Interaction of brain fatty acid-binding protein with the polyunsaturated fatty acid environment as a potential determinant of poor prognosis in malignant glioma
Publication date: October 2013 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 52, Issue 4 Author(s): Marwa E. Elsherbiny , Marwan Emara , Roseline Godbout Malignant gliomas are the most common adult brain cancers. In spite of aggressive treatment, recurrence occurs in the great majority of patients and is invariably fatal. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are abundant in brain, particularly ω-6 arachidonic acid (AA) and ω-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Although the levels of ω-6 and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are tightly regulated in brain, the ω-6:ω-3 ratio is dramatically increased in malignant glioma, suggesting ...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - November 5, 2014 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Carotenoids, versatile components of oxygenic photosynthesis
Publication date: October 2013 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 52, Issue 4 Author(s): Ildikó Domonkos , Mihály Kis , Zoltán Gombos , Bettina Ughy Carotenoids (CARs) are a group of pigments that perform several important physiological functions in all kingdoms of living organisms. CARs serve as protective agents, which are essential structural components of photosynthetic complexes and membranes, and they play an important role in the light harvesting mechanism of photosynthesizing plants and cyanobacteria. The protection against reactive oxygen species, realized by quenching of singlet oxygen and the e...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - November 5, 2014 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Oxysterol-binding proteins: Sterol and phosphoinositide sensors coordinating transport, signaling and metabolism
Publication date: October 2013 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 52, Issue 4 Author(s): Vesa M. Olkkonen , Shiqian Li Oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) and OSBP-related proteins (ORPs) constitute a family of sterol and phosphoinositide binding proteins conserved in eukaryotes. The mechanisms of ORP function have remained incompletely understood. However, several ORPs are present at membrane contact sites and control the activity of enzymatic effectors or assembly of protein complexes, with impacts on signaling, vesicle transport, and lipid metabolism. An increasing number of protein interaction partners of ORP...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - November 5, 2014 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Mitochondrial membrane lipid remodeling in pathophysiology: A new target for diet and therapeutic interventions
Publication date: October 2013 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 52, Issue 4 Author(s): João P. Monteiro , Paulo J. Oliveira , Amália S. Jurado Mitochondria are arbiters in the fragile balance between cell life and death. These organelles present an intricate membrane system, with a peculiar lipid composition and displaying transverse as well as lateral asymmetry. Some lipids are synthesized inside mitochondria, while others have to be imported or acquired in the form of precursors. Here, we review different processes, including external interventions (e.g., diet) and a range of biological events (apoptosi...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - November 5, 2014 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Lipid synthesis in protozoan parasites: A comparison between kinetoplastids and apicomplexans
Publication date: October 2013 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 52, Issue 4 Author(s): Srinivasan Ramakrishnan , Mauro Serricchio , Boris Striepen , Peter Bütikofer Lipid metabolism is of crucial importance for pathogens. Lipids serve as cellular building blocks, signalling molecules, energy stores, posttranslational modifiers, and pathogenesis factors. Parasites rely on a complex system of uptake and synthesis mechanisms to satisfy their lipid needs. The parameters of this system change dramatically as the parasite transits through the various stages of its life cycle. Here we discuss the tremendous rece...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - November 5, 2014 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of lipid in living plants
Publication date: October 2013 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 52, Issue 4 Author(s): Ljudmilla Borisjuk , Hardy Rolletschek , Thomas Neuberger This review highlights technological developments in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which are creating opportunities for the three dimensional visualization and quantification of lipids in plant materials. A major feature of MRI is that it is a non-invasive platform, and thus can be used for the analysis of living organisms. An overview of the theoretical aspects of MRI is provided, followed by a description of the various analytical modes available, and an expl...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - November 5, 2014 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Postprandial lipoproteins and the molecular regulation of vascular homeostasis
Publication date: October 2013 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 52, Issue 4 Author(s): Kathleen M. Botham , Caroline P.D. Wheeler-Jones Blood levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) increase postprandially, and a delay in their clearance results in postprandial hyperlipidemia, an important risk factor in atherosclerosis development. Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease, and its initiation involves endothelial dysfunction, invasion of the artery wall by leukocytes and subsequent formation of foam cells. TRL are implicated in several of these inflammatory processes, including the for...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - November 5, 2014 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Fat taste in humans: Sources of within- and between-subject variability
