Fat nucleosome: Role of lipids on chromatin
Publication date: April 2018Source: Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 70Author(s): Vinicius Fernandes, Kaian Teles, Camyla Ribeiro, Werner Treptow, Guilherme SantosAbstractStructural changes in chromatin regulate gene expression and define phenotypic outcomes. Molecules that bind to the nucleosome, the complex of DNA and histone proteins, are key modulators of chromatin structure. Most recently, the formation of condensed chromatin regions based on phase-separation in the cell, a basic physical mechanism, was proposed. Increased understanding of the mechanisms of interaction between chromatin and lipids suggest that small...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - July 5, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Phytosterols and their derivatives: Structural diversity, distribution, metabolism, analysis, and health-promoting uses
Publication date: April 2018Source: Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 70Author(s): Robert A. Moreau, Laura Nyström, Bruce D. Whitaker, Jill K. Winkler-Moser, David J. Baer, Sarah K. Gebauer, Kevin B. HicksAbstractPhytosterols (plant sterols) occur in the cells of all plants. They are important structural components that stabilize the biological membranes of plants. Sterols can occur in the “free” unbound form or they can be covalently bound via an ester or glycosidic bond. Since our previous 2002 review on phytosterols and phytosterol conjugates, phytosterol glucosides have been found to be important structural compo...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - July 5, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
A global perspective on carotenoids: Metabolism, biotechnology, and benefits for nutrition and health
Publication date: April 2018Source: Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 70Author(s): Manuel Rodriguez-Concepcion, Javier Avalos, M. Luisa Bonet, Albert Boronat, Lourdes Gomez-Gomez, Damaso Hornero-Mendez, M. Carmen Limon, Antonio J. Meléndez-Martínez, Begoña Olmedilla-Alonso, Andreu Palou, Joan Ribot, Maria J. Rodrigo, Lorenzo Zacarias, Changfu ZhuAbstractCarotenoids are lipophilic isoprenoid compounds synthesized by all photosynthetic organisms and some non-photosynthetic prokaryotes and fungi. With some notable exceptions, animals (including humans) do not produce carotenoids de novo but take them in their diets. In ph...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - July 5, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
2-Arachidonoylglycerol: A signaling lipid with manifold actions in the brain
Publication date: July 2018Source: Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 71Author(s): Marc P. Baggelaar, Mauro Maccarrone, Mario van der SteltAbstract2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is a signaling lipid in the central nervous system that is a key regulator of neurotransmitter release. 2-AG is an endocannabinoid that activates the cannabinoid CB1 receptor. It is involved in a wide array of (patho)physiological functions, such as emotion, cognition, energy balance, pain sensation and neuroinflammation. In this review, we describe the biosynthetic and metabolic pathways of 2-AG and how chemical and genetic perturbation of these pa...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - July 5, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Sphingolipid hydroxylation in mammals, yeast and plants – An integrated view
Publication date: July 2018Source: Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 71Author(s): Joaquim Trigo Marquês, H. Susana Marinho, Rodrigo F.M. de AlmeidaAbstractThis review is focused on sphingolipid backbone hydroxylation, a small but widespread structural feature with profound impact on membrane biophysical properties. We start by summarizing sphingolipid metabolism in mammalian cells, yeast and plants, focusing on how distinct hydroxylation patterns emerge in different eukaryotic kingdoms. Then, a comparison of the biophysical properties in membrane model systems and cellular membranes from diverse organisms is made. From a...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - July 5, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
The phosphatidic acid paradox: Too many actions for one molecule class? Lessons from plants
Publication date: July 2018Source: Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 71Author(s): Igor Pokotylo, Volodymyr Kravets, Jan Martinec, Eric RuellandAbstractPhosphatidic acid (PA) is a simple phospholipid observed in most organisms. PA acts as a key metabolic intermediate and a second messenger that regulates many cell activities. In plants, PA is involved in numerous cell responses induced by hormones, stress inputs and developmental processes. Interestingly, PA production can be triggered by opposite stressors, such as cold and heat, or by hormones that are considered to be antagonistic, such as abscisic acid and salicylic ac...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - July 5, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
High density lipoprotein cholesterol and cancer: Marker or causative?
