In vitro protective activity of South Australian marine sponge and macroalgae extracts against amyloid beta (A β1–42) induced neurotoxicity in PC-12 cells
This study aimed to evaluate the potential neuroprotective activity of extracts from these two marine sources by reducing the toxicity of human amyloid beta Aβ1–42 in a cell model assay using PC-12 cells. A total of 92 extracts (43, 13, 16, and 20 extracts from sponge of 8 orders and 17 families, green algae of 3 orders and 4 families, brown algae of 6 orders and 8 families, and red algae of 5 orders and 10 families, respectively) were initially screened at three different concentrations (0.25, 2.5 and 25 μg/ml) to evaluate their toxicity using the MTT assay. About half of these extracts (26, 6, 5, and 10 extracts fr...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - May 25, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Quantitative assessment of cypermethrin induced behavioural and biochemical anomalies in adult zebrafish
Publication date: Available online 23 May 2018 Source:Neurotoxicology and Teratology Author(s): Shubham Nema, Yogesh Bhargava Cypermethrin is one of the top five pesticides used globally. Although the effect of cypermethrin on the embryonic stages of zebrafish is well characterized, its toxic effect on the behaviour of adult zebrafish is largely unknown. Here we used videogram and automated tracking approach to quantitatively assess behavioural toxicity induced by the short exposure of cypermethrin to adult zebrafish. We observed that cypermethrin at 25 ppb level induced behavioural toxicity in adult zebrafish. Motor...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - May 25, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Prenatal exposure to tobacco and cannabis: Effects on autonomic and emotion regulation
We examined a conceptual model linking prenatal exposure to toddler regulation via these two pathways in a prospective sample (N = 247) of mother-child dyads recruited in the first trimester of pregnancy. Results indicated significant effects of co-exposure on poor autonomic regulation in infancy, which in turn predicted poor toddler emotion regulation. Mothers who used both tobacco and cannabis displayed lower sensitivity during play interactions with their infants. Maternal sensitivity was modestly stable from infant to toddler period and was predictive of higher toddler emotion regulation. Continued postnatal exposu...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - May 25, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Repeated toluene exposure increases the excitability of layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the prefrontal cortex of adolescent rats
Publication date: July–August 2018 Source:Neurotoxicology and Teratology, Volume 68 Author(s): Monserrat Armenta-Resendiz, Silvia L. Cruz, Emilio J. Galván Despite serious health effects, volatile industrial products containing toluene are deliberately inhaled for their psychoactive actions, mainly among adolescents and young adults. Chronic toluene inhalation induces multiple alterations at the cellular and behavioral level; however, modifications of neuronal networks associated with the reward system after repeated toluene exposure are not thoroughly characterized. Here we used whole-cell recordings to determine ...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - May 25, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Effects of low-level sarin and cyclosarin exposure on hippocampal microstructure in Gulf War Veterans
We examined fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and grey matter (GM) density from a hippocampal region of interest (ROI). Results indicate that, even after accounting for total hippocampal GM density (or hippocampal volume), age, sex, apolipoprotein ε4 genotype, and potential confounding OP pesticide exposures, hippocampal MD significantly predicted Khamisiyah exposure status (model p = 0.005, R 2 = 0.215, standardized coefficient β = 0.26, t = 2.85). Hippocampal MD was also inversely correlated with verbal memory learning performance in the entire study sample (p = 0.001). There were n...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - May 25, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Neuroanatomical characteristics of youths with prenatal opioid and poly-drug exposure
Publication date: July–August 2018 Source:Neurotoxicology and Teratology, Volume 68 Author(s): Egil Nygaard, Kari Slinning, Vibeke Moe, Paulina Due-Tønnessen, Anders Fjell, Kristine B. Walhovd Neuroanatomical and cognitive differences have been documented during childhood between children with prenatal opioid- and poly-drug exposure and controls in small samples. We investigated whether these differences persisted in larger samples of youth at older ages. Quantitative MRI and cognitive data were compared between 38 youths in the risk group and 44 youths in the non-exposed group (aged 17 to 22 years) who had be...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - May 25, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
N-acetylcysteine inhibits Mancozeb-induced impairments to the normal development of zebrafish embryos
Publication date: Available online 14 April 2018 Source:Neurotoxicology and Teratology Author(s): Dennis Guilherme Costa-Silva, Luana Paganotto Leandro, Pratícia Brum Vieira, Nelson Rodrigues de Carvalho, Andressa Rubim Lopes, Lucia Emanueli Schimith, Mauro Eugênio Medina Nunes, Renata Siqueira de Mello, Illana Kemmerich Martins, Adriano Alves de Paula, Andrés Delgado Cañedo, José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira, Thais Posser, Jeferson Luis Franco Mancozeb (MZ), a manganese/zinc-containing ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate (EBCD) fungicide has been claimed to present low acute toxicity and short environmental pers...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - April 14, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Glyphosate based- herbicide exposure affects gut microbiota, anxiety and depression-like behaviors in mice
