Metabolic reprogramming of the heart through stearoyl-CoA desaturase
Publication date: January 2015 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 57 Author(s): Pawel Dobrzyn , Tomasz Bednarski , Agnieszka Dobrzyn Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), a central enzyme in lipid metabolism that synthesizes monounsaturated fatty acids, has been linked to tissue metabolism and body adiposity regulation. Recent studies showed that SCD has the ability to reprogram cardiac metabolism, thereby regulating heart function. In the heart, the lack of SCD1 enhances glucose transport and metabolism at the expense of fatty acid (FA) uptake and oxidation. The metabolic changes associated with SCD1 deficiency pro...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - January 9, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Molecular and functional diversity of yeast and fungal lipases: Their role in biotechnology and cellular physiology
Publication date: Available online 5 January 2015 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Rani Gupta , Arti Kumari , Poonam Syal , Yogesh Singh Lipase catalyzes hydrolysis of fats in lipid water interphase and perform variety of biotransformation reactions under micro aqueous conditions. The major sources include microbial lipases; among these yeast and fungal lipases are of special interest because they can carry out various stereoselective reactions. These lipases are highly diverse and are categorized into three classes on the basis of oxyanion hole: GX, GGGX and Y. The detailed phylogenetic analysis showed...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - January 9, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Influence of Membrane Lipid Composition on Flavonoid-Membrane Interactions: Implications on their Biological Activity
Publication date: Available online 3 December 2014 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Stalin Selvaraj , Sridharan Krishnaswamy , Venkappayya Devashya , Swaminathan Sethuraman , Uma Maheswari Krishnan The membrane interactions and localization of flavonoids play a vital role in altering membrane-mediated cell signaling cascades as well as influence the pharmacological activities such as anti-tumour, anti-microbial and anti-oxidant properties of flavonoids. Various techniques have been used to investigate the membrane interaction of flavonoids. These include partition coefficient, fluorescence anisotropy, ...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - December 4, 2014 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Evolutionary aspects of lipoxygenases and genetic diversity of human leukotriene signaling
Publication date: Available online 27 November 2014 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Thomas Horn , Susan Adel , Ralf Schumann , Saubashya Sur , Kumar Reddy Kakularam , Aparoy Polamarasetty , Pallu Redanna , Hartmut Kuhn , Dagmar Heydeck Leukotrienes are pro-inflammatory lipid mediators, which are biosynthesized via the lipoxygenase pathway of the arachidonic acid cascade. Lipoxygenases form a family of lipid peroxidizing enzymes and human lipoxygenase isoforms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory, hyperproliferative (cancer) and neurodegenerative diseases. Lipoxygenases are not ...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - November 29, 2014 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Lipolysis – A highly regulated multi-enzyme complex mediates the catabolism of cellular fat stores
Publication date: January 2011 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 50, Issue 1 Author(s): Achim Lass , Robert Zimmermann , Monika Oberer , Rudolf Zechner Lipolysis is the biochemical pathway responsible for the catabolism of triacylglycerol (TAG) stored in cellular lipid droplets. The hydrolytic cleavage of TAG generates non-esterified fatty acids, which are subsequently used as energy substrates, essential precursors for lipid and membrane synthesis, or mediators in cell signaling processes. Consistent with its central importance in lipid and energy homeostasis, lipolysis occurs in essentially all tissues an...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - November 28, 2014 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Mammalian phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases as modulators of membrane trafficking and lipid signaling networks
Publication date: July 2013 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 52, Issue 3 Author(s): Emma L. Clayton , Shane Minogue , Mark G. Waugh The four mammalian phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases modulate inter-organelle lipid trafficking, phosphoinositide signalling and intracellular vesicle trafficking. In addition to catalytic domains required for the synthesis of PI4P, the phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases also contain isoform-specific structural motifs that mediate interactions with proteins such as AP-3 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch, and such structural differences determine isoform-specific roles in membrane traff...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - November 28, 2014 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Corrigendum to “Molecular properties of various structurally defined sphingomyelins – Correlation of structure with function” [Prog. Lipid Res. 52 (2013) 206–219]
Publication date: October 2013 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 52, Issue 4 Author(s): J. Peter Slotte (Source: Progress in Lipid Research)
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - November 5, 2014 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Corrigendum to “Biological functions of sphingomyelins” [Prog Lipid Res 52 (2013) 424–437]
Publication date: October 2013 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 52, Issue 4 Author(s): J. Peter Slotte (Source: Progress in Lipid Research)
