Repeated toluene exposure increases the excitability of layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the prefrontal cortex of adolescent rats
Publication date: July–August 2018Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology, Volume 68Author(s): Monserrat Armenta-Resendiz, Silvia L. Cruz, Emilio J. GalvánAbstractDespite serious health effects, volatile industrial products containing toluene are deliberately inhaled for their psychoactive actions, mainly among adolescents and young adults. Chronic toluene inhalation induces multiple alterations at the cellular and behavioral level; however, modifications of neuronal networks associated with the reward system after repeated toluene exposure are not thoroughly characterized. Here we used whole-cell recordings to determine...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - July 5, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Short exposure to low concentrations of alcohol during embryonic development has only subtle and strain- dependent effect on the levels of five amino acid neurotransmitters in zebrafish
Publication date: July–August 2018Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology, Volume 68Author(s): Samantha Mahabir, Diptendu Chatterjee, Robert GerlaiAbstractThe zebrafish has been successfully employed to model and study the effects of embryonic alcohol exposure. Short exposure to low alcohol concentrations during embryonic development has been shown to significantly disrupt social behavior as well as the dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems in zebrafish. However, analysis of potential effects of embryonic alcohol exposure on other amino acid neurotransmitter systems has not been performed. Here we analyzed neurochemical...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - July 5, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Prenatal exposure to tobacco and cannabis: Effects on autonomic and emotion regulation
We examined a conceptual model linking prenatal exposure to toddler regulation via these two pathways in a prospective sample (N = 247) of mother-child dyads recruited in the first trimester of pregnancy. Results indicated significant effects of co-exposure on poor autonomic regulation in infancy, which in turn predicted poor toddler emotion regulation. Mothers who used both tobacco and cannabis displayed lower sensitivity during play interactions with their infants. Maternal sensitivity was modestly stable from infant to toddler period and was predictive of higher toddler emotion regulation. Continued postnatal exposu...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - July 5, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Quantitative assessment of cypermethrin induced behavioural and biochemical anomalies in adult zebrafish
Publication date: July–August 2018Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology, Volume 68Author(s): Shubham Nema, Yogesh BhargavaAbstractCypermethrin is one of the top five pesticides used globally. Although the effect of cypermethrin on the embryonic stages of zebrafish is well characterized, its toxic effect on the behaviour of adult zebrafish is largely unknown. Here we used videogram and automated tracking approach to quantitatively assess behavioural toxicity induced by the short exposure of cypermethrin to adult zebrafish. We observed that cypermethrin at 25 ppb level induced behavioural toxicity in adult zebrafish. Mo...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - July 5, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
In vitro protective activity of South Australian marine sponge and macroalgae extracts against amyloid beta (Aβ1–42) induced neurotoxicity in PC-12 cells
This study aimed to evaluate the potential neuroprotective activity of extracts from these two marine sources by reducing the toxicity of human amyloid beta Aβ1–42 in a cell model assay using PC-12 cells. A total of 92 extracts (43, 13, 16, and 20 extracts from sponge of 8 orders and 17 families, green algae of 3 orders and 4 families, brown algae of 6 orders and 8 families, and red algae of 5 orders and 10 families, respectively) were initially screened at three different concentrations (0.25, 2.5 and 25 μg/mL) to evaluate their toxicity using the MTT assay. About half of these extracts (26, 6, 5, and 10 extracts fr...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - July 5, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Transport of a manganese/zinc ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate fungicide may involve pre-synaptic dopaminergic transporters
Publication date: July–August 2018Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology, Volume 68Author(s): Kara Montgomery, Caleb Corona, Rebekah Frye, Reid Barnett, Andrew Bailey, Vanessa A. FitsanakisAbstractMancozeb (MZ), an organic-metal fungicide used predominantly on vegetables and fruits, has been linked to neurodegeneration and behavioral disruptions in a variety of organisms, including humans. Both γ-aminobutyric acid and dopamine neurons appear to be more vulnerable to MZ exposure than other neuronal populations. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that MZ may be differentially transported into these cells through...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - July 5, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Additive drug-specific and sex-specific risks associated with co-use of marijuana and tobacco during pregnancy: Evidence from 3 recent developmental cohorts (2003–2015)
ConclusionsIn this sample, intrauterine co-exposure to MJ and TOB was associated with an estimated 18% reduction in birth weight not attributable to earlier delivery, exposure to ALC or OTH drugs, nor to maternal SES. We found evidence for greater susceptibility of male fetuses to any prenatal MJ exposure. Examination of dose-dependence in relationships found in this study, using continuous measures of exposure, is an important next step. Finally, we underscore the need to consider (a) the potential moderating influence of fetal sex on exposure-related neurodevelopmental risks; and (b) the importance of quantifying express...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - July 5, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Effects of low-level sarin and cyclosarin exposure on hippocampal microstructure in Gulf War Veterans
