Quantitative assessment of cypermethrin induced behavioural and biochemical anomalies in adult zebrafish
Publication date: July–August 2018Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology, Volume 68Author(s): Shubham Nema, Yogesh BhargavaAbstractCypermethrin is one of the top five pesticides used globally. Although the effect of cypermethrin on the embryonic stages of zebrafish is well characterized, its toxic effect on the behaviour of adult zebrafish is largely unknown. Here we used videogram and automated tracking approach to quantitatively assess behavioural toxicity induced by the short exposure of cypermethrin to adult zebrafish. We observed that cypermethrin at 25 ppb level induced behavioural toxicity in adult zebrafish. Mo...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - July 11, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
In vitro protective activity of South Australian marine sponge and macroalgae extracts against amyloid beta (Aβ1–42) induced neurotoxicity in PC-12 cells
This study aimed to evaluate the potential neuroprotective activity of extracts from these two marine sources by reducing the toxicity of human amyloid beta Aβ1–42 in a cell model assay using PC-12 cells. A total of 92 extracts (43, 13, 16, and 20 extracts from sponge of 8 orders and 17 families, green algae of 3 orders and 4 families, brown algae of 6 orders and 8 families, and red algae of 5 orders and 10 families, respectively) were initially screened at three different concentrations (0.25, 2.5 and 25 μg/mL) to evaluate their toxicity using the MTT assay. About half of these extracts (26, 6, 5, and 10 extracts fr...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - July 11, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Transport of a manganese/zinc ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate fungicide may involve pre-synaptic dopaminergic transporters
Publication date: July–August 2018Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology, Volume 68Author(s): Kara Montgomery, Caleb Corona, Rebekah Frye, Reid Barnett, Andrew Bailey, Vanessa A. FitsanakisAbstractMancozeb (MZ), an organic-metal fungicide used predominantly on vegetables and fruits, has been linked to neurodegeneration and behavioral disruptions in a variety of organisms, including humans. Both γ-aminobutyric acid and dopamine neurons appear to be more vulnerable to MZ exposure than other neuronal populations. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that MZ may be differentially transported into these cells through...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - July 11, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Short exposure to low concentrations of alcohol during embryonic development has only subtle and strain- dependent effect on the levels of five amino acid neurotransmitters in zebrafish
Publication date: July–August 2018Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology, Volume 68Author(s): Samantha Mahabir, Diptendu Chatterjee, Robert GerlaiAbstractThe zebrafish has been successfully employed to model and study the effects of embryonic alcohol exposure. Short exposure to low alcohol concentrations during embryonic development has been shown to significantly disrupt social behavior as well as the dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems in zebrafish. However, analysis of potential effects of embryonic alcohol exposure on other amino acid neurotransmitter systems has not been performed. Here we analyzed neurochemical...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - July 11, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Prevalence and associated birth outcomes of co-use of Cannabis and tobacco cigarettes during pregnancy
Publication date: July–August 2018Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology, Volume 68Author(s): Victoria H. Coleman-Cowger, Emmanuel A. Oga, Erica N. Peters, Katrina MarkAbstractUse of Cannabis and use of tobacco overlap, and co-use of Cannabis and tobacco has increased over the past decade among adults. The current study aims to document the prevalence and correlates of co-use of Cannabis and tobacco cigarettes among adult pregnant women utilizing secondary data from a larger study that compared and validated screeners for illicit and prescription drug use during pregnancy. Pregnant women (N = 500; 71% African America...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - July 11, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Additive drug-specific and sex-specific risks associated with co-use of marijuana and tobacco during pregnancy: Evidence from 3 recent developmental cohorts (2003–2015)
ConclusionsIn this sample, intrauterine co-exposure to MJ and TOB was associated with an estimated 18% reduction in birth weight not attributable to earlier delivery, exposure to ALC or OTH drugs, nor to maternal SES. We found evidence for greater susceptibility of male fetuses to any prenatal MJ exposure. Examination of dose-dependence in relationships found in this study, using continuous measures of exposure, is an important next step. Finally, we underscore the need to consider (a) the potential moderating influence of fetal sex on exposure-related neurodevelopmental risks; and (b) the importance of quantifying express...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - July 11, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
An examination of the association between prenatal cocaine exposure and brain activation measures of arousal and attention in young adults: An fMRI study using the Attention Network Task
This study used the theoretical model proposed by Posner and Peterson (1990), which posits three dissociable components of attention: alerting, orienting, and executive attention. Subjects completed a functional MRI (fMRI) scan while performing the Attention Network Task, a validated neuroimaging measure of the 3-network model of attention. Behavioral and fMRI data revealed no associations between PCE and task accuracy, speed of processing, or activation in key brain regions associated with each of the attention networks. The results of this study show that any subtle differences in brain function associated with PCE are n...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - July 11, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Effect of repeated juvenile exposure to Δ9‑tetrahydrocannabinol on anxiety-related behavior and social interactions in adolescent rats
