A global perspective on carotenoids: Metabolism, biotechnology, and benefits for nutrition and health
Publication date: April 2018 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 70 Author(s): Manuel Rodriguez-Concepcion, Javier Avalos, M. Luisa Bonet, Albert Boronat, Lourdes Gomez-Gomez, Damaso Hornero-Mendez, M. Carmen Limon, Antonio J. Meléndez-Martínez, Begoña Olmedilla-Alonso, Andreu Palou, Joan Ribot, Maria J. Rodrigo, Lorenzo Zacarias, Changfu Zhu Carotenoids are lipophilic isoprenoid compounds synthesized by all photosynthetic organisms and some non-photosynthetic prokaryotes and fungi. With some notable exceptions, animals (including humans) do not produce carotenoids de novo but take them in their di...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - May 2, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Fat nucleosome: Role of lipids on chromatin
Publication date: Available online 17 April 2018 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Vinicius Fernandes, Kaian Teles, Camyla Ribeiro, Werner Treptow, Guilherme Santos Structural changes in chromatin regulate gene expression and define phenotypic outcomes. Molecules that bind to the nucleosome, the complex of DNA and histone proteins, are key modulators of chromatin structure. Most recently, the formation of condensed chromatin regions based on phase-separation in the cell, a basic physical mechanism, was proposed. Increased understanding of the mechanisms of interaction between chromatin and lipids suggest ...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - May 2, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
STAT3: The art of multi-tasking of metabolic and immune functions in obesity
Publication date: Available online 7 April 2018 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Wei Hu, Jianjun Lv, Mengzhen Han, Zhi Yang, Tian Li, Shuai Jiang, Yang Yang Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a transcription factor that has recently attracted increased attention. Accumulating studies have demonstrated that STAT3 plays an important role in various diseases, such as cancer and ischemic injury. In light of the distinctive effects of STAT3 on the regulation of metabolism and immune responses, we present the elaborate network of STAT3 in obesity. In this review, we first introduce...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - April 8, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Phytosterols and their derivatives: Structural diversity, distribution, metabolism, analysis, and health-promoting uses
Publication date: Available online 5 April 2018 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Robert A. Moreau, Laura Nyström, Bruce D. Whitaker, Jill K. Winkler-Moser, David J. Baer, Sarah K. Gebauer, Kevin B. Hicks Phytosterols (plant sterols) occur in the cells of all plants. They are important structural components that stabilize the biological membranes of plants. Sterols can occur in the “free” unbound form or they can be covalently bound via an ester or glycosidic bond. Since our previous 2002 review on phytosterols and phytosterol conjugates, phytosterol glucosides have been found to be important struc...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - April 6, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Current trends to comprehend lipid metabolism in diatoms
Publication date: Available online 7 March 2018 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Nodumo Nokulunga Zulu, Krzysztof Zienkiewicz, Katharina Vollheyde, Ivo Feussner Diatoms are the most dominant phytoplankton species in oceans and they continue to receive a great deal of attention because of their significant contributions in ecosystems and the environment. Due to triacylglycerol (TAG) profiles that are abundant in medium-chain fatty acids, diatoms have emerged to be better feed stocks for biofuel production, in comparison to the commonly studied green microalgal species (chlorophytes). Importantly, diatoms a...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - March 8, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Determinants of cholesterol efflux capacity in humans
Publication date: Available online 18 December 2017 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Charlotte P.J. Talbot, Jogchum Plat, Andreas Ritsch, Ronald P. Mensink High-density lipoproteins (HDL) play an important role in the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway, contributing to the efflux of excess cellular cholesterol. However, the classic hypothesis that raising HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations reduces cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk has been challenged by recent intervention studies. Nowadays, improving cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL particles is considered to be a better target for the pre...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - December 18, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Adipocyte biology in breast cancer: From silent bystander to active facilitator
Publication date: January 2018 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 69 Author(s): Junjeong Choi, Yoon Jin Cha, Ja Seung Koo Adipocytes account for the largest proportion among the cells that comprise breast tissue; therefore, they are considered to be a critical cell type in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer. In breast cancer, adipocytes are not only found adjacent to cancer cells, but they also play an active role in the entire process of cancer development, progression, metastasis, and treatment response. Factors including the secretion of adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin, as well as autotaxi...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - November 29, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Exploring the functional significance of sterol glycosyltransferase enzymes
Publication date: January 2018 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 69 Author(s): Gaurav Singh, Yogeshwar Vikram Dhar, Mehar Hasan Asif, Pratibha Misra Steroidal alkaloids (SAs) are widely synthesized and distributed in plants manifesting as natural produce endowed with potential for medicinal, pesticidal and other high-value usages. Glycosylation of these SAs raises complex and diverse glycosides in plant cells that indeed govern numerous functional aspects. During the glycosylation process of these valuable metabolites, the addition of carbohydrate molecule(s) is catalyzed by enzymes known as sterol glycosyltr...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - November 29, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Furan fatty acids – Beneficial or harmful to health?