In this study, we investigated the toxic effects of GBH on GM and its subsequent effects on the neurobehavioral functions in mice following acute, subchronic and chronic exposure to 250 or 500 mg/kg/day. The effect of these acute and repeated treatments was assessed at the behavioral level using the open field, the elevated plus maze, the tail suspension and splash tests. Then, mice were sacrificed and the intestinal samples were collected for GM analysis. Subchronic and chronic exposure to GBH induced an increase of anxiety and depression-like behaviors. In addition, GBH significantly altered the GM composition in terms...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - April 8, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Developmental manganese, lead, and barren cage exposure have adverse long-term neurocognitive, behavioral and monoamine effects in Sprague-Dawley rats
Publication date: Available online 7 April 2018 Source:Neurotoxicology and Teratology Author(s): Jenna L.N. Sprowles, Robyn Amos-Kroohs, Amanda A. Braun, Chiho Sugimoto, Charles V. Vorhees, Michael T. Williams Developmental stress, including low socioeconomic status (SES), can induce dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and result in long-term changes in stress reactivity. Children in lower SES households experience more stress and are more likely to be exposed to environmental neurotoxins such as lead (Pb) and manganese (Mn) than children in higher SES households. Co-exposure to stress, Pb, and...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - April 8, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Prenatal and postnatal cigarette and cannabis exposure: Effects on Secretory Immunoglobulin A in early childhood
Conclusions Prenatal and postnatal exposure to cigarette and cannabis may be associated with hyperactivity of mucosal immunity in early childhood. Links between cigarette and cannabis exposure and health problems in early childhood may be partially explained by prenatal and postnatal exposure-related changes in mucosal immunity. (Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology)
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - March 27, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Acrylamide applied during pregnancy causes the neurotoxic effect by lowering BDNF levels in the fetal brain
Conclusion Our study indicated that acrylamide has toxic effects in the fetal brain and N-acetylcysteine prevents its toxic effect. (Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology)
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - March 25, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Perfluorooctane sulfonate mediates secretion of IL-1 β through PI3K/AKT NF-кB pathway in astrocytes
In this study, we showed that PFOS triggered reactive astrocytosis in time- and dose-dependent manners. The low-doses of PFOS increased the cell number and the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a well-known hallmark of reactive astrocytes, in C6 astrocyte cells. ELISA and RT-PCR analysis showed that PFOS promoted the expression and secretion of Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in dose- and time-dependent manners. Furthermore, PFOS exposure could induce the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα, and the translocation of NF-κB p65 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in C6 glioma cell line. Thus, the NF-кB ...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - March 23, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Developmental exposure to an organophosphate flame retardant alters later behavioral responses to dopamine antagonism in zebrafish larvae
Publication date: Available online 17 March 2018 Source:Neurotoxicology and Teratology Author(s): Anthony N. Oliveri, Erica Ortiz, Edward D. Levin Human exposure to organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) is widespread, including pregnant women and young children with whom developmental neurotoxic risk is a concern. Given similarities of OPFRs to organophosphate (OP) pesticides, research into the possible neurotoxic impacts of developmental OPFR exposure has been growing. Building upon research implicating exposure to OP pesticides in dopaminergic (DA) dysfunction, we exposed developing zebrafish to the OPFR tris(1,3...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - March 19, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Positive parenting behaviors in women who spontaneously quit smoking during pregnancy: Clues to putative targets for preventive interventions
Conclusions Putative protective characteristics in spontaneous quitters were captured in mother-child interactions at home, but not in lab-based and maternal report measures of responsiveness. Specification of these characteristics using prospective designs that oversample for spontaneous quitters is recommended to enable translation to preventive interventions. (Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology)
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - March 7, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Editor-in-Chief “Changing of the Guard” Editorial
Publication date: January–February 2018 Source:Neurotoxicology and Teratology, Volume 65 Author(s): Philip J. Bushnell, Gale A. Richardson (Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology)
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - March 4, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
