Barton, J. K. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Unmetabolized Folic Acid, Tetrahydrofolate, and Colorectal Adenoma Risk
In conclusion, during the later follow-up period in which folic acid supplementation was previously seen to increase the risk of advanced and multiple adenomas, higher serum mF was associated with a higher risk of multiple and/or advanced adenomas, but no clear indication that UFA played a direct role. There were indications that higher mF was associated with reduced risk of serrated polyps. Cancer Prev Res; 10(8); 451–8. ©2017 AACR. (Source: Cancer Prevention Research)
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - August 1, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Rees, J. R., Morris, C. B., Peacock, J. L., Ueland, P. M., Barry, E. L., McKeown-Eyssen, G. E., Figueiredo, J. C., Snover, D. C., Baron, J. A. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
