Risk Prediction Models for Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in Europe and the United States. Survival is strongly related to stage at diagnosis and population-based screening reduces colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. Stratifying the population by risk offers the potential to improve the efficiency of screening. In this systematic review we searched Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for primary research studies reporting or validating models to predict future risk of primary colorectal cancer for asymptomatic individuals. A total of 12,808 papers were identified from the literature search and nine...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - January 6, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Usher-Smith, J. A., Walter, F. M., Emery, J. D., Win, A. K., Griffin, S. J. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Risk Factor Models and Personalized Health: Opportunities and Challenges for Asymptomatic Individuals
(Source: Cancer Prevention Research)
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - January 6, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Meyskens, F. L. Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Transforming Cancer Prevention
We have entered a transformative period in cancer prevention (including early detection). Remarkable progress in precision medicine and immune-oncology, driven by extraordinary recent advances in genome-wide sequencing, big-data analytics, blood-based technologies, and deep understanding of the tumor immune microenvironment (TME), has provided unprecedented possibilities to study the biology of premalignancy. The pace of research and discovery in precision medicine and immunoprevention has been astonishing and includes the following clinical firsts reported in 2015: driver mutations detected in circulating cell-free DNA in...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - January 6, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Kensler, T. W., Spira, A., Garber, J. E., Szabo, E., Lee, J. J., Dong, Z., Dannenberg, A. J., Hait, W. N., Blackburn, E., Davidson, N. E., Foti, M., Lippman, S. M. Tags: Special Report Source Type: research
CAPR January Letter from the Editor
(Source: Cancer Prevention Research)
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - January 6, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Letter from the Editor Source Type: research
Acknowledgment to Reviewers
(Source: Cancer Prevention Research)
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - December 3, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Acknowledgment to Reviewers Source Type: research
Sulforaphane and Chemopreventive Activity
This study evaluated the chemopreventive effect of SFN on selective biomarkers from blood and breast tissues. In a 2- to 8-week double-blinded, randomized controlled trial, 54 women with abnormal mammograms and scheduled for breast biopsy were randomized to consume a placebo or a glucoraphanin (GFN) supplement providing SFN (n = 27). Plasma and urinary SFN metabolites, peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, and tissue biomarkers (H3K18ac, H3K9ac, HDAC3, HDAC6, Ki-67, p21) were measured before and after the intervention in benign, ductal carcinoma in situ, or invasive ductal carcinoma ...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - December 3, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Atwell, L. L., Zhang, Z., Mori, M., Farris, P. E., Vetto, J. T., Naik, A. M., Oh, K. Y., Thuillier, P., Ho, E., Shannon, J. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Leptin, Adiponectin, and Human Mammary Stem Cells
Multiple mechanisms are likely to account for the link between obesity and increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. Two adipokines, leptin and adiponectin, are of particular interest due to their opposing biologic functions and associations with breast cancer risk. In the current study, we investigated the effects of leptin and adiponectin on normal breast epithelial stem cells. Levels of leptin in human adipose explant–derived conditioned media positively correlated with the size of the normal breast stem cell pool. In contrast, an inverse relationship was found for adiponectin. Moreover, a strong linear rela...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - December 3, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Esper, R. M., Dame, M., McClintock, S., Holt, P. R., Dannenberg, A. J., Wicha, M. S., Brenner, D. E. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
PAX2 in Ovarian Cancer Etiology and Progression
PAX2 is an essential transcription factor for development. Aberrant PAX2 expression in adult tissues is associated with carcinogenesis and experimental evidence shows that PAX2 generally exhibits oncogenic properties. Although PAX2 is not expressed in normal ovaries, it is highly expressed in low malignant potential and low-grade epithelial ovarian tumors, suggesting that PAX2 induction in ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) may contribute to transformation. Herein, we provide evidence that expression of PAX2 in normal murine OSE cells (mOSE) enhances their proliferation and survival and, with loss of p53, induces tumorigenic...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - December 3, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Al-Hujaily, E. M., Tang, Y., Yao, D.-S., Carmona, E., Garson, K., Vanderhyden, B. C. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
NSAID Use and Risk of Liver Cancer
Chronic inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), the two most common types of liver cancer. A number of prior experimental studies have suggested that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including aspirin and ibuprofen, may potentially protect against liver cancer. However, no observational study has examined the association between aspirin duration and dose or other over-the-counter non-aspirin NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen, and liver cancer incidence. Furthermore, the association between NSAID use and risk of ICC is unclear. ...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - December 3, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Petrick, J. L., Sahasrabuddhe, V. V., Chan, A. T., Alavanja, M. C., Beane-Freeman, L. E., Buring, J. E., Chen, J., Chong, D. Q., Freedman, N. D., Fuchs, C. S., Gaziano, J. M., Giovannucci, E., Graubard, B. I., Hollenbeck, A. R., Hou, L., Jacobs, E. J., Ki Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Acolbifene for Breast Cancer Prevention
