Intracortical astrocyte subpopulations defined by astrocyte reporter Mice in the adult brain
Main Points• Astroglial subpopulations with distinct reporter expression patterns are identified from the adult cortex.• Cortical astrocyte subpopulations exhibited distinct localization, physiological and molecular properties. AbstractAlthough historically regarded as a homogeneous cell population, astrocytes in different brain regions exhibit differences in their physiological properties, such as gap ‐junction coupling, glutamate uptake dynamics, and intracellular Ca2+ response. Recent in vivo RNA profiles have further demonstrated the molecular heterogeneity of astrocytes in the adult CNS. Astrocyte heterogene...
Source: Glia - November 14, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Lydie Morel,
Yuqin Men,
Ming S. R. Chiang,
Yang Tian,
Shijie Jin,
Julia Yelick,
Haruki Higashimori,
Yongjie Yang Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Astrocyte ‐neuron lactate shuttle sensitizes nociceptive transmission in the spinal cord
Main Points• Our results indicated that selective astrocyte activation‐induced mechanical hyperalgesia by enhancing the neuronal supply of L‐lactate. In addition, neuropathic pain was ameliorated by L‐lactate inhibition. Astrocytes play a key role in the maintenance of synaptic transmission by producing L ‐lactate via the astrocyte‐neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS). Astrocyte activation in the spinal cord is involved in the expression of neuropathic pain. We investigated the role of the ANLS in the spinal cord on hyperalgesia in neuropathic pain in mice. Specific activation of dorsal horn astrocytes induced mechani...
Source: Glia - November 14, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Keisuke Miyamoto,
Kei ‐ichiro Ishikura,
Kazuhiko Kume,
Masahiro Ohsawa Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Spontaneous astrocytic Ca2+ activity abounds in electrically suppressed ischemic penumbra of aged mice
We report preserved spontaneous Ca2+ activity in neurons, and increased astrocytic Ca2+ activity in the penumbra of old mice. AbstractExperimental focal cortical ischemic lesions consist of an ischemic core and a potentially salvageable peri ‐ischemic region, the ischemic penumbra. The activity of neurons and astrocytes is assumed to be suppressed in the penumbra because the electrical function is interrupted, but this is incompletely elucidated. Most experimental stroke studies used young adult animals, whereas stroke is prevalent in the elderly population. Using two‐photon imaging in vivo, we here demonstrate extensi...
Source: Glia - November 14, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Jonas Christoffer Fordsmann,
Reena Prity Murmu,
Changsi Cai,
Alexey Brazhe,
Kirsten Joan Thomsen,
Stefan Andreas Zambach,
Micael L ønstrup,
Barbara Lykke Lind,
Martin Lauritzen Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Erythropoietin reduces nerve demyelination, neuropathic pain behavior and microglial MAPKs activation through erythropoietin receptors on Schwann cells in a rat model of peripheral neuropathy
In conclusion, binding of EPO to its receptors on Schwann cells maintains myelin integrity and blocks ectop ic discharges in the injured median nerve, that in the end contribute to attenuation of neuropathic pain via reducing glutamate release from primary afferents and inhibiting activation of microglial MAPKs and production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. (Source: Glia)
Source: Glia - November 11, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Chun ‐Ta Huang,
Seu‐Hwa Chen,
Shih‐Chang Lin,
Wei‐Ting Chen,
June‐Horng Lue,
Yi‐Ju Tsai Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Microglial activation occurs late during preclinical Alzheimer's disease
Main Points
Microglial activation is triggered when A β protein aggregates and forms insoluble amyloid.
Microglial activation is restricted to the immediate vicinity of amyloid.
Amyloid‐induced neuroinflammation may lead to microglial exhaustion and dystrophy. AbstractSporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) is marked by a lengthy preclinical phase during which patients are nonsymptomatic but show pathology in variable manifestations. Whether or not neuroinflammation occurs in such nondemented individuals is unknown. We evaluated the medial temporal lobe of 66 nondemented subjects, aged 42 –93, in terms of tau pathology, A...
