Beyond liposomes: Recent advances on lipid based nanostructures for poorly soluble/poorly permeable drug delivery
Publication date: Available online 1 August 2017 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): M.C. Teixeira, C. Carbone, E.B. Souto Solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) and hybrid nanoparticles, have gained increasing interest as drug delivery systems because of their potential to load and release drugs from the Biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) of class II (low solubility and high permeability) and of class IV (low solubility and low permeability). Lipid properties (e.g. high solubilizing potential, biocompatibility, biotolerability, biodegradability and distinct route of ab...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - August 2, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Implications of glycerol metabolism for lipid production
Publication date: Available online 1 August 2017 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Lu-Lu Xue, Hao-Hong Chen, Jian-Guo Jiang Triacylglycerol (TAG) is an important product in oil-producing organisms. Biosynthesis of TAG can be completed through either esterification of fatty acids to glycerol backbone, or through esterification of 2-monoacylglycerol. This review will focus on the former pathway in which two precursors, fatty acid and glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P), are required for TAG formation. Tremendous progress has been made about the enzymes or genes that regulate the biosynthetic pathway of TAG. However, m...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - August 2, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Emerging roles for conjugated sterols in plants
Publication date: Available online 27 June 2017 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Albert Ferrer, Teresa Altabella, Montserrat Arró, Albert Boronat In plants, sterols are found in free form (free sterols, FSs) and conjugated as steryl esters (SEs), steryl glycosides (SGs) and acyl steryl glycosides (ASGs). Conjugated sterols are ubiquitously found in plants but their relative contents highly differ among species and their profile may change in response to developmental and environmental cues. SEs play a central role in membrane sterol homeostasis and also represent a storage pool of sterols in particular p...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - June 28, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR): “pioneer member” of the basic-helix/loop/helix per-Arnt-sim (bHLH/PAS) family of “sensors” of foreign and endogenous signals
Publication date: Available online 9 June 2017 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Daniel W. Nebert The basic-helix-loop-helix Per-Arnt-Sim (bHLH/PAS) family comprises many transcription factors, found throughout all three kingdoms of life; bHLH/PAS members “sense” innumerable intracellular and extracellular “signals” — including endogenous compounds, foreign chemicals, gas molecules, redox potential, photons (light), gravity, heat, and osmotic pressure. These signals then initiate downstream signaling pathways involved in responding to that signal. The term “PAS”, abbreviation for “Per-Arnt-Sim...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - June 9, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
HDL abnormalities in familial hypercholesterolemia: Focus on biological functions
Publication date: Available online 12 May 2017 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Shiva Ganjali, Amir Abbas Momtazi, Maciej Banach, Petri T. Kovanen, Evan A. Stein, Amirhossein Sahebkar Although a selective strong elevation in the plasma level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is the hallmark of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), also other plasma lipoprotein and lipid subspecies are changed in these patients. Several studies in FH patients have pointed to the qualitative abnormalities of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, including their triglyceride and sphingomyelin enrichment, reduc...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - May 13, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Prostaglandin synthases: Molecular characterization and involvement in prostaglandin biosynthesis
Publication date: April 2017 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 66 Author(s): Min-Ju Seo, Deok-Kun Oh Prostaglandins (PGs) belong to a subclass of eicosanoids and are classified based on the structures of the cyclopentane ring and their number of double bonds in their hydrocarbon structures. PGs are important lipid mediators that are involved in inflammatory response. The biosynthesis of diverse PGs from unsaturated C20 fatty acids containing at least three double bonds such as dihomo-γ-linoleic acid (20:3Δ8Z,11Z,14Z ), arachidonic acid (20:4Δ5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z ), and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5Δ5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - May 3, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
A global perspective on FOXO1 in lipid metabolism and lipid-related diseases
Publication date: April 2017 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 66 Author(s): Yue Li, Zhiqiang Ma, Shuai Jiang, Wei Hu, Tian Li, Shouyin Di, Dongjin Wang, Yang Yang Lipid metabolism is a complex physiological process that is involved in nutrient adjustment, hormone regulation, and homeostasis. An unhealthy lifestyle and chronic nutrient overload can cause lipid metabolism disorders, which may lead to serious lipid-related diseases, including obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, tools for preventing dysfunctional lipid metabolism are urgently ne...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - May 3, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Lipids in exosomes: Current knowledge and the way forward
