Epigenetic mechanisms in alcohol- and adversity-induced developmental origins of neurobehavioral functioning
Publication date: Available online 2 January 2018 Source:Neurotoxicology and Teratology Author(s): K.E. Boschen, S.M. Keller, T.L. Roth, A.Y. Klintsova The long-term effects of developmental alcohol and stress exposure are well documented in both humans and non-human animal models. Damage to the brain and attendant life-long impairments in cognition and increased risk for psychiatric disorders are debilitating consequences of developmental exposure to alcohol and/or psychosocial stress. Here we discuss evidence for a role of epigenetic mechanisms in mediating these consequences. While we highlight some of the common ...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - January 2, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Periconceptional folate deficiency leads to autism-like traits in Wistar rat offspring
Conclusion Maternal periconceptional deficit in folate provokes alterations in the behavior of offspring relevant to the autistic-like phenotype. (Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology)
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - January 2, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Abstinence following toluene exposure increases anxiety-like behavior in mice
Publication date: Available online 29 December 2017 Source:Neurotoxicology and Teratology Author(s): Scott E. Bowen, John H. Hannigan, Cameron J. Davidson, Sean P. Callan The intentional misuse of volatile solvents like toluene is a persistent public health concern. Limited clinical data suggest that chronic inhalant abusers may experience signs of withdrawal, including anxiety. Behavioral withdrawal from toluene has not been examined in a preclinical model. In the current study, young adult male Swiss Webster mice were exposed to either 5000-ppm toluene vapor or air (0ppm) for 30min or 24h. Mice were tested in a bat...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - December 29, 2017 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Prenatal phthalate exposure and language development in toddlers from the Odense Child Cohort
Conclusions Our findings are notable, as adverse associations were suggested even in this low-level exposed population, with only one spot urine sample for exposure assessment and control for confounders. Lower scores in early language development are of relevance to health as this test predicts later educational success. (Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology)
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - December 16, 2017 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Epigenetic mechanisms in developmental neurotoxicity
Publication date: Available online 6 December 2017 Source:Neurotoxicology and Teratology Author(s): M. Raciti, S. Ceccatelli The constant interplay between environment (including both exogenous and endogenous factors) and epigenome (defined as the combination of chromatin, its covalent modifications and noncoding RNAs) triggers epigenetic events that, by modulating gene expression, capture information about changes in the environment. In this mini review, we will focus on the neurodevelopmental implications of exposure to adverse prenatal milieu with emphasis on mechanistic and functional aspects. Several neurotoxic in...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - December 16, 2017 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Mechanistic studies on ketamine-induced mitochondrial toxicity in zebrafish embryos
This study offers evidence for a potential mechanism by which ketamine could cause ATP deficiency mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction. (Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology)
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - December 16, 2017 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Developmental dynamics of the epigenome: A longitudinal study of three toddlers
Publication date: Available online 13 December 2017 Source:Neurotoxicology and Teratology Author(s): Oxana Yu. Naumova, Mary Dozier, Pavel V. Dobrynin, Kirill Grigorev, Allison Wallin, Ida Jeltova, Maria Lee, Adam Raefski, Elena L. Grigorenko Epigenetic regulation plays an important role in development, at the embryonic stages and later during the lifespan. Some epigenetic marks are highly conserved throughout the lifespan whereas others are closely associated with specific age periods and/or particular environmental factors. Little is known about the dynamics of epigenetic regulation during childhood, especiall...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - December 16, 2017 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Adaptation or pathology? The role of prenatal stressor type and intensity in the developmental programing of adult phenotype
Publication date: Available online 13 December 2017 Source:Neurotoxicology and Teratology Author(s): Sophie St-Cyr, Patrick O. McGowan The mother is the major interface between the offspring and its prenatal environment. Prenatal toxins and stress-inducing physical agents are important factors programming the developmental trajectory of mammals that likely involve epigenetic modifications. However, prenatal stressors commonly-used in the laboratory (e.g. prenatal restraint stress and prenatal chronic variable stress) are typically administered at high intensities. These exposures typically lead to pathological phenotyp...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - December 16, 2017 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
High-sensitivity quantitative analysis reveals the non-linear relationship between the dose and deposition of diphenylarsinic acid in the rat central nervous system following its subchronic exposure