We examined fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and grey matter (GM) density from a hippocampal region of interest (ROI). Results indicate that, even after accounting for total hippocampal GM density (or hippocampal volume), age, sex, apolipoprotein ε4 genotype, and potential confounding OP pesticide exposures, hippocampal MD significantly predicted Khamisiyah exposure status (model p = 0.005, R2 = 0.215, standardized coefficient β = 0.26, t = 2.85). Hippocampal MD was also inversely correlated with verbal memory learning performance in the entire study sample (p = 0.001). There were no...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - July 5, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
An examination of the association between prenatal cocaine exposure and brain activation measures of arousal and attention in young adults: An fMRI study using the Attention Network Task
This study used the theoretical model proposed by Posner and Peterson (1990), which posits three dissociable components of attention: alerting, orienting, and executive attention. Subjects completed a functional MRI (fMRI) scan while performing the Attention Network Task, a validated neuroimaging measure of the 3-network model of attention. Behavioral and fMRI data revealed no associations between PCE and task accuracy, speed of processing, or activation in key brain regions associated with each of the attention networks. The results of this study show that any subtle differences in brain function associated with PCE are n...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - June 26, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Effect of repeated juvenile exposure to Δ9‑tetrahydrocannabinol on anxiety-related behavior and social interactions in adolescent rats
Publication date: Available online 21 June 2018 Source:Neurotoxicology and Teratology Author(s): Afzaal N. Mohammed, Navatha Alugubelly, Barbara L. Kaplan, Russell L. Carr The gestational and adolescent periods are critically important for brain development and exposure to Δ9‑tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) during these periods results in long term behavioral and biochemical abnormalities in laboratory animals. However, recent reports indicate a dramatic rise in oral Δ9-THC exposure in young children but the effects of this exposure scenario have not been adequately investigated. Using a model designed to mimic ch...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - June 22, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Additive drug-specific and sex-specific risks associated with co-use of marijuana and tobacco during pregnancy: Evidence from 3 recent developmental cohorts (2003 –2015)
Conclusions In this sample, intrauterine co-exposure to MJ and TOB was associated with an estimated 18% reduction in birth weight not attributable to earlier delivery, exposure to ALC or OTH drugs, nor to maternal SES. We found evidence for greater susceptibility of male fetuses to any prenatal MJ exposure. Examination of dose-dependence in relationships found in this study, using continuous measures of exposure, is an important next step. Finally, we underscore the need to consider (a) the potential moderating influence of fetal sex on exposure-related neurodevelopmental risks; and (b) the importance of quantifying expres...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - June 7, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Short exposure to low concentrations of alcohol during embryonic development has only subtle and strain- dependent effect on the levels of five amino acid neurotransmitters in zebrafish
Publication date: Available online 7 June 2018 Source:Neurotoxicology and Teratology Author(s): Samantha Mahabir, Diptendu Chatterjee, Robert Gerlai The zebrafish has been successfully employed to model and study the effects of embryonic alcohol exposure. Short exposure to low alcohol concentrations during embryonic development has been shown to significantly disrupt social behavior as well as the dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems in zebrafish. However, analysis of potential effects of embryonic alcohol exposure on other amino acid neurotransmitter systems has not been performed. Here we analyzed neurochemicals ...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - June 7, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Prevalence and associated birth outcomes of co-use of Cannabis and tobacco cigarettes during pregnancy
Publication date: Available online 5 June 2018 Source:Neurotoxicology and Teratology Author(s): Victoria H. Coleman-Cowger, Emmanuel Oga, Erica N. Peters, Katrina Mark Use of Cannabis and use of tobacco overlap, and co-use of Cannabis and tobacco has increased over the past decade among adults. The current study aims to document the prevalence and correlates of co-use of Cannabis and tobacco cigarettes among adult pregnant women utilizing secondary data from a larger study that compared and validated screeners for illicit and prescription drug use during pregnancy. Pregnant women (N = 500; 71% African American; 6...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - June 6, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Transport of a manganese/zinc ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate fungicide may involve pre-synaptic dopaminergic transporters
Publication date: Available online 26 May 2018 Source:Neurotoxicology and Teratology Author(s): Kara Montgomery, Caleb Corona, Rebekah Frye, Reid Barnett, Andrew Bailey, Vanessa A. Fitsanakis Mancozeb (MZ), an organic-metal fungicide used predominantly on vegetables and fruits, has been linked to neurodegeneration and behavioral disruptions in a variety of organisms, including humans. Both γ-aminobutyric acid and dopamine neurons appear to be more vulnerable to MZ exposure than other neuronal populations. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that MZ may be differentially transported into these cells throug...
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - May 26, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
42nd annual meeting of the developmental neurotoxicology society
Publication date: Available online 25 April 2018 Source:Neurotoxicology and Teratology (Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology)
Source: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - May 25, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
