A brief glimpse at CTRP3 and CTRP9 in lipid metabolism and cardiovascular protection
Publication date: Available online 12 October 2016 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Yang Yang, Yue Li, Zhiqiang Ma, Shuai Jiang, Chongxi Fan, Wei Hu, Dongjin Wang, Shouyin Di, Yang Sun, Wei Yi Adipose tissue is now known to express and secrete numerous adipokines that not only regulate lipid metabolism but also function in a wide array of physiological or pathological processes. C1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 3 (CTRP3, also known as CORS26/cartducin) and CTRP9, novel members of the adipokine family, have intersecting functions in the regulation of lipid metabolism and contribute to cardio...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - October 12, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Lipids and flaviviruses, present and future perspectives for the control of dengue, Zika, and West Nile viruses
Publication date: Available online 1 October 2016 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Miguel A. Martín-Acebes, Ángela Vázquez-Calvo, Juan-Carlos Saiz Flaviviruses are emerging arthropod-borne pathogens that cause life-threatening diseases such as yellow fever, dengue, West Nile encephalitis, tick-borne encephalitis, Kyasanur Forest disease, tick-borne encephalitis, or Zika disease. This viral genus groups >50 viral species of small enveloped plus strand RNA virus that are phylogenetically closely related to hepatitis C virus. Importantly, the flavivirus life cycle is intimately associated to host ce...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - October 1, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Structure and functionality of nanostructured triacylglycerol crystal networks
Publication date: Available online 1 October 2016 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Pere R. Ramel, Edmund D. Co, Nuria C. Acevedo, Alejandro G. Marangoni In this review, recent advances in the characterization of the nanoscale structure of fat crystal networks are outlined. The effect of different factors on the properties of crystalline nanoplatelets (CNPs) is comprehensively described. These are discussed together with the observed changes in polymorphism and micro- or mesostructural properties so as to have a complete understanding of the influence of different internal and external factors on the mater...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - October 1, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
DHCR7: A vital enzyme switch between cholesterol and vitamin d production
Publication date: Available online 30 September 2016 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Anika V. Prabhu, Winnie Luu, Dianfan Li, Laura J. Sharpe, Andrew J. Brown The conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholesterol, the final step of cholesterol synthesis in the Kandutsch-Russell pathway, is catalyzed by the enzyme 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7). Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in DHCR7 lead to the developmental disease Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, which can also result in fetal mortality, highlighting the importance of this enzyme in human development and survival. Besides serving as...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - September 30, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Liposomal systems as viable drug delivery technology for skin cancer sites with an outlook on lipid-based delivery vehicles and diagnostic imaging inputs for skin conditions
Publication date: Available online 30 September 2016 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Naseem Akhtar, Riaz A. Khan Skin cancer is among one of the most common human malignancies wide-spread world-over with mortality statistics rising continuously at an alarming rate. The increasing frequency of these malignancies has marked the need for adopting effective treatment plan coupled with better and site-specific delivery options for the desired therapeutic agent's availability at the affected site. The concurrent delivery approaches to cancerous tissues are under constant challenge and, as a result, are evolving ...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - September 30, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Oxysterols: From cholesterol metabolites to key mediators
Publication date: Available online 26 September 2016 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Valentin Mutemberezi, Owein Guillemot-Legris, Giulio G. Muccioli Oxysterols are cholesterol metabolites that can be produced through enzymatic or radical processes. They constitute a large family of lipids (i.e. the oxysterome) involved in a plethora of physiological processes. They can act through GPCR (e.g. EBI2, SMO, CXCR2), nuclear receptors (LXR, ROR, ERα) and through transporters or regulatory proteins. Their physiological effects encompass cholesterol, lipid and glucose homeostasis. Additionally, they were shown t...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - September 26, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Transcriptional control of physiological and pathological processes by the nuclear receptor PPAR β/δ
Publication date: Available online 22 September 2016 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Nguan Soon Tan, Manuel Vázquez-Carrera, Alexandra Montagner, Ming Keat Sng, Hervé Guillou, Walter Wahli (Source: Progress in Lipid Research)
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - September 21, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Evolution of the diacylglycerol lipases
Publication date: Available online 26 August 2016 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Dongjuan Yuan, Zhongdao Wu, Yonghua Wang Diacylglycerol lipases (DGLs) mainly catalyze “on-demand” biosynthesis of bioactive monoacylglycerols (MAGs) with different long fatty acyl chains, including 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), 2-linoleoylglycerol (2-LG), 2-oleoylglycerol (2-OG) and 2-palmitoylglycerol (2-PG). Enzymatic characterization of DGLs, their expression and distribution, and functional features has been elucidated from microorganisms to mammals in some extent. In mammals, biosynthesis, degradation and metaboli...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - August 25, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Lipid somersaults: Uncovering the mechanisms of protein-mediated lipid flipping
