Membrane Lipid Therapy: modulation of the cell membrane composition and structure as a molecular base for drug discovery and new disease treatment
This article reviews the newly emerging field of membrane lipid therapy which involves the pharmacological regulation of membrane lipid composition and structure for the treatment of diseases. Membrane lipid therapy proposes the use of new molecules specifically designed to modify membrane lipid structures and microdomains as pharmaceutical disease-modifying agents by reversing the malfunction or altering the expression of disease- specific protein or lipid signal cascades. Here, we provide an in-depth analysis of this emerging field, especially its molecular bases and its relevance to the development of innovative therape...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - May 10, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
The increasing role of phosphatidylethanolamine as a lipid receptor in the action of host defence peptides
Publication date: Available online 1 May 2015 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): David A. Phoenix , Frederick Harris , Manuela Mura , Sarah R. Dennison Host defence peptides (HDPs) are antimicrobial agents produced by organisms across the prokaryotic and eukaryotic kingdoms. Many prokaryotes produce HDPs, which utilise lipid and protein receptors in the membranes of bacterial competitors to facilitate their antibacterial action and thereby survive in their niche environment. As a major example, it is well established that cinnamycin and duramycins from Streptomyces have a high affinity for phosphatidyleth...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - May 4, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Long-chain acyl-CoA esters in metabolism and signaling: Role of acyl-CoA binding proteins
Publication date: Available online 18 April 2015 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Ditte Neess , Signe Bek , Hanne Engelsby , Sandra F. Gallego , Nils J. Færgeman Long-chain fatty acyl-CoA esters are key intermediates in numerous lipid metabolic pathways, and recognized as important cellular signaling molecules. The intracellular flux and regulatory properties of acyl-CoA esters have been proposed to be coordinated by acyl-CoA-binding domain containing proteins (ACBDs). The ACBDs, which comprise a highly conserved multigene family of intracellular lipid-binding proteins, are found in all eukaryotes and...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - May 2, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
The increasing role of phosphatidyl ethanolamine as a lipid receptor in the action of host defence peptides
Publication date: Available online 1 May 2015 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): David A. Phoenix , Frederick Harris , Manuela Mura , Sarah R. Dennison Host defence peptides (HDPs) are antimicrobial agents produced by organisms across the prokaryotic and eukaryotic kingdoms. Many prokaryotes produce HDPs, which utilise lipid and protein receptors in the membranes of bacterial competitors to facilitate their antibacterial action and thereby survive in their niche environment. As a major example, it is well established that cinnamycin and duramycins from Streptomyces have a high affinity for phosphatidyleth...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - May 2, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Is DHA synthesis from ALA sufficient to supply the adult brain?
Publication date: Available online 25 April 2015 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Anthony F. Domenichiello , Alex P. Kitson , Richard P. Bazinet Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is important for brain function, and can be obtained directly from the diet or synthesized in the body from α-linolenic acid (ALA). Several studies have estimated DHA synthesis from ALA in humans using oral administration of stable isotope ALA and concluded that it is an inefficient process with typical estimates of conversion being less than 1% of the administered dose. However, the primary fate of orally administered ALA, that is no...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - April 26, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Long-chain Acyl-CoA Esters in Metabolism and Signaling; Role of Acyl-CoA Binding Proteins
Publication date: Available online 18 April 2015 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Ditte Neess , Signe Bek , Hanne Engelsby , Sandra F. Gallego , Nils J. Færgeman Long-chain fatty acyl-CoA esters are key intermediates in numerous lipid metabolic pathways, and recognized as important cellular signaling molecules. The intracellular flux and regulatory properties of acyl-CoA esters have been proposed to be coordinated by acyl-CoA-binding domain containing proteins (ACBDs). The ACBDs, which comprise a highly conserved multigene family of intracellular lipid-binding proteins, are found in all eukaryotes and...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - April 19, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Pros and cons of fatty acids in bone biology
Publication date: Available online 30 March 2015 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Fabien Wauquier , Laurent Léotoing , Claire Philippe , Mélanie Spilmont , Véronique Coxam , Yohann Wittrant Despite the growing interest in deciphering the causes and consequences of obesity-related disorders, the mechanisms linking fat intake to bone behaviour remain unclear. Since bone fractures are widely associated with increased morbidity and mortality, most notably in elderly and obese people, bone health has become a major social and economic issue. Consistently, public health system guidelines have encouraged ...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - March 31, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Tracking the Metabolic Pulse of Plant Lipid Production with Isotopic Labeling and Flux Analyses: Past, Present and Future
