Dihydroxylated E,E,Z-Docosatrienes. An Overview of Their Synthesis and Biological Significance
Publication date: Available online 9 November 2015 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Laurence Balas, Thierry Durand Dihydroxylated E,E,Z-docosatrienes are acyclic lipoxygenase metabolites of 22-carbon atom polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) containing a conjugated E,E,Z-triene flanked by two secondary allylic alcohols. The two main metabolites, protectin D1 (PD1) and its regioisomer maresin 1 (MaR1), were shown to be actively involved in the resolution and more specifically the termination of the inflammation process. Studies directed at the synthesis of E,E,Z-docosatrienes have been undertaken to resol...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - November 10, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Functional fluxolipidomics of polyunsaturated fatty acids and oxygenated metabolites in the blood vessel compartment
Publication date: Available online 17 October 2015 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): M. Lagarde, C. Calzada, C. Jouvène, N. Bernoud-Hubac, M. Létisse, M. Guichardant, E. Véricel Synthesis of bioactive oxygenated metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids and their degradation or transformation products are made through multiple enzyme processes. The kinetics of the enzymes responsible for the different steps are known to be quite diverse, although not precisely determined. The location of the metabolites biosynthesis is diverse as well. Also, the biological effects of the primary and seconda...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - October 18, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Function of polar glycerolipids in flower development in Arabidopsis thaliana
Publication date: Available online 28 September 2015 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Yuki Nakamura The flower lipidome is an unexplored frontier of plant lipid research as compared with the major advances in photosynthetic or storage organs. However, ample evidence from recent molecular biological studies suggests that lipids play crucial roles in coordinating flower development rather than being an inert end product of metabolism. This review summarizes the current understanding of the function of glycerolipids in flower development in Arabidopsis thaliana. (Source: Progress in Lipid Research)
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - September 28, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Fatty acid transport proteins in disease: new insights from invertebrate models
Publication date: Available online 28 September 2015 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Pierre Dourlen, Alyson Sujkowski, Robert Wessells, Bertrand Mollereau The dysregulation of lipid metabolism has been implicated in various diseases, including diabetes, cardiopathies, dermopathies, retinal and neurodegenerative diseases. Mouse models have provided insights into lipid metabolism. However, progress in the understanding of these pathologies is hampered by the multiplicity of essential cellular processes and genes that modulate lipid metabolism. Drosophila and C. elegans have emerged as simple genetic ...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - September 28, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Lipid emulsions for parenteral nutrition in critical illness
Publication date: Available online 28 September 2015 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Julie Boisramé-Helms, Florence Toti, Michel Hasselmann, Ferhat Meziani Critical illness is a life-threatening multisystem process that can result in significant morbidity and mortality. In most patients, critical illness is preceded by a physiological deterioration, characterized by a catabolic state and intense metabolic changes, resulting in malnutrition and impaired immune functions. In this context, parenteral lipid emulsions may modulate inflammatory and immune reactions, depending on their fatty acid composi...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - September 28, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Effect of Statin Therapy on Paraoxonase-1 Status: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 25 Clinical Trials
Conclusion The increase of paraoxonase and arylesterase activities with statins is a pleiotropic lipid-independent clinical benefit that may partly explain the putative effects of statins in preventing cardiovascular outcomes. (Source: Progress in Lipid Research)
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - September 28, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Should the pharmacological actions of dietary fatty acids in cardiometabolic disorders be classified based on biological or chemical function?
Publication date: July 2015 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 59 Author(s): Hemant Poudyal, Lindsay Brown Westernised dietary patterns are characterised by an increased intake of saturated (SFA) and trans fat (TFA) and a high n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio. These changes together with increased sugar intake have been implicated in the progression and development of metabolic syndrome. It is now recognised that the type of dietary fat plays a far more significant role in well-being than the absolute amount. This has led to the generalisations that TFA and SFA are detrimental, MUFA is neutral...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - August 6, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase: Function, regulation, and structure of an amphitropic enzyme required for membrane biogenesis
Publication date: July 2015 Source:Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 59 Author(s): Rosemary B. Cornell, Neale D. Ridgway CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCT) catalyzes a rate-limiting and regulated step in the CDP-choline pathway for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and PC-derived lipids. Control of CCT activity is multi-layered, and includes direct regulation by reversible membrane binding involving a built-in lipid compositional sensor. Thus CCT contributes to phospholipid compositional homeostasis. CCT also modifies the curvature of its target membrane. Knowledge of CCT structure and regulatio...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - July 26, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Should the pharmacological actions of dietary fatty acids in cardio-metabolic disorders be classified based on biological or chemical function?