In conclusion, we have summarized what is presently known about lipids in exosomes and identified issues that should be taken into consideration in future studies. (Source: Progress in Lipid Research)
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - May 3, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Oleic acid-derived oleoylethanolamide: A nutritional science perspective
Publication date: July 2017 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 67 Author(s): Kate J. Bowen, Penny M. Kris-Etherton, Gregory C. Shearer, Sheila G. West, Lavanya Reddivari, Peter J.H. Jones The fatty acid ethanolamide oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is an endogenous lipid mediator derived from the monounsaturated fatty acid, oleic acid. OEA is synthesized from membrane glycerophospholipids and is a high-affinity agonist of the nuclear transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α). Dietary intake of oleic acid elevates circulating levels of OEA in humans by increasing substrate availabil...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - May 3, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids – The “ying and yang” of lipotoxicity in metabolic diseases
Publication date: Available online 16 January 2017 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): S. Rodriguez-Cuenca, V. Pellegrinelli, M. Campbell, M. Oresic, A. Vidal-Puig Sphingolipids in general and ceramides in particular, contribute to pathophysiological mechanisms by modifying signalling and metabolic pathways. Here, we present the available evidence for a bidirectional homeostatic crosstalk between sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids, whose dysregulation contributes to lipotoxicity induced metabolic stress. The initial evidence for this crosstalk originates from simulated models designed to investigate the...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - January 16, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Polyunsaturated fatty acids and recurrent mood disorders: Phenomenology, mechanisms, and clinical application
Publication date: Available online 6 January 2017 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Erik Messamore, Daniel M. Almeida, Ronald J. Jandacek, Robert K. McNamara A body of evidence has implicated dietary deficiency in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in the pathophysiology and etiology of recurrent mood disorders including major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder. Cross-national and cross-sectional evidence suggests that greater habitual intake of n-3 PUFA is associated with reduced risk for developing mood symptom...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - January 6, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Shedding light on the puzzle of drug-membrane interactions: Experimental techniques and molecular dynamics simulations
Publication date: Available online 8 December 2016 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Daniela Lopes, Sven Jakobtorweihen, Cláudia Nunes, Bruno Sarmento, Salette Reis Lipid membranes work as barriers, which leads to inevitable drug-membrane interactions in vivo. These interactions affect the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs, such as their diffusion, transport, distribution, and accumulation inside the membrane. Furthermore, these interactions also affect their pharmacodynamic properties with respect to both therapeutic and toxic effects. Experimental membrane models have been used to perform in vitro as...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - December 8, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Importance of phosphatidylcholine on the chloroplast surface
Publication date: Available online 19 November 2016 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Botella César, Jouhet Juliette, Maryse A Block In plant cells, phosphatidylcholine (PC) is a major glycerolipid of most membranes but practically lacking from the plastid internal membranes. In chloroplasts, PC is absent from the thylakoids and the inner envelope membrane. It is however the main component of the outer envelope membrane, where it exclusively distributes in the outer monolayer. This unique distribution is likely related with operational compartmentalization of plant lipid metabolism. In this review, we summ...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - November 19, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Best practices for design and implementation of human clinical trials studying dietary oils
The objective of this review is to explore best practices for clinical trials examining impacts of dietary oils including 1) pre-clinical topics such as research question generation, study design, participant population, outcome measures and intervention product selection and/or preparation; 2) clinical trial implementation topics such as recruitment, trial management, record keeping and compliance monitoring; and 3) post-clinical trial topics dealing with sample analysis and storage as well as management, publication and data access. The use of digital case report forms, and the best practices in reporting and publishing ...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - October 28, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
The role of DNA methylation in dyslipidaemia: A systematic review
Publication date: Available online 13 October 2016 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Kim V.E. Braun, Trudy Voortman, Klodian Dhana, Jenna Troup, Wichor M. Bramer, John Troup, Rajiv Chowdhury, Abbas Dehghan, Taulant Muka, Oscar H. Franco Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, might be involved in the regulation of blood lipid concentration variability and may thereby affect cardiovascular health. We aimed to systematically review studies investigating the association between epigenetic marks and plasma concentrations of triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, low-densi...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - October 13, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