Publication date: October 2013 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 52, Issue 4 Author(s): Cordelia A. Running , Richard D. Mattes , Robin M. Tucker Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) are reportedly detectable through taste mechanisms in the human oral cavity. However, wide variability has been observed in NEFA taste sensitivity between and within subjects as well as across research groups. Some of this variability may be due to the hydrophobic nature of the NEFA and the methods used to make stimuli emulsions. As NEFA are poorly soluble in water, emulsification is necessary for delivery of stimuli to taste recep...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - November 5, 2014 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Biological functions of sphingomyelins
Publication date: October 2013 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 52, Issue 4 Author(s): J. Peter Slotte Sphingomyelin (SM) is a dominant sphingolipid in membranes of mammalian cells and this lipid class is specifically enriched in the plasma membrane, the endocytic recycling compartment, and the trans Golgi network. The distribution of SM and cholesterol among cellular compartments correlate. Sphingolipids have extensive hydrogen-bonding capabilities which together with their saturated nature facilitate the formation of sphingolipid and SM-enriched lateral domains in membranes. Cholesterol prefers to interact ...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - November 5, 2014 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Edible lipid nanoparticles: Digestion, absorption, and potential toxicity
This article provides an overview of the current status of the biological fate and potential toxicity of food-grade lipid nanoparticles suitable for utilization within the food and beverage industry. (Source: Progress in Lipid Research)
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - November 5, 2014 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Advancing oleaginous microorganisms to produce lipid via metabolic engineering technology
Publication date: October 2013 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 52, Issue 4 Author(s): Ming-Hua Liang , Jian-Guo Jiang With the depletion of global petroleum and its increasing price, biodiesel has been becoming one of the most promising biofuels for global fuels market. Researchers exploit oleaginous microorganisms for biodiesel production due to their short life cycle, less labor required, less affection by venue, and easier to scale up. Many oleaginous microorganisms can accumulate lipids, especially triacylglycerols (TAGs), which are the main materials for biodiesel production. This review is covering th...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - November 5, 2014 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Checks and balances in membrane phospholipid class and acyl chain homeostasis, the yeast perspective
Publication date: October 2013 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 52, Issue 4 Author(s): Anton I.P.M. de Kroon , Pieter J. Rijken , Cedric H. De Smet Glycerophospholipids are the most abundant membrane lipid constituents in most eukaryotic cells. As a consequence, phospholipid class and acyl chain homeostasis are crucial for maintaining optimal physical properties of membranes that in turn are crucial for membrane function. The topic of this review is our current understanding of membrane phospholipid homeostasis in the reference eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae. After introducing the physical parameters of...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - November 5, 2014 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Multiscale structures of lipids in foods as parameters affecting fatty acid bioavailability and lipid metabolism
Publication date: October 2013 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 52, Issue 4 Author(s): M.C. Michalski , C. Genot , C. Gayet , C. Lopez , F. Fine , F. Joffre , J.L. Vendeuvre , J. Bouvier , J.M. Chardigny , K. Raynal-Ljutovac On a nutritional standpoint, lipids are now being studied beyond their energy content and fatty acid (FA) profiles. Dietary FA are building blocks of a huge diversity of more complex molecules such as triacylglycerols (TAG) and phospholipids (PL), themselves organised in supramolecular structures presenting different thermal behaviours. They are generally embedded in complex food...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - November 5, 2014 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Surface analysis of lipids by mass spectrometry: More than just imaging
Publication date: October 2013 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 52, Issue 4 Author(s): Shane R. Ellis , Simon H. Brown , Marc in het Panhuis , Stephen J. Blanksby , Todd W. Mitchell Mass spectrometry is now an indispensable tool for lipid analysis and is arguably the driving force in the renaissance of lipid research. In its various forms, mass spectrometry is uniquely capable of resolving the extensive compositional and structural diversity of lipids in biological systems. Furthermore, it provides the ability to accurately quantify molecular-level changes in lipid populations associated with changes in m...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - November 5, 2014 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Regulation of energy metabolism by long-chain fatty acids
Publication date: January 2014 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 53 Author(s): Manabu T. Nakamura , Barbara E. Yudell , Juan J. Loor In mammals, excess energy is stored primarily as triglycerides, which are mobilized when energy demands arise. This review mainly focuses on the role of long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) in regulating energy metabolism as ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). PPAR-alpha expressed primarily in liver is essential for metabolic adaptation to starvation by inducing genes for beta-oxidation and ketogenesis and by downregulating energy expenditure through fibro...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - November 5, 2014 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
