Sleep: Ever-decreasing ripples
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 19, 184 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2018.27
Author: Sian Lewis
Hippocampal synapses undergo homeostatic rebalancing during sleep by a mechanism that might involve sharp-wave–ripples (SWRs). Here, a closed-loop system was devised in which onset of a SWR triggered optogenetic silencing of the hippocampal pyramidal neurons that generate SWRs. SWR silencing in mice abolished spontaneous synaptic (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - March 8, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sian Lewis Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Cell biology of the neuron: Untangling the ubiquitin – proteasome system
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 19, 184 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2018.26
Author: Sian Lewis
The most common genetic cause of amytrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia is an expanded CCCCGG repeat in C9ORF72, which results in aggregates containing poly-Gly-Ala (poly-GA). Here, cryo-electron tomography of rat primary cultured neurons transfected to express poly-GA tagged with green fluorescent protein revealed (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - March 8, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sian Lewis Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Spatial processing: Directional dilemmas
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 19, 184 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2018.25
Author: Sian Lewis
A new behavioural paradigm has been devised to study spatial navigation in rodents. The honeycomb maze aims to overcome disadvantages of currently available tasks and consists of 37 hexagonal platforms that can be independently raised or lowered to generate different routes. To navigate across the (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - March 8, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sian Lewis Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Gene expression: Key codes
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 19, 184 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2018.24
Author: Sian Lewis
Formation of memories relies on transcription of inducible genes such as immediate early genes (IEGs), but the mechanism is poorly understood. Here, IEG expression was monitored in mice following experiences with different salience and valence. Different experiences induced specific expression patterns of IEG expression. Moreover, (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - March 8, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sian Lewis Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Neurodevelopmental disorders: A targeted rescue
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 19, 182 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2018.29
Author: Katherine Whalley
Study employs DNA methylation editing to reactivate FMR1 expression and reverse phenotypic deficits in cells derived from individuals with fragile X syndrome. (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - March 8, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Katherine Whalley Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Depression: Bursting with depression
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 19, 181 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2018.28
Author: Natasha Bray
Upregulated bursting activity in the lateral habenula is associated with depression-like behaviours in rats and mice, and depends on NMDA receptors, T-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels and the astrocytic inwardly rectifying potassium channel KIR4.1. (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - March 1, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Natasha Bray Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Signalling from the periphery to the brain that regulates energy homeostasis
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 19, 185 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2018.8
Authors: Ki-Suk Kim, Randy J. Seeley & Darleen A. Sandoval
The CNS regulates body weight; however, we still lack a clear understanding of what drives decisions about when, how much and what to eat. A vast array of peripheral signals provides information to the CNS regarding fluctuations in energy status. The CNS then integrates this (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - February 22, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Ki-Suk Kim Randy J. Seeley Darleen A. Sandoval Tags: Review Source Type: research
Emotion: 'Anxiety cells' drive avoidance
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 19, 182 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2018.21
Author: Katherine Whalley
A population of 'anxiety cells' that encode anxiogenic information and drive avoidance behaviour is identified in the mouse hippocampus. (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - February 22, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Katherine Whalley Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Control of synaptic plasticity in deep cortical networks
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 19, 166 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2018.6
Authors: Pieter R. Roelfsema & Anthony Holtmaat
Humans and many other animals have an enormous capacity to learn about sensory stimuli and to master new skills. However, many of the mechanisms that enable us to learn remain to be understood. One of the greatest challenges of systems neuroscience is to explain how (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - February 16, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Pieter R. Roelfsema Anthony Holtmaat Tags: Review Source Type: research
Leptin and brain – adipose crosstalks
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 19, 153 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2018.7
Authors: Alexandre Caron, Syann Lee, Joel K. Elmquist & Laurent Gautron
Interactions between the brain and distinct adipose depots have a key role in maintaining energy balance, thereby promoting survival in response to metabolic challenges such as cold exposure and starvation. Recently, there has been renewed interest in the specific central neuronal circuits that regulate adipose (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - February 16, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Alexandre Caron Syann Lee Joel K. Elmquist Laurent Gautron Tags: Review Source Type: research
Imaging structural and functional brain development in early childhood
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 19, 123 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2018.1
Authors: John H. Gilmore, Rebecca C. Knickmeyer & Wei Gao
In humans, the period from term birth to ∼2 years of age is characterized by rapid and dynamic brain development and plays an important role in cognitive development and risk of disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. Recent imaging studies have begun to delineate the (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - February 16, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: John H. Gilmore Rebecca C. Knickmeyer Wei Gao Tags: Review Source Type: research
Neuroimmunology: Dietary salt-induced deficits
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 19, 122 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2018.15
Author: Darran Yates
In mice, consumption of a high-salt diet induces accumulation of T helper 17 lymphocytes in the gut, leading to a rise in plasma interleukin-17 levels as well as neurovascular dysfunction and cognitive deficits. (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - February 16, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Darran Yates Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Behavioural neuroscience: In hunt mode
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 19, 119 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2018.18
Author: Natasha Bray
Two studies characterize inputs to the periaqueductal grey that regulate hunting behaviour in mice. (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - February 16, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Natasha Bray Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Effects of adolescent alcohol consumption on the brain and behaviour
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 19, 197 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2018.10
Author: Linda P. Spear
Per occasion, alcohol consumption is higher in adolescents than in adults in both humans and laboratory animals, with changes in the adolescent brain probably contributing to this elevated drinking. This Review examines the contributors to and consequences of the use of alcohol in adolescents. Human (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - February 15, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Linda P. Spear Tags: Review Source Type: research
Synaptic transmission: A hare as well as a tortoise
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 19, 183 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2018.17
Author: Sian Lewis
Axons of striatal dopaminergic neurons are shown to release dopamine in a RIM-dependent manner and with a high release probability from axonal active zone-like structures. (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - February 15, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sian Lewis Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