Publication date: January–February 2018 Source:Neurotoxicology and Teratology, Volume 65 Author(s): Tomoyuki Masuda, Kazuhiro Ishii, Tomohiro Nakayama, Nobuaki Iwasaki, Yasuyuki Shibata, Akira Tamaoka In the year 2003, the residents of Kamisu, Japan, were exposed to pentavalent organic arsenic diphenylarsinic acid (DPAA[V]) via their normal drinking water. Following the exposure, they developed cerebellar and brainstem symptoms. Although the relatively high dose of DPAA(V) is assumed to have caused their symptoms, the relationship between the exposed dose of DPAA(V) and the level of their deposition in the centra...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - December 16, 2017 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Emulsified isoflurane induces release of cytochrome C in human neuroblastoma SHSY-5Y cells via JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinases) signaling pathway
Publication date: January–February 2018 Source:Neurotoxicology and Teratology, Volume 65 Author(s): Zeyong Yang, Jingjing Lv, Xianfu Lu, Xingxing Li, Xiaohu An, Jianwei Wang, Hao Weng, Yuanhai Li A large number of studies have demonstrated that inhalation anesthetic isoflurane induced neural cell death by apoptosis in various cell and animal models. Emulsified isoflurane (EIso) is a new type of intravenous preparation of isoflurane that attracts increasing research attention as a promising clinical agent due to its both advantages as an intravenous and inhalation anesthetics medication. However, its safety and ...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - December 16, 2017 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Arsenic exposure during embryonic development alters the expression of the long noncoding RNA growth arrest specific-5 (Gas5) in a sex-dependent manner
Publication date: Available online 11 November 2017 Source:Neurotoxicology and Teratology Author(s): Kevin K. Caldwell, Alexander Hafez, Elizabeth Solomon, Matthew Cunningham, Andrea M. Allan Our previous studies suggest that prenatal arsenic exposure (50ppb) modifies epigenetic control of the programming of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling system in the developing mouse brain. These deficits may lead to long-lasting consequences, including deficits in learning and memory, increased depressive-like behaviors, and an altered set-point of GR feedback throughout life. To understand the arsenic-induced changes...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - November 11, 2017 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Neuropsychological functioning in military pesticide applicators from the Gulf War: Effects on information processing speed, attention and visual memory
This study was undertaken to address one of the key recommendations of the US Department of Defense Environmental Exposure Report on Pesticides, which was to conduct an epidemiological study to further evaluate the role of neurotoxicant exposures in the expression of central nervous system symptoms reported by GW veterans. This study evaluated the role of pesticides and/or PB in the development of chronic neuropsychological dysfunction in GW veterans. We examined the associations between self-reported measures of pesticide and PB exposures and performance on neuropsychological tests in a group of 159 GW-deployed preventati...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - November 9, 2017 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Adenosine deaminase activity and gene expression patterns are altered after chronic ethanol exposure in zebrafish brain
Publication date: Available online 7 November 2017 Source:Neurotoxicology and Teratology Author(s): Eduardo Pacheco Rico, Denis Broock Rosemberg, Jotele Fontana Agostini Berteli, Andrei da Silveira Langoni, André Arigony Souto, Maurício Reis Bogo, Carla Denise Bonan, Diogo Onofre Souza Ethanol alters the homeostasis between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters and its intoxication reveals adenosine as responsible to modify several responses including signal transduction. Zebrafish has been recently investigated for knowledge the prolonged effect of ethanol on behavioral and biochemical parameters. The ai...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - November 7, 2017 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Cluster analysis profiling of behaviors in zebrafish larvae treated with antidepressants and pesticides
Publication date: Available online 31 October 2017 Source:Neurotoxicology and Teratology Author(s): Holly Richendrfer, Robbert Creton Antidepressants are used by a substantial number of women in their childbearing years. Treatment may continue during pregnancy, since untreated depression poses a risk to the mother and child. However, many antidepressants readily pass through the placental barrier to reach the fetus or may be ingested by the newborn via breastmilk. Little is known about the effects of antidepressants on brain development and subsequent behavior in young children. In the current study, we used zebrafish ...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - November 1, 2017 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Long-term effects of prenatal drug exposure on the neural correlates of memory at encoding and retrieval
The objective of the current study was to examine what stage of memory (encoding or retrieval) may be compromised in adolescents with a history of prenatal drug exposure (PDE) and how the effects of PDE on memory ability are substantiated at the neural level. To achieve this goal, we examined memory performance and associated brain activations in adolescents with and without a history of PDE via event-related fMRI during encoding and retrieval. Consistent with previous studies, we found that PDE subjects remembered fewer items than community comparison subjects. However, there were no differences in behavior after adjustin...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - October 29, 2017 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