The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of using the selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) acolbifene as a breast cancer prevention agent in premenopausal women. To do so, we assessed change in proliferation in benign breast tissue sampled by random periareolar fine-needle aspiration (RPFNA) as a primary endpoint, along with changes in other risk biomarkers and objective and subjective side effects as secondary endpoints. Twenty-five women with cytologic hyperplasia ± atypia and ≥2% of breast epithelial cells staining positive for Ki-67, received 20 mg acolbifene daily for 6–8 months,...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - December 3, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Fabian, C. J., Kimler, B. F., Zalles, C. M., Phillips, T. A., Metheny, T., Petroff, B. K., Havighurst, T. C., Kim, K., Bailey, H. H., Heckman-Stoddard, B. M. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Adiponectin and Survival in Colorectal Cancer Patients
Circulating adiponectin is inversely related to the risk of colorectal cancer. However, its influence on colorectal cancer survival is unclear. We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the association between prediagnostic plasma levels of adiponectin and mortality in patients with colorectal cancer. We identified 621 incident colorectal cancer cases who provided blood specimens prior to diagnosis within the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS). Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI). After a median follow-up of 9 years, there w...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - December 3, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Chong, D. Q., Mehta, R. S., Song, M., Kedrin, D., Meyerhardt, J. A., Ng, K., Wu, K., Fuchs, C. S., Giovannucci, E. L., Ogino, S., Chan, A. T. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Phase I Trial of Poly E in Barrett's Esophagus
In conclusion, Poly E was well-tolerated, and treatment with Poly E (400 and 600 mg) but not Poly E (200 mg) or placebo resulted in clinically relevant and detectable EGCG accumulation in the target organ, esophageal mucosa. Cancer Prev Res; 8(12); 1131–7. ©2015 AACR. (Source: Cancer Prevention Research)
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - December 3, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Joe, A. K., Schnoll-Sussman, F., Bresalier, R. S., Abrams, J. A., Hibshoosh, H., Cheung, K., Friedman, R. A., Yang, C. S., Milne, G. L., Liu, D. D., Lee, J. J., Abdul, K., Bigg, M., Foreman, J., Su, T., Wang, X., Ahmed, A., Neugut, A. I., Akpa, E., Lippma Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
TIF Provides Nutrition for Tumor Superior to Angiogenesis
This study focused on the contribution of the tumor interstitial fluid (TIF) to lung cancer progression. TIF was isolated and quantified for 10 μg protein/mL. Malignant driver characteristics of TIF were examined by tumor-initiating cells (TIC), self-renewal, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), autophagy, and apoptosis in vitro. In vivo tumor model was used to investigate the mechanistic roles of TIF in lung cancer progression. In vitro, TIF exhibited distinct malignant driver characteristics, which led to increased numbers of TICs, increased self-renewal and EMT, as well as to decreased autophagy and apoptos...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - November 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Li, H., Li, G., Liu, L., Guo, Z., Ma, X., Cao, N., Lin, H., Han, G., Duan, Y., Du, G. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
MAPRE1 for Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer
Blood-based biomarkers for early detection of colorectal cancer could complement current approaches to colorectal cancer screening. We previously identified the APC-binding protein MAPRE1 as a potential colorectal cancer biomarker. Here, we undertook a case–control validation study to determine the performance of MAPRE1 in detecting early colorectal cancer and colon adenoma and to assess the potential relevance of additional biomarker candidates. We analyzed plasma samples from 60 patients with adenomas, 30 with early colorectal cancer, 30 with advanced colorectal cancer, and 60 healthy controls. MAPRE1 and a set of ...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - November 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Taguchi, A., Rho, J.-h., Yan, Q., Zhang, Y., Zhao, Y., Xu, H., Tripathi, S. C., Wang, H., Brenner, D. E., Kucherlapati, M., Kucherlapati, R., Boutin, A. T., Wang, Y. A., DePinho, R. A., Feng, Z., Lampe, P. D., Hanash, S. M. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Screening for Oral Precancer in Fanconi Anemia Patients
LOH at chromosome arms 3p, 9p, 11q, and 17p are well-established oncogenetic aberrations in oral precancerous lesions and promising biomarkers to monitor the development of oral cancer. Noninvasive LOH screening of brushed oral cells is a preferable method for precancer detection in patients at increased risk for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), such as patients with Fanconi anemia. We determined the prevalence of LOH in brushed samples of the oral epithelium of 141 patients with Fanconi anemia and 144 aged subjects, and studied the association between LOH and HNSCC. LOH was present in 14 (9.9%) nontransplant...
Source: Cancer Prevention Research - November 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Smetsers, S. E., Velleuer, E., Dietrich, R., Wu, T., Brink, A., Buijze, M., Deeg, D. J. H., Soulier, J., Leemans, C. R., Braakhuis, B. J. M., Brakenhoff, R. H. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