Publication date: September–October 2018Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology, Volume 69Author(s): Afzaal N. Mohammed, Navatha Alugubelly, Barbara L. Kaplan, Russell L. CarrAbstractThe gestational and adolescent periods are critically important for brain development and exposure to Δ9‑tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) during these periods results in long term behavioral and biochemical abnormalities in laboratory animals. However, recent reports indicate a dramatic rise in oral Δ9-THC exposure in young children but the effects of this exposure scenario have not been adequately investigated. Using a model designed to mi...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - July 11, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Cluster analysis profiling of behaviors in zebrafish larvae treated with antidepressants and pesticides
Publication date: Available online 31 October 2017Source: Neurotoxicology and TeratologyAuthor(s): Holly Richendrfer, Robbert CretonAbstractAntidepressants are used by a substantial number of women in their childbearing years. Treatment may continue during pregnancy, since untreated depression poses a risk to the mother and child. However, many antidepressants readily pass through the placental barrier to reach the fetus or may be ingested by the newborn via breastmilk. Little is known about the effects of antidepressants on brain development and subsequent behavior in young children. In the current study, we used zebrafis...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - July 5, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Mechanistic studies on ketamine-induced mitochondrial toxicity in zebrafish embryos
This study offers evidence for a potential mechanism by which ketamine could cause ATP deficiency mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction. (Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology)
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - July 5, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Corrigendum to “Neonatal inhibition of Na+-K+-2Cl−-cotransporter prevents ketamine induced spatial learning and memory impairments” [Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 60 (2017) 82–86]
Publication date: Available online 2 January 2018Source: Neurotoxicology and TeratologyAuthor(s): Ryan A. Stevens, Brandon D. Butler, Saurabh S. Kokane, Andrew W. Womack, Qing Lin (Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology)
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - July 5, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
S-adenosyl methionine prevents ASD like behaviors triggered by early postnatal valproic acid exposure in very young mice
ConclusionsEarly postnatal VPA administration induces ASD like behavior that is more severe in males, while the redox status changes are more severe in females; SAM corrects both. VPA-induced ASD seems to result from epigenetic changes, while the redox status changes may be secondary. (Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology)
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - July 5, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Prenatal substance exposure and offspring development: Does DNA methylation play a role?
Publication date: Available online 16 February 2018Source: Neurotoxicology and TeratologyAuthor(s): Valerie S. Knopik, Kristine Marceau, L. Cinnamon Bidwell, Emily RolanAbstractThe period of in utero development is one of the most critical windows during which adverse conditions and exposures may influence the growth and development of the fetus as well as its future postnatal health and behavior. Maternal substance use during pregnancy remains a relatively common but nonetheless hazardous in utero exposure. For example, previous epidemiological studies have associated prenatal substance exposure with reduced birth weight,...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - July 5, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Toxic stress history and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in a social stress task: Genetic and epigenetic factors
Publication date: Available online 21 February 2018Source: Neurotoxicology and TeratologyAuthor(s): Hannah E. Lapp, Sarah Ahmed, Celia L. Moore, Richard G. HunterAbstractHistories of early life stress (ELS) or social discrimination can reach levels of severity characterized as toxic to mental and physical health. Such toxic social stress during development has been linked to altered acute hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) response to social stress in adulthood. However, there are important individual differences in the size and direction of these effects. We explored developmental, genetic, epigenetic, and contextual so...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - July 5, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Glyphosate based- herbicide exposure affects gut microbiota, anxiety and depression-like behaviors in mice
In this study, we investigated the toxic effects of GBH on GM and its subsequent effects on the neurobehavioral functions in mice following acute, subchronic and chronic exposure to 250 or 500 mg/kg/day.The effect of these acute and repeated treatments was assessed at the behavioral level using the open field, the elevated plus maze, the tail suspension and splash tests. Then, mice were sacrificed and the intestinal samples were collected for GM analysis.Subchronic and chronic exposure to GBH induced an increase of anxiety and depression-like behaviors. In addition, GBH significantly altered the GM composition in terms o...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - July 5, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