Publication date: July 2018Source: Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 71Author(s): Matteo Pirro, Biagio Ricciuti, Daniel J. Rader, Alberico L. Catapano, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Maciej BanachAbstractThe relationship between high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), HDL-cholesterol (HDLC) and cancer incidence and mortality is controversial. Although most studies conducted so far, including well-designed prospective studies and meta-analyses, have revealed a significant inverse association between HDL-C levels and cancer risk, several confounding factors and opposite results showing either a direct or an inverse association between HDL...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - July 5, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Milk lipidomics: What we know and what we don't
Publication date: July 2018Source: Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 71Author(s): Zhiqian Liu, Simone Rochfort, Ben CocksAbstractBovine milk contains 3–5% of fat, of which the dominant portion (about 98%) is in the form of triacylglycerols, whereas polar lipids such as glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids are minor components (0.5–1%) of milk fat. Milk fat is thought to contain several thousand lipid species, making it the most complex material in nature in terms of lipid composition. Significant progress has been made in the past two decades in the identification and quantification of lipid species of milk thanks t...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - July 5, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Contemporary lipidomic analytics: opportunities and pitfalls
Discussion of the main sequences in a lipidomics workflow will be presented, including preparation of samples, accurate quantitation of lipid species and statistical modelling. (Source: Progress in Lipid Research)
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - July 5, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Contemporary lipidomic analytics: opportunities and pitfalls
Discussion of the main sequences in a lipidomics workflow will be presented, including preparation of samples, accurate quantitation of lipid species and statistical modelling. (Source: Progress in Lipid Research)
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - June 28, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Milk lipidomics: What we know and what we don't
Publication date: Available online 20 June 2018 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Zhiqian Liu, Simone Rochfort, Ben Cocks Bovine milk contains 3–5% of fat, of which the dominant portion (about 98%) is in the form of triacylglycerols, whereas polar lipids such as glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids are minor components (0.5–1%) of milk fat. Milk fat is thought to contain several thousand lipid species, making it the most complex material in nature in terms of lipid composition. Significant progress has been made in the past two decades in the identification and quantification of lipid species of milk ...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - June 21, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
High density lipoprotein cholesterol and cancer: Marker or causative?
Publication date: Available online 4 June 2018 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Matteo Pirro, Biagio Ricciuti, Daniel J. Rader, Alberico L. Catapano, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Maciej Banach The relationship between high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), HDL-cholesterol (HDLC) and cancer incidence and mortality is controversial. Although most studies conducted so far, including well-designed prospective studies and meta-analyses, have revealed a significant inverse association between HDL-C levels and cancer risk, several confounding factors and opposite results showing either a direct or an inverse association b...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - June 5, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
The phosphatidic acid paradox: Too many actions for one molecule class? Lessons from plants
Publication date: Available online 26 May 2018 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Igor Pokotylo, Volodymyr Kravets, Jan Martinec, Eric Ruelland Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a simple phospholipid observed in most organisms. PA acts as a key metabolic intermediate and a second messenger that regulates many cell activities. In plants, PA is involved in numerous cell responses induced by hormones, stress inputs and developmental processes. Interestingly, PA production can be triggered by opposite stressors, such as cold and heat, or by hormones that are considered to be antagonistic, such as abscisic acid and sali...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - May 27, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
2-Arachidonoylglycerol: A signaling lipid with manifold actions in the brain
Publication date: Available online 8 May 2018 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Marc P. Baggelaar, Mauro Maccarrone, Mario van der Stelt 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is a signaling lipid in the central nervous system that is a key regulator of neurotransmitter release. 2-AG is an endocannabinoid that activates the cannabinoid CB1 receptor. It is involved in a wide array of (patho)physiological functions, such as emotion, cognition, energy balance, pain sensation and neuroinflammation. In this review, we describe the biosynthetic and metabolic pathways of 2-AG and how chemical and genetic perturbation of th...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - May 9, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Sphingolipid hydroxylation in mammals, yeast and plants – An integrated view
Publication date: Available online 8 May 2018 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Joaquim Trigo Marquês, H. Susana Marinho, Rodrigo Freire Martins de Almeida This review is focused on sphingolipid backbone hydroxylation, a small but widespread structural feature, with profound impact on membrane biophysical properties. We start by summarizing sphingolipid metabolism in mammalian cells, yeast and plants, focusing on how distinct hydroxylation patterns emerge in different eukaryotic kingdoms. Then, a comparison of the biophysical properties in membrane model systems and cellular membranes from diverse organism...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - May 9, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