Publication date: Available online 16 October 2017 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Long Xu, Andrew J. Sinclair, Muniba Faiza, Daoming Li, Xianlin Han, Huiyong Yin, Yonghua Wang Furan fatty acids are found in plants, algae, and fish, and reported to have some positive health benefits, including anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and inhibition of non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation. A major metabolite of furan fatty acids, 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid (CMPF), has been reported to be increased in patients who progress from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes, although CMPF is no...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - October 21, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Modulating fat digestion through food structure design
Publication date: Available online 7 October 2017 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Qing Guo, Aiqian Ye, Nick Bellissimo, Harjinder Singh, Dérick Rousseau Dietary fats and oils are an important component of our diet and a significant contributor to total energy and intake of lipophilic nutrients and bioactives. We discuss their fate in a wide variety of engineered, processed and naturally-occurring foods as they pass through the gastrointestinal tract and the implicit role of the food matrix within which they reside. Important factors that control fat and oil digestion include: 1) Their physical state (l...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - October 8, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Isoprostanes, neuroprostanes and phytoprostanes: An overview of 25years of research in chemistry and biology
Publication date: October 2017 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 68 Author(s): Jean-Marie Galano, Yiu Yiu Lee, Camille Oger, Claire Vigor, Joseph Vercauteren, Thierry Durand, Martin Giera, Jetty Chung-Yung Lee Since the beginning of the 1990's diverse types of metabolites originating from polyunsaturated fatty acids, formed under autooxidative conditions were discovered. Known as prostaglandin isomers (or isoprostanoids) originating from arachidonic acid, neuroprostanes from docosahexaenoic acid, and phytoprostanes from α-linolenic acid proved to be prevalent in biology. The syntheses of these compounds ...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - September 26, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Isoprostanes, neuroprostanes and phytoprostanes. An overview of 25years of research in chemistry and biology
Publication date: Available online 18 September 2017 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Jean-Marie Galano, Yiu Yiu Lee, Camille Oger, Claire Vigor, Joseph Vercauteren, Thierry Durand, Martin Giera, Jetty Chung-Yung Lee Since the beginning of the 1990's diverse types of metabolites originating from polyunsaturated fatty acids, formed under autooxidative conditions were discovered. Known as prostaglandin isomers (or isoprostanoids) originating from arachidonic acid, neuroprostanes from docosahexaenoic acid, and phytoprostanes from α-linolenic acid proved to be prevalent in biology. The syntheses of these...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - September 20, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Applications of nuclear magnetic resonance in lipid analyses: An emerging powerful tool for lipidomics studies
Publication date: Available online 11 September 2017 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Jingbo Li, Thomas Vosegaard, Zheng Guo The role of lipids in cell, tissue, and organ physiology is crucial; as many diseases, including cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative, and infectious diseases, are closely related to absorption and metabolism of lipids. Mass spectrometry (MS) based methods are the most developed powerful tools to study the synthetic pathways and metabolic networks of cellular lipids in biological systems; leading to the birth of an emerging subject lipidomics, which has been extensively reviewed. Nucl...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - September 11, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Bacterial conjugated linoleic acid production and their applications
Publication date: Available online 7 September 2017 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Bo Yang, He Gao, Catherine Stanton, R. Paul Ross, Hao Zhang, Yong Q. Chen, Haiqin Chen, Wei Chen Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been shown to exert various potential physiological properties including anti-carcinogenic, anti-obesity, anti-cardiovascular and anti-diabetic activities, and consequently has been considered as a promising food supplement. Bacterial biosynthesis of CLA is an attractive approach for commercial production due to its high isomer-selectivity and convenient purification process. Many bacteri...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - September 8, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
The renaissance of lipoprotein(a): Brave new world for preventive cardiology?
Publication date: Available online 6 September 2017 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Katrina L. Ellis, Michael B. Boffa, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Marlys L. Koschinsky, Gerald F. Watts Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a highly heritable cardiovascular risk factor. Although discovered more than 50 years ago, Lp(a) has recently re-emerged as a major focus in the fields of lipidology and preventive cardiology owing to findings from genetic studies and the possibility of lowering elevated plasma concentrations with new antisense therapy. Data from genetic, epidemiological and clinical studies have provided compelling e...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - September 6, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