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - November 5, 2014 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Desmosterol and DHCR24: Unexpected new directions for a terminal step in cholesterol synthesis
Publication date: October 2013 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 52, Issue 4 Author(s): Eser J. Zerenturk , Laura J. Sharpe , Elina Ikonen , Andrew J. Brown 3β-Hydroxysterol Δ24-reductase (DHCR24) catalyzes the conversion of desmosterol to cholesterol. This ultimate step of cholesterol biosynthesis appears to be remarkable in its diverse functions and the number of diseases it is implicated in from vascular disease to Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection to cancer to Alzheimer’s disease. This review summarizes the present knowledge on the DHCR24 gene, sterol Δ24-reductase protein and the regulation of bot...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - November 5, 2014 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
The eosinophil chemoattractant 5-oxo-ETE and the OXE receptor
Publication date: October 2013 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 52, Issue 4 Author(s): William S. Powell , Joshua Rokach 5-Oxo-ETE (5-oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid) is formed from the 5-lipoxygenase product 5-HETE (5S-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid) by 5-hydroxyeicosanoid dehydrogenase (5-HEDH). The cofactor NADP+ is a limiting factor in the synthesis of 5-oxo-ETE because of its low concentrations in unperturbed cells. Activation of the respiratory burst in phagocytic cells, oxidative stress, and cell death all dramatically elevate both intracellular NADP+ levels and 5-oxo-ETE synthesis. 5-HED...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - November 5, 2014 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Cannabinoid receptor signaling in progenitor/stem cell proliferation and differentiation
Publication date: October 2013 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 52, Issue 4 Author(s): Ismael Galve-Roperh , Valerio Chiurchiù , Javier Díaz-Alonso , Monica Bari , Manuel Guzmán , Mauro Maccarrone Cannabinoids, the active components of cannabis (Cannabis sativa) extracts, have attracted the attention of human civilizations for centuries, much earlier than the discovery and characterization of their substrate of action, the endocannabinoid system (ECS). The latter is an ensemble of endogenous lipids, their receptors [in particular type-1 (CB1) and type-2 (CB2) cannabinoid receptors] and metabolic enzym...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - November 5, 2014 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Nonlinear vibrational microscopy applied to lipid biology
Publication date: October 2013 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 52, Issue 4 Author(s): Andreas Zumbusch , Wolfgang Langbein , Paola Borri Optical microscopy is an indispensable tool that is driving progress in cell biology. It still is the only practical means of obtaining spatial and temporal resolution within living cells and tissues. Most prominently, fluorescence microscopy based on dye-labeling or protein fusions with fluorescent tags is a highly sensitive and specific method of visualizing biomolecules within sub-cellular structures. It is however severely limited by labeling artifacts, photo-bleachin...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - November 5, 2014 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Lipids of mitochondria
Publication date: October 2013 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 52, Issue 4 Author(s): Susanne E. Horvath , Günther Daum A unique organelle for studying membrane biochemistry is the mitochondrion whose functionality depends on a coordinated supply of proteins and lipids. Mitochondria are capable of synthesizing several lipids autonomously such as phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin and in part phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidic acid and CDP-diacylglycerol. Other mitochondrial membrane lipids such as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, sterols and sphingolipids have to be importe...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - November 5, 2014 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Lipogenesis and lipolysis: The pathways exploited by the cancer cells to acquire fatty acids
Publication date: October 2013 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 52, Issue 4 Author(s): Nousheen Zaidi , Leslie Lupien , Nancy B. Kuemmerle , William B. Kinlaw , Johannes V. Swinnen , Karine Smans One of the most important metabolic hallmarks of cancer cells is enhanced lipogenesis. Depending on the tumor type, tumor cells synthesize up to 95% of saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids (FA) de novo in spite of sufficient dietary lipid supply. This lipogenic conversion starts early when cells become cancerous and further expands as the tumor cells become more malignant. It is suggested that activation o...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - November 5, 2014 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Interaction of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with membranes: In vitro assessment and relevance for their biological actions
Publication date: October 2013 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 52, Issue 4 Author(s): Catarina Pereira-Leite , Cláudia Nunes , Salette Reis Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most commonly used drugs in the world due to their anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties. Nevertheless, the consumption of these drugs is still associated with the occurrence of a wide spectrum of adverse effects. Regarding the major role of membranes in cellular events, the hypothesis that the biological actions of NSAIDs may be related to their effect at the membrane level has triggered th...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - November 5, 2014 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