Publication date: Available online 20 July 2015 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Hemant Poudyal, Lindsay Brown Westernised dietary patterns are characterised by an increased intake of saturated (SFA) and trans fat (TFA) and a high n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio. These changes together with increased sugar intake have been implicated in the progression and development of metabolic syndrome. It is now recognised that the type of dietary fat plays a far more significant role in well-being than the absolute amount. This has led to the generalisations that TFA and SFA are detrimental, MUFA a...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - July 21, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
CTP: phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase: Function, Regulation, and Structure of an amphitropic enzyme required for membrane biogenesis
Publication date: Available online 9 July 2015 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Rosemary B. Cornell , Neale D. Ridgway CTP: phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCT) catalyzes a rate-limiting and regulated step in the CDP-choline pathway for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and PC-derived lipids. Control of CCT activity is multi-layered, and includes direct regulation by reversible membrane binding involving a built-in lipid compositional sensor. Thus CCT contributes to phospholipid compositional homeostasis. CCT also modifies the curvature of its target membrane. Knowledge of CCT structure and r...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - July 10, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Understanding the local actions of lipids in bone physiology
Publication date: Available online 26 June 2015 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Alexandrine During , Guillaume Penel , Pierre Hardouin The adult skeleton is a metabolically active organ system that undergoes continuous remodeling to remove old and/or stressed bone (resorption) and replace it with new bone (formation) in order to maintain a constant bone mass and preserve bone strength from micro-damage accumulation. In that remodeling process, cellular balances - adipocytogenesis/ osteoblastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis/ osteoclastogenesis - are critical and tightly controlled by many factors, includi...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - June 26, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and status during pregnancy, lactation, and early childhood on cardiometabolic health: A systematic review
Publication date: Available online 27 May 2015 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Trudy Voortman , Edith H. van den Hooven , Kim V.E. Braun , Marion van den Broek , Wichor M. Bramer , Rajiv Chowdhurry , Oscar H. Franco The importance of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake in fetal life and infancy has been widely studied in relation to child cognitive and visual development, but whether early life PUFA exposure is related to cardiometabolic risk factors is unclear. The focus of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of PUFA dietary intake and blood levels during pregnancy, lactation, o...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - June 17, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Strategies, models and biomarkers in experimental non-alcoholic fatty liver disease research
Publication date: Available online 11 June 2015 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Tigyi Joost Willebrords , Isabel Veloso Alves Pereira , Michaël Maes , Sara Crespo Yanguas , Isabelle Colle , Bert Van Den Bossche , Tereza Cristina Da silva , Cláudia Oliveira , Wellington Andraus , Mathieu Vinken Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease encompasses a spectrum of liver diseases, including simple steatosis, steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis and cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is currently the most dominant chronic liver disease in Western countries due to the fact th...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - June 17, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Insect pheromones: An overview of function, form, and discovery
Publication date: Available online 14 June 2015 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Joanne Y. Yew , Henry Chung For many species of insects, lipid pheromones profoundly influence survival, reproduction, and social organization. Unravelling the chemical language of insects has been the subject of intense research in the field of chemical ecology for the past five decades. Characterizing the forms, functions, and biosynthesis of lipid pheromones has led not only to the development of strategies for controlling agricultural pests but has also provided insights into fundamental questions in evolutionary biology....
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - June 17, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Is docosahexaenoic acid synthesis from α-linolenic acid sufficient to supply the adult brain?
Publication date: Available online 25 April 2015 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Anthony F. Domenichiello , Alex P. Kitson , Richard P. Bazinet Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is important for brain function, and can be obtained directly from the diet or synthesized in the body from α-linolenic acid (ALA). Debate exists as to whether DHA synthesized from ALA can provide sufficient DHA for the adult brain, as measures of DHA synthesis from ingested ALA are typically <1% of the oral ALA dose. However, the primary fate of orally administered ALA is β-oxidation and long-term storage in adipose tissue, s...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - May 21, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