Source: Glia - November 11, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Wolfgang J. Streit,
Heiko Braak,
Kelly Del Tredici,
Judith Leyh,
Julia Lier,
Habibeh Khoshbouei,
Christian Eisenl öffel,
Wolf Müller,
Ingo Bechmann Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Microglia shape presynaptic properties at developing glutamatergic synapses
Main points• CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling is necessary for the correct functionality of microglia and the maturation of hippocampal synapses. • InCx3cr1 knockout mice, glutamatergic synapses show immature features and reduced presynaptic release. AbstractDeficient neuron –microglia signaling during brain development is associated with abnormal synaptic maturation. However, the precise impact of deficient microglia function on synaptic maturation and the mechanisms involved remain poorly defined. Here we report that mice defective in neuron‐to‐microglia signali ng via the fractalkine receptor (Cx3cr1 KO) show reduced m...
Source: Glia - November 11, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Bernadette Basilico,
Francesca Pagani,
Alfonso Grimaldi,
Barbara Cortese,
Silvia Di Angelantonio,
Laetitia Weinhard,
Cornelius Gross,
Cristina Limatola,
Laura Maggi,
Davide Ragozzino Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Blocking TNF α‐driven astrocyte purinergic signaling restores normal synaptic activity during epileptogenesis
Glia, EarlyView. (Source: Glia)
Source: Glia - November 5, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Ljiljana Nikolic,
Weida Shen,
Paola Nobili,
Ana ïs Virenque,
Lauriane Ulmann,
Etienne Audinat Source Type: research
LAR and PTP σ receptors are negative regulators of oligodendrogenesis and oligodendrocyte integrity in spinal cord injury
Glia, EarlyView. (Source: Glia)
Source: Glia - November 5, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Scott Dyck,
Hardeep Kataria,
Khashayar Akbari ‐Kelachayeh,
Jerry Silver,
Soheila Karimi‐Abdolrezaee Source Type: research
Identification of novel regulatory partners of the glutamate transporter GLT ‐1
Glia, EarlyView. (Source: Glia)
Source: Glia - November 5, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Dolores Piniella,
Elena Mart ínez‐Blanco,
Ignacio Ibáñez,
David Bartolomé‐Martín,
Eva Porlan,
Javier Díez‐Guerra,
Cecilio Giménez,
Francisco Zafra Source Type: research
Microglial glutamate release evoked by α‐synuclein aggregates is prevented by dopamine
Glia, EarlyView. (Source: Glia)
Source: Glia - November 5, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Mauricio dos ‐Santos‐Pereira,
Leonardo Acuña,
Sabah Hamadat,
Jeremy Rocca,
Florencia González‐Lizárraga,
Rosana Chehín,
Julia Sepulveda‐Diaz,
Elaine Del‐Bel,
Rita Raisman‐Vozari,
Patrick P. Michel Source Type: research
The conceptual introduction of the “demyelinating Schwann cell” in peripheral demyelinating neuropathies
Glia, EarlyView. (Source: Glia)
Source: Glia - October 31, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Hwan Tae Park,
Jong Kuk Kim,
Nicolas Tricaud Source Type: research
Enforced microglial depletion and repopulation as a promising strategy for the treatment of neurological disorders
Glia, EarlyView. (Source: Glia)
Source: Glia - October 31, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Jinming Han,
Keying Zhu,
Xing ‐Mei Zhang,
Robert A. Harris Source Type: research
Parkin targets NOD2 to regulate astrocyte endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation
Glia, EarlyView. (Source: Glia)
Source: Glia - October 31, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Komudi Singh,
Kim Han,
Sharada Tilve,
Kaiyuan Wu,
Herbert M. Geller,
Michael N Sack Source Type: research
Traumatic brain injury ‐induced neuronal damage in the somatosensory cortex causes formation of rod‐shaped microglia that promote astrogliosis and persistent neuroinflammation
Glia, EarlyView. (Source: Glia)
Source: Glia - October 31, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Kristina G. Witcher,
Chelsea E. Bray,
Julia E. Dziabis,
Daniel B. McKim,
Brooke N. Benner,
Rachel K. Rowe,
Olga N. Kokiko ‐Cochran,
Phillip G. Popovich,
Jonathan Lifshitz,
Daniel S. Eiferman,
Jonathan P. Godbout Source Type: research
Microglia mediate non ‐cell‐autonomous cell death of retinal ganglion cells
Glia, EarlyView. (Source: Glia)
Source: Glia - October 29, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Akiko Takeda,
Youichi Shinozaki,
Kenji Kashiwagi,
Nobuhiko Ohno,
Kei Eto,
Hiroaki Wake,
Junichi Nabekura,
Schuichi Koizumi Source Type: research