Publication date: Available online 12 August 2016 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Thomas Günther Pomorski, Anant K. Menon Membrane lipids diffuse rapidly in the plane of the membrane but their ability to flip spontaneously across a membrane bilayer is hampered by a significant energy barrier. Thus spontaneous flip-flop of polar lipids across membranes is very slow, even though it must occur rapidly to support diverse aspects of cellular life. Here we discuss the mechanisms by which rapid flip-flop occurs, and what role lipid flipping plays in membrane homeostasis and cell growth. We focus on conceptual as...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - August 11, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Fat type in phytosterol products influence their cholesterol-lowering potential: A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs
Publication date: Available online 4 August 2016 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Jessica J.A. Ferguson, Elizabeth Stojanovski, Lesley MacDonald-Wicks, Manohar L. Garg The most common form of phytosterol (PS) fortified foods are fat spreads and dairy products. The predominant fats used are soybean/sunflower (SS) or rapeseed/canola (RC) oils and animal fat (D) in dairy products. This review aimed to investigate whether the carrier fat is a determinant of the hypocholesterolaemic effects of PS fortified foods. Databases were searched using relevant keywords and published RCTs from 1990 investigating the eff...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - August 4, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Lipases from the genus Rhizopus: Characteristics, expression, protein engineering and application
Publication date: Available online 4 August 2016 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Xiao-Wei Yu, Yan Xu, Rong Xiao Lipases are versatile catalysts that hydrolyze ester bonds of water-insoluble glycerides or carry out reversible reactions at the water/lipid interface. The remarkable characteristics of lipases from the genus Rhizopus are their high sn-1,3-positional specificity, enantioselectivity and activity in nonaqueous media, which make them one of the most desirable enzymes for many applications, including lipid modification and biodiesel and chiral organic compound synthesis. sn-1,3-Position-specific Rh...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - August 4, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Metabolism and Functional Effects of Plant-Derived Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Humans
Publication date: Available online 3 August 2016 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Ella J. Baker, Elizabeth A. Miles, Graham C. Burdge, Parveen Yaqoob, Philip C. Calder Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is an essential fatty acid and the substrate for the synthesis of longer-chain, more unsaturated ω-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). EPA and DHA are associated with human health benefits. The primary source of EPA and DHA is seafood. There is a need for sustainable sources of biologically active ω-3 fatty acids. Certain plants contain high concentr...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - August 3, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Phospholipids and glycolipids mediate proton containment and circulation along the surface of energy-transducing membranes
Publication date: Available online 20 July 2016 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Marcos Y. Yoshinaga, Matthias Y. Kellermann, David L. Valentine, Raymond C. Valentine Proton bioenergetics provides the energy for growth and survival of most organisms in the biosphere ranging from unicellular marine phytoplankton to humans. Chloroplasts harvest light and generate a proton electrochemical gradient (proton motive force) that drives the production of ATP needed for carbon dioxide fixation and plant growth. Mitochondria, bacteria and archaea generate proton motive force to energize growth and other physio...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - July 21, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Influence of membrane lipid composition on flavonoid –membrane interactions: Implications on their biological activity
Publication date: April 2015 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 58 Author(s): Stalin Selvaraj, Sridharan Krishnaswamy, Venkappayya Devashya, Swaminathan Sethuraman, Uma Maheswari Krishnan The membrane interactions and localization of flavonoids play a vital role in altering membrane-mediated cell signaling cascades as well as influence the pharmacological activities such as anti-tumour, anti-microbial and anti-oxidant properties of flavonoids. Various techniques have been used to investigate the membrane interaction of flavonoids. These include partition coefficient, fluorescence anisotropy, differenti...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - July 20, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
The elusive endogenous adipogenic PPAR γ agonists: Lining up the suspects
Publication date: January 2016 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 61 Author(s): Philip Hallenborg, Rasmus K. Petersen, Irene Kouskoumvekaki, John W. Newman, Lise Madsen, Karsten Kristiansen The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is the key decisive factor controlling the development of adipocytes. Ligand-mediated activation of PPARγ occurs early during adipogenesis and is thought to prime adipose conversion. Although several fatty acids and their derivatives are known to bind to and activate PPARγ, the identity of the ligand(s) responsible for initiating adipocy...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - July 20, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
