Learning and memory: The cannabinoid connection
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 18, 4 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.171
Author: Darran Yates
How acute changes in the activity of neuronal mitochondrial affect learning and memory is unclear. By precluding mitochondrial localization of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) in the mouse hippocampus, the authors prevented CB1-agonist-induced inhibition of excitatory transmission in hippocampal slices and of the poor performance of (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - December 14, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Darran Yates Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Glia: Glial messenging
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 18, 4 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.170
Author: Darran Yates
A new study provides evidence for a glia-mediated form of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the rat spinal cord. Activation of astrocytes and microglia induced LTP at spinal C-fibre synapses on lamina I neurons in vitro. Blocking glial metabolism or signalling induced by D-serine, (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - December 14, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Darran Yates Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Neural development: Balancing the pruning programmes
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 18, 4 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.169
Author: Sian Lewis
The genetic programmes involved in axonal pruning during development are poorly elucidated but are shown to involve a balance between the anti-apoptotic protein DUSP16 and the pro-degenerative protein PUMA. (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - December 14, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sian Lewis Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Psychiatric disorders: Age-dependent auditory abnormalities
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 18, 3 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.168
Author: Natasha Bray
Deletion of Dgcr8 in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome leads to decreased processing of miR-338-3p, leading to an upregulation of thalamic dopamine D2 receptors and auditory thalamocortical deficits that might be associated with antipsychotic-sensitive auditory hallucinations. (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - December 14, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Natasha Bray Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Functional diversity of astrocytes in neural circuit regulation
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 18, 31 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.159
Authors: Lucile Ben Haim & David H. Rowitch
Although it is well established that all brain regions contain various neuronal subtypes with different functions, astrocytes have traditionally been thought to be homogenous. However, recent evidence has shown that astrocytes in the mammalian CNS display distinct inter- and intra-regional features, as well as functional (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - November 30, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Lucile Ben Haim David H. Rowitch Tags: Review Source Type: research
Systems neuroscience: Opening the gait
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 18, 4 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.166
Author: Sian Lewis
A brain–spine interface that uses decoded neural activity from motor cortex delivered to an electrical stimulation system in the spine was used to restore locomotor function in a monkey whose leg was paralyzed by spinal injury. (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - November 30, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sian Lewis Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
CRF and the nucleus incertus: a node for integration of stress signals
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 18, 158 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.158
Authors: Leigh C. Walker & Andrew J. Lawrence
We recently read with interest the timely and scholarly Review by (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - November 23, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Leigh C. Walker Andrew J. Lawrence Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research
The neural and computational bases of semantic cognition
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 18, 42 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.150
Authors: Matthew A. Lambon Ralph, Elizabeth Jefferies, Karalyn Patterson & Timothy T. Rogers
Semantic cognition refers to our ability to use, manipulate and generalize knowledge that is acquired over the lifespan to support innumerable verbal and non-verbal behaviours. This Review summarizes key findings and issues arising from a decade of research into the neurocognitive and neurocomputational underpinnings of (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - November 23, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Matthew A. Lambon Ralph Elizabeth Jefferies Karalyn Patterson Timothy T. Rogers Tags: Review Source Type: research
Stress, glucocorticoids and memory: implications for treating fear-related disorders
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 18, 7 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.155
Authors: Dominique de Quervain, Lars Schwabe & Benno Roozendaal
Glucocorticoid stress hormones are crucially involved in modulating mnemonic processing of emotionally arousing experiences. They enhance the consolidation of new memories, including those that extinguish older memories, but impair the retrieval of information stored in long-term memory. As strong aversive memories lie at the core (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - November 23, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Dominique de Quervain Lars Schwabe Benno Roozendaal Tags: Review Source Type: research
Neurodegenerative disease: Straining the brain
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 17, 738 (2016).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.161
Author: Darran Yates
Following injection into the brain, different strains of tau aggregates induce different presentations of tau neuropathology in a mouse model of tauopathy. (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - November 16, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Darran Yates Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Neural circuits: Cortical replacements
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 17, 737 (2016).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.160
Author: Darran Yates
Transplanted embryonic neurons can functionally replace ablated neurons in the primary visual cortex in adult mice. (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - November 16, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Darran Yates Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Network abnormalities and interneuron dysfunction in Alzheimer disease
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 17, 777 (2016).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.141
Authors: Jorge J. Palop & Lennart Mucke
The function of neural circuits and networks can be controlled, in part, by modulating the synchrony of their components' activities. Network hypersynchrony and altered oscillatory rhythmic activity may contribute to cognitive abnormalities in Alzheimer disease (AD). In this condition, network activities that support cognition are (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - November 9, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jorge J. Palop Lennart Mucke Tags: Review Source Type: research
Behavioural neuroscience: Descending into dishonesty
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 17, 738 (2016).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.157
Author: Natasha Bray
Reductions in the response of the amygdala to dishonesty predict the escalation of self-serving dishonesty. (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - November 9, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Natasha Bray Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Keeping it in check: chronic viral infection and antiviral immunity in the brain
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 17, 766 (2016).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.140
Authors: Katelyn D. Miller, Matthias J. Schnell & Glenn F. Rall
It is becoming clear that the manner by which the immune response resolves or contains infection by a pathogen varies according to the tissue that is affected. Unlike many peripheral cell types, CNS neurons are generally non-renewable. Thus, the cytolytic and inflammatory strategies that are (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - November 3, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Katelyn D. Miller Matthias J. Schnell Glenn F. Rall Tags: Review Source Type: research
Integrins in synapse regulation
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 17, 745 (2016).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.138
Authors: Yun Kyung Park & Yukiko Goda
Integrins are a large family of extracellular matrix (ECM) receptors. In the developing and adult brain, many integrins are present at high levels at synapses. The tetrapartite structure of synapses — which comprises presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons, the ECM and glial processes — places synaptic (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - November 3, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Yun Kyung Park Yukiko Goda Tags: Review Source Type: research
