Neuronal cell-type classification: challenges, opportunities and the path forward
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 18, 530 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.85
Authors: Hongkui Zeng & Joshua R. Sanes
Neurons have diverse molecular, morphological, connectional and functional properties. We believe that the only realistic way to manage this complexity — and thereby pave the way for understanding the structure, function and development of brain circuits — is to group neurons into types, which can (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - August 3, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Hongkui Zeng Joshua R. Sanes Tags: Review Source Type: research
Psychiatric disorders: Acute actions
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 18, 514 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.106
Author: Katherine Whalley
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly used antidepressants; however, their mechanism of action is elusive. The authors here show that activation of serotonin 5-HT1B receptors on cholecystokinin-expressing interneurons (CCK neurons) in the dentate gyrus underlies the effects of acute SSRI treatment on (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - August 3, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Katherine Whalley Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Neurodegenerative disease: A programmed killer
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 18, 514 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.105
Author: Katherine Whalley
Neuronal loss is a hallmark of Alzheimer disease (AD), but the mechanisms through which the neurons die are unclear. Here, the authors described evidence for the activation of necroptosis — a programmed form of necrosis that has been implicated in multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - August 3, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Katherine Whalley Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Neuronal networks: Individual arrangements
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 18, 514 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.104
Author: Katherine Whalley
Functional connectivity analyses of group data have revealed several large-scale distributed brain networks, including the default network (DN), frontoparietal control network (FPN) and dorsal attention network (dATN); however, few studies have examined network organization within individual subjects. The authors performed multiple functional MRI scans in (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - August 3, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Katherine Whalley Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Gut – brain communication: Permitting pain
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 18, 514 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.103
Author: Katherine Whalley
Neuropathic pain is a common adverse effect of chemotherapeutic agents, such as oxaliplatin. The authors here showed that antibiotic-mediated eradication of the gut microbiota protects mice against both oxaliplatin-induced inflammation in the dorsal root ganglia and mechanical hyperalgesia. The permissive effect of the gut microbiota (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - August 3, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Katherine Whalley Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Behavioural neuroscience: King of the castle
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 18, 513 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.102
Author: Sian Lewis
The likelihood of winning a bout of competitive behaviour is increased by past wins, and the neural circuitry underlying this crucial determinant of social rank in a group of mice is identified as a projection from the mediodorsal thalamus to the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - August 3, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sian Lewis Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Psychiatric disorders: Splitting depression apart
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 18, 514 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.99
Author: Natasha Bray
Two major components of depression-like behaviour in mice — social avoidance and helplessness — are mediated by distinct circuits that include parvalbumin-expressing neurons in the ventral pallidum. (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - July 27, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Natasha Bray Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Sleep and memory: Spindles take charge
This study provides evidence for a role for the thalamus in the synchronization of brain rhythms that drive memory consolidation during sleep. (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - July 27, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Katherine Whalley Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Neurodegenerative disorders: Amyloid clearance
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 18, 455 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.97
Author: Sian Lewis
Microglia play a part in protein clearance and synaptic pruning. This latter process is re-activated in Alzheimer disease (AD) and promoted by amyloid-β (Aβ). A screen of 18 AD-associated genes revealed that loss of the DNA–RNA binding protein TDP43 led to a considerable increase in (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - July 19, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sian Lewis Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Neural development: Regional influence
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 18, 455 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.96
Author: Sian Lewis
In mice, the ventricular–subventricular zone (V–SVZ) continuously produces neural stem cells (NSCs). Proopiomelanocortin-expressing (POMC+) neurons of the hypothalamus were found to project selectively to anterior ventral (AV) regions of the V–SVZ. Ablation of these neurons decreased NSC proliferation selectively in the AV V–SVZ, (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - July 19, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sian Lewis Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Learning and memory: Catching fear memories
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 18, 455 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.95
Author: Sian Lewis
Memory traces of long-term auditory fear memories are stored in the auditory cortex. Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are stable components of the extracellular matrix that could potentially provide a scaffold for long-term synaptic plasticity. In a model of auditory fear conditioning, mRNAs encoding three lecticans — (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - July 19, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sian Lewis Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Neural circuits: Hanging in the balance
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 18, 455 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.94
Author: Sian Lewis
Oxytocinergic (OXT) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) project to tonically active dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the vental tegmental area (VTA) and reticular area of the substantia nigra (SN), both of which regulate reward-based behaviour via projections to the ventral striatum (vStr). Optogenetic stimulation of (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - July 19, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sian Lewis Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Neural circuits: The influence of hunger
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 18, 451 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.93
Author: Darran Yates
In mice, hypothalamic agouti-related peptide-expressing neurons modulate food-cue-associated insular cortex activity to influence behaviour. (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - July 19, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Darran Yates Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Animal models of α -synucleinopathy for Parkinson disease drug development
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 18, 515 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.75
Authors: James B. Koprich, Lorraine V. Kalia & Jonathan M. Brotchie
A major challenge in Parkinson disease (PD) will be to turn an emerging and expanding pipeline of novel disease-modifying candidate compounds into therapeutics. Novel targets need in vivo validation, and candidate therapeutics require appropriate preclinical platforms on which to define potential efficacy and target (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - July 13, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: James B. Koprich Lorraine V. Kalia Jonathan M. Brotchie Tags: Review Source Type: research
Non-motor features of Parkinson disease
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 18, 509 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.91
Author: Anthony H. V. Schapira, K. Ray Chaudhuri & Peter Jenner
Nature Reviews Neuroscience18, 435–450 (2017)In this Review, Figure 4 was incorrectly positioned, cutting off some of the labels. This has been corrected in the online version of the article. The editors apologize to the authors and readers (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience)
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - July 13, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Anthony H. V. Schapira K. Ray Chaudhuri Peter Jenner Tags: Erratum Source Type: research