Publication date: Available online 13 March 2015 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Doug K. Allen , Philip D. Bates , Henrik Tjellström Metabolism is comprised of networks of chemical transformations, organized into integrated biochemical pathways that are the basis of cellular operation, and function to sustain life. Metabolism, and thus life, is not static. The rate of metabolites transitioning through biochemical pathways (i.e. flux) determines cellular phenotypes, and is constantly changing in response to genetic or environmental perturbations. Each change evokes a response in metabolic pathway flow, ...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - March 13, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Autotaxin, a secreted lysophospholipase D, as a promising therapeutic target in chronic inflammation and cancer
Publication date: Available online 20 February 2015 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Efrosini Barbayianni , Eleanna Kaffe , Vassilis Aidinis , George Kokotos Autotaxin (ATX) is a member of the nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family of ectoenzymes that hydrolyzes phosphodiester bonds of various nucleotides. It possesses lysophospholipase D activity, catalyzing the hydrolysis of lysophosphatidylcholine into lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), and it is considered the major LPA-producing enzyme in the circulation. LPA is a bioactive phospholipid with diverse functions in almost every mammalian cell t...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - March 10, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Lysophosphatidic acid receptor (LPAR) modulators: The current pharmacological toolbox
Publication date: April 2015 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 58 Author(s): Sabin Llona-Minguez , Artin Ghassemian , Thomas Helleday Lysophosphatidic acids (LPA) are key lipid-signalling molecules that regulate a remarkably diverse set of cellular events, such as motility, chemotaxis, cell cycle progression, viability, and wound healing. The physiological and pathophysiological consequences of LPA signalling are evident and misregulation of LPA signalling can lead to pathologies like cancer, atherosclerosis, ischaemia, and fibrosis. LPA exerts its biological actions mainly through several types of G protein...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - March 10, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Dual effects of the non-esterified fatty acid receptor ‘GPR40’ for human health
Publication date: Available online 20 January 2015 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Tetsumori Yamashima G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40), a receptor for diverse non-esterified fatty acids, is expressed predominantly in the wide variety of neurons of the central nervous system and ß-cells in the pancreatic islets. Since deorphanization of GPR40 in 2003, the past decade has seen major advances in our understanding of its role in the insulin secretion. However, there is still a great deal to be elucidated about the role of GPR40 in the brain, because the latter shows the most abundant GPR40 mRNA express...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - January 29, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Dual effects of the fatty acid receptor ‘GPR40’ for human health
Publication date: Available online 20 January 2015 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Tetsumori Yamashima Free fatty acid receptor ‘GPR40’ is expressed predominantly in the wide variety of neurons of the central nervous system and ß-cells in the pancreatic islets. Since its deorphanization in 2003, the past decade has seen major advances in our understanding of its role in insulin secretion. In contrast, there is still a great deal to be learned about the relationship between GPR40 and brain, despite the most abundant mRNA expression. Since GPR40 is expressed also in the hypothalamus, ‘brain-lipid sen...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - January 26, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Plant sterols: friend or foe in CNS disorders?
Publication date: Available online 23 January 2015 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Tim Vanmierlo , Jeroen J.F. Bogie , Jo Mailleux , Jasmine Vanmol , Dieter Lütjohann , Monique Mulder , Jerome J.A. Hendriks In mammals, the central nervous system (CNS) is the most cholesterol rich organ by weight. Cholesterol metabolism is tightly regulated in the CNS and all cholesterol available is synthesized in situ. Deficits in cholesterol homeostasis at the level of synthesis, transport, or catabolism result in severe disorders featured by neurological disability. Recent studies indicate that a disturbed chole...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - January 26, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Human Genetics of HDL: Insight into particle metabolism and function
Publication date: Available online 16 January 2015 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Liam R. Brunham , Michael R. Hayden Levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are inversely related to cardiovascular disease risk and HDL particles possess a variety of anti-atherosclerotic properties. However, several recent clinical trials aimed at raising HDL-C levels have failed to yield the expected improvement in clinical outcomes, highlighting the need for a better understanding of HDL particle function and metabolism. Human genetic studies have proven to be an outstanding source of insight regarding t...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - January 16, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Influence of membrane lipid composition on flavonoid–membrane interactions: Implications on their biological activity
Publication date: Available online 3 December 2014 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Stalin Selvaraj , Sridharan Krishnaswamy , Venkappayya Devashya , Swaminathan Sethuraman , Uma Maheswari Krishnan The membrane interactions and localization of flavonoids play a vital role in altering membrane-mediated cell signaling cascades as well as influence the pharmacological activities such as anti-tumour, anti-microbial and anti-oxidant properties of flavonoids. Various techniques have been used to investigate the membrane interaction of flavonoids. These include partition coefficient, fluorescence anisotropy, ...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - January 9, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
