Behavioural neuroscience: Right on (social) cue
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 18, 129 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.18
Author: Natasha Bray
The neural circuitry mediating the ability to produce learned responses to social cues is unknown. Here, 'observer' rats watched 'demonstrator' rats that received footshocks paired with a tone; with social learning, observers learned to freeze in response to the tone. Chemogenetic inhibition of lateral amygdala (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - February 8, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Natasha Bray Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Neurodegenerative disease: Losing the way
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 18, 129 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.17
Author: Natasha Bray
Individuals with Alzheimer disease (AD) often have difficulties with spatial navigation, which depends on the entorhinal cortex (EC), but whether tau aggregates affect the EC in AD is unclear. Fu et al. studied mice expressing aggregable human tau in the hippocampal formation (EC-tau mice). Compared (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - February 8, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Natasha Bray Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Prefrontal cortex: Down in front
In this study, mice expressing a variant of human nAChR subunit α5 implicated in schizophrenia showed impaired sociability and sensorimotor gating. Two-photon calcium imaging revealed (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - February 8, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Natasha Bray Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Micro-connectomics: probing the organization of neuronal networks at the cellular scale
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 18, 131 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.182
Authors: Manuel Schröter, Ole Paulsen & Edward T. Bullmore
Defining the organizational principles of neuronal networks at the cellular scale, or micro-connectomics, is a key challenge of modern neuroscience. In this Review, we focus on graph theoretical parameters of micro-connectome topology, often informed by economical principles that conceptually originated with Ramón y Cajal's conservation (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - February 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Manuel Schr öter Ole Paulsen Edward T. Bullmore Tags: Review Source Type: research
Glia: A toxic reaction
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 18, 130 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.13
Author: Darran Yates
Activated microglia induce a subtype of reactive astrocytes that is toxic to various neuronal types and oligodendrocytes and that is found in various neurological disorders. (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - February 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Darran Yates Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Sensory systems: Sensational organization in the dorsal horn
This study dissects the complex interneuron networks that contribute to the processing of innocuous touch-information in the spinal cord. (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - January 26, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Katherine Whalley Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Learning and memory: I remember it well...
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 18, 128 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.12
Author: Sian Lewis
Extended periods of exposure to emotional stimuli result in increased functional connectivity between the amygdala and the anterior hippocampus, which strengthens memory consolidation and subsequent recall of neutral stimuli experienced during this altered brain state. (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - January 26, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sian Lewis Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Learning and memory: Space and time connections
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 18, 127 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.11
Author: Natasha Bray
Direct projections from the dorsal and intermediate CA1 to the medial prefrontal cortex in rats are crucial for the retrieval of temporal and spatial aspects of episodic memory, respectively. (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - January 26, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Natasha Bray Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Structural plasticity and reorganisation in chronic pain
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 18, 113 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.5
Author: Rohini Kuner & Herta Flor
Nature Reviews Neuroscience18, 20–30 (2017)In Box 1 and on page 26 of this article, in the section Activity-dependent 'switches', Aβ afferents were incorrectly defined. This has been corrected in the online version of the article. (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - January 19, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Rohini Kuner Herta Flor Tags: Erratum Source Type: research
Selective neuronal vulnerability in Parkinson disease
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 18, 101 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.178
Authors: D. James Surmeier, José A. Obeso & Glenda M. Halliday
Intracellular α-synuclein (α-syn)-rich protein aggregates called Lewy pathology (LP) and neuronal death are commonly found in the brains of patients with clinical Parkinson disease (cPD). It is widely believed that LP appears early in the disease and spreads in synaptically coupled brain networks, driving neuronal (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - January 19, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: D. James Surmeier Jos é A. Obeso Glenda M. Halliday Tags: Review Source Type: research
Techniques: Getting down to detail
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 18, 70 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.4
Author: Sian Lewis
Currently, there is no technique available that enables specific and inducible genetic manipulation of astrocytes in the brain. Here, the authors identified a marker that enabled selective targeting of astrocytes in mice using the Cre–LoxP system. They combined this with expression of a (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - January 19, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sian Lewis Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Learning and memory: Shared memories
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 18, 70 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.3
Author: Sian Lewis
A group of people witnessing the same event will often have similar memories of it, but the cortical representations of these memories are not well studied. Participants in this study were scanned using functional MRI while watching a movie and also when recalling the movie. (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - January 19, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sian Lewis Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Sensory systems: Age-related odour detection
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 18, 70 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.2
Author: Sian Lewis
In rodents, postnatal neurogenesis is restricted to certain brain areas including the olfactory bulb. It has been shown that blocking this neurogenesis disrupts olfactory learning, but the techniques used lacked specificity. Here, designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) were used to inactivate newborn (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - January 19, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sian Lewis Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Psychiatric disorders: Parsing depression
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 18, 70 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.1
Author: Sian Lewis
Depression is characterized by a range of symptoms that can be experienced in different combinations and to different extents depending on the individual. Efforts to categorize depression by matching symptoms to physiological changes have had limited success. Here, functional MRI was used to compare whole-brain (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - January 19, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sian Lewis Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Scanning the horizon: towards transparent and reproducible neuroimaging research
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 18, 115 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.167
Authors: Russell A. Poldrack, Chris I. Baker, Joke Durnez, Krzysztof J. Gorgolewski, Paul M. Matthews, Marcus R. Munafò, Thomas E. Nichols, Jean-Baptiste Poline, Edward Vul & Tal Yarkoni
Functional neuroimaging techniques have transformed our ability to probe the neurobiological basis of behaviour and are increasingly being applied by the wider neuroscience community. However, concerns have recently been raised that the conclusions that are drawn from some human neuroimaging studies are either spurious or (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - January 4, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Russell A. Poldrack Chris I. Baker Joke Durnez Krzysztof J. Gorgolewski Paul M. Matthews Marcus R. Munaf ò Thomas E. Nichols Jean-Baptiste Poline Edward Vul Tal Yarkoni Tags: Analysis Source Type: research
