Omega-3 long chain fatty acid “bioavailability”: A review of evidence and methodological considerations
Publication date: Available online 16 September 2014 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Samaneh Ghasemifard , Giovanni M. Turchini , Andrew J. Sinclair This review considers the bioavailability of different forms of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA), including ethyl esters (EEs), free fatty acids (FFAs), triacylglycerols (TAGs) and phospholipids (PLs). The retrieved studies include short-term and longer-term studies in humans, and a number of animal studies, which were highly heterogeneous in their design making it difficult to draw substantiated conclusions. The apparent bioavai...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - November 5, 2014 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Epoxy acetylenic lipids: Their analogues and derivatives
Publication date: October 2014 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 56 Author(s): Dmitry V. Kuklev , Valery M. Dembitsky Currently, approximately 250 natural acetylenic epoxy structures are known. The present review describes research concerning biologically active epoxy acetylenic lipids and related compounds isolated from different sources. Intensive searches for new classes of pharmacologically potent agents produced by living organisms have resulted in the discovery of dozens of such compounds that possess high anticancer, cytotoxic, antibacterial, antiviral, and other activities. Acetylenic epoxides primari...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - November 5, 2014 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Recent advances in pharmacotherapy for hypertriglyceridemia
Publication date: October 2014 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 56 Author(s): Amirhossein Sahebkar , Gerard T. Chew , Gerald F. Watts Elevated plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), hepatic steatosis and pancreatitis. Existing pharmacotherapies, such as fibrates, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and niacin, are partially efficacious in correcting elevated plasma TG. However, several new TG-lowering agents are in development that can regulate the transport of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) by modulating key ...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - November 5, 2014 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Understanding high-density lipoprotein function in disease: Recent advances in proteomics unravel the complexity of its composition and biology
Publication date: October 2014 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 56 Author(s): Ruth Birner-Gruenberger , Matthias Schittmayer , Michael Holzer , Gunther Marsche Although the epidemiology of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and cardiovascular risk has been consistent, pharmacologic interventions to increase HDL-cholesterol by delaying HDL catabolism did not translate into reduction in cardiovascular risk. HDL particles are small, protein-rich when compared to other plasma lipoprotein classes. Latest progresses in proteomics technology have dramatically increased our understanding of proteins carrie...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - November 5, 2014 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Metabolic engineering of microorganisms to produce omega-3 very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids
Publication date: October 2014 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 56 Author(s): Yangmin Gong , Xia Wan , Mulan Jiang , Chuanjiong Hu , Hanhua Hu , Fenghong Huang Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) have received growing attention due to their significant roles in human health. Currently the main source of these nutritionally and medically important fatty acids is marine fish, which has not met ever-increasing global demand. Microorganisms are an important alternative source also being explored. Although many microorganisms accumulate omega-3 LC-PUFAs naturally, metabolic engineering m...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - November 5, 2014 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Phosphatidylserine in the brain: Metabolism and function
Publication date: October 2014 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 56 Author(s): Hee-Yong Kim , Bill X. Huang , Arthur A. Spector Phosphatidylserine (PS) is the major anionic phospholipid class particularly enriched in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane in neural tissues. PS is synthesized from phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine by exchanging the base head group with serine, and this reaction is catalyzed by phosphatidylserine synthase 1 and phosphatidylserine synthase 2 located in the endoplasmic reticulum. Activation of Akt, Raf-1 and protein kinase C signaling, which supports neuronal sur...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - November 5, 2014 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
