Communication dynamics in complex brain networks
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 19, 17 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.149
Authors: Andrea Avena-Koenigsberger, Bratislav Misic & Olaf Sporns
Neuronal signalling and communication underpin virtually all aspects of brain activity and function. Network science approaches to modelling and analysing the dynamics of communication on networks have proved useful for simulating functional brain connectivity and predicting emergent network states. This Review surveys important aspects of (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - December 14, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Andrea Avena-Koenigsberger Bratislav Misic Olaf Sporns Tags: Review Source Type: research
Sleep: Let sleeping flies lie
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 19, 7 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.161
Author: Katherine Whalley
Whether invertebrates display distinct sleep stages, similar to those seen in mammals, is unknown. Yap et al. recorded local field potentials from the brains of flies during sleep and observed the presence of an intermittent 7–10 Hz oscillation that was associated with transitions between (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - December 14, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Katherine Whalley Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Neuronal circuits: A risky connection
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 19, 7 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.160
Author: Katherine Whalley
Orexin signalling is linked to the regulation of risk-avoidance behaviour; however, the brain circuits involved are poorly understood. Blomeley et al. showed that orexin released by neurons in the lateral hypothalamus excites dopamine D2-receptor-expressing cells (D2 cells) in the nucleus accumbens of mice and (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - December 14, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Katherine Whalley Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Neuroimmunology: A painful release
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 19, 7 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.159
Author: Katherine Whalley
Inflammation contributes to neuropathic pain, but the mechanisms by which neurons and inflammatory cells interact are unclear. Simeoli et al. demonstrated the release of exosomes containing miR-21 from the cell bodies of cultured mouse sensory neurons following treatment with a noxious substance. They further (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - December 14, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Katherine Whalley Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Gene expression: Evolving expression patterns
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 19, 7 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.158
Author: Katherine Whalley
Differences in gene expression patterns are thought to be drivers of evolutionary changes in brain organization and function. Sousa et al. compared the transcriptomes of 16 brain regions in humans, chimpanzees and macaque monkeys, revealing brain-wide, regional and cell type-specific differences in gene expression (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - December 14, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Katherine Whalley Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Motor systems: Cortical instructions
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 19, 6 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.164
Author: Darran Yates
A study reports that low-amplitude intracortical microstimulation in the premotor cortex can be used to induce movements in monkeys by learned association. (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - December 14, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Darran Yates Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Neurotransmission: A discrete form of secretion
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 19, 6 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.162
Author: Natasha Bray
Ca2+-independent but voltage-dependent secretion is mediated by the voltage-gated calcium channel subunit CaV2.2, is enabled by SNARE machinery and results in release of ATP or neuropeptide Y. (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - December 14, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Natasha Bray Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Behavioural neuroscience: Regulating roaming
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 19, 2 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.165
Author: Darran Yates
Among isogenic Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes, some individuals show biases in aspects of foraging behaviour that persist over development, and this individual-level variation in behaviour is subject to neuromodulatory regulation. (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - December 14, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Darran Yates Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Neurodegenerative disease: Tackling tauopathy
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 19, 1 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.163
Author: Darran Yates
A reduction in the level of T cell intracellular antigen 1, an RNA-binding protein, was protective for tau-induced neuronal death in a mouse model of tauopathy. (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - December 14, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Darran Yates Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Anticipated moments: temporal structure in attention
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 19, 34 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.141
Authors: Anna C. Nobre & Freek van Ede
We have come to recognize the brain as a predictive organ, anticipating attributes of the incoming sensory stimulation to guide perception and action in the service of adaptive behaviour. In the quest to understand the neural bases of the modulatory prospective signals that prioritize and (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - December 7, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Anna C. Nobre Freek van Ede Tags: Review Source Type: research
Decision making: Valuable choices
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 19, 3 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.155
Author: Sian Lewis
In value-based decision making, it has been suggested that the complex feature spaces of different goods are reduced to single values that allow comparisons (economic choice) to be made in the context of current circumstances and wants (model-based behaviour). Optogenetically inactivating the rat lateral orbitofrontal (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - December 7, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sian Lewis Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Sleep: I feel the need, the need for sleep
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 19, 3 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.154
Author: Sian Lewis
Sleep deprivation results in reduced cognitive function coincident with regional 'sleep-like' slow waves and theta waves in the brain. Here, single-neuron activity and local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded in sleep-deprived and non-sleep-deprived human neurosurgical patients while they performed a task that required them to (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - December 7, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sian Lewis Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Neuropsychiatric disorders: Stressful depression
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 19, 3 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.153
Author: Sian Lewis
Major depessive disorder (MDD) is linked to increased levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 6 (IL-6). Among mice subjected to chronic social defeat stress (a rodent model of depression), the expression of the tight junction protein claudin-5 (CLDN5) at the blood–brain barrier (BBB) (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - December 7, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sian Lewis Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Neurodegenerative disease: Remodelling neurodegeneration
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 19, 3 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.152
Author: Sian Lewis
TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP43) is implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and in some cases of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Here, in a fly model of ALS–FTD, TDP43 reduced the recruitment of chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 1 (Chd1), a chromatin remodelling protein, to neuroprotective stress genes, resulting (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - December 7, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sian Lewis Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Neurodevelopmental disorders: Misreading social smells
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 19, 2 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.157
Author: Katherine Whalley
Individuals with ASD demonstrate altered behavioural responses to chemosensory social cues. (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - December 7, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Katherine Whalley Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
