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Glia,Volume 66, Issue 5, Page 1053-1067, May 2018. (Source: Glia)
Source: Glia - January 31, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Aberrant astrocyte Ca2+ signals “AxCa signals” exacerbate pathological alterations in an alexander disease model
Abstract
Alexander disease (AxD) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder caused by gain of function mutations in the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) gene. Accumulation of GFAP proteins and formation of Rosenthal fibers (RFs) in astrocytes are hallmarks of AxD. However, malfunction of astrocytes in the AxD brain is poorly understood. Here, we show aberrant Ca2+ responses in astrocytes as playing a causative role in AxD. Transcriptome analysis of astrocytes from a model of AxD showed age‐dependent upregulation of GFAP, several markers for neurotoxic reactive astrocytes, and downregulation of Ca2+ homeostasis molecules....
Source: Glia - January 31, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Kozo Saito, Eiji Shigetomi, Rei Yasuda, Ryuichi Sato, Masakazu Nakano, Kei Tashiro, Kenji F. Tanaka, Kazuhiro Ikenaka, Katsuhiko Mikoshiba, Ikuko Mizuta, Tomokatsu Yoshida, Masanori Nakagawa, Toshiki Mizuno, Schuichi Koizumi Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Astroglial major histocompatibility complex class I following immune activation leads to behavioral and neuropathological changes
Abstract
In the central nervous system, major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) molecules are mainly expressed in neurons, and neuronal MHCI have roles in synapse elimination and plasticity. However, the pathophysiological significance of astroglial MHCI remains unclear. We herein demonstrate that MHCI expression is up‐regulated in astrocytes in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) following systemic immune activation by an intraperitoneal injection of polyinosinic‐polycytidylic acid (polyI:C) or hydrodynamic interferon (IFN)‐γ gene delivery in male C57/BL6J mice. In cultured astrocytes, MHCI/H‐2D largely c...
Source: Glia - January 30, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Akira Sobue, Norimichi Ito, Taku Nagai, Wei Shan, Kazuhiro Hada, Akira Nakajima, Yuki Murakami, Akihiro Mouri, Yasuko Yamamoto, Toshitaka Nabeshima, Kuniaki Saito, Kiyofumi Yamada Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Astroglial major histocompatibility complex class I following immune activation leads to behavioral and neuropathological changes
Glia,Volume 66, Issue 5, Page 1034-1052, May 2018. (Source: Glia)
Source: Glia - January 30, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Astrocytes expressing ALS ‐linked mutant FUS induce motor neuron death through release of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha
Glia,Volume 66, Issue 5, Page 1016-1033, May 2018. (Source: Glia)
Source: Glia - January 30, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
MicroRNA ‐31 is required for astrocyte specification
Glia,Volume 66, Issue 5, Page 987-998, May 2018. (Source: Glia)
Source: Glia - January 30, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
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Glia,Volume 66, Issue 5, Page 1034-1052, May 2018. (Source: Glia)
Source: Glia - January 30, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
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Glia,Volume 66, Issue 5, Page 1016-1033, May 2018. (Source: Glia)
Source: Glia - January 30, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
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Glia,Volume 66, Issue 5, Page 987-998, May 2018. (Source: Glia)
Source: Glia - January 30, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Astrocytes expressing ALS ‐linked mutant FUS induce motor neuron death through release of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha
Mutations in fused in sarcoma (FUS) are linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting both upper and lower motor neurons. While it is established that astrocytes contribute to the death of motor neurons in ALS, the specific contribution of mutant FUS (mutFUS) through astrocytes has not yet been studied. Here, we used primary astrocytes expressing a N‐terminally GFP tagged R521G mutant or wild‐type FUS (WTFUS) and show that mutFUS‐expressing astrocytes undergo astrogliosis, damage co‐cultured motor neurons via activation of an inflammatory response and produce conditioned...
Source: Glia - January 30, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Azadeh Kia, Kevin McAvoy, Karthik Krishnamurthy, Davide Trotti, Piera Pasinelli Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
MicroRNA ‐31 is required for astrocyte specification
Abstract
Previously, we determined microRNA‐31 (miR‐31) is a noncoding tumor suppressive gene frequently deleted in glioblastoma (GBM); miR‐31 suppresses tumor growth, in part, by limiting the activity of NF‐κB. Herein, we expand our previous studies by characterizing the role of miR‐31 during neural precursor cell (NPC) to astrocyte differentiation. We demonstrate that miR‐31 expression and activity is suppressed in NPCs by stem cell factors such as Lin28, c‐Myc, SOX2 and Oct4. However, during astrocytogenesis, miR‐31 is induced by STAT3 and SMAD1/5/8, which mediate astrocyte differentiation. We determine...
Source: Glia - January 30, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Gordon P. Meares, Rajani Rajbhandari, Magda Gerigk, Chih ‐Liang Tien, Chenbei Chang, Samuel C. Fehling, Amber Rowse, Kayln C. Mulhern, Sindhu Nair, G. Kenneth Gray, Nicolas F. Berbari, Markus Bredel, Etty N. Benveniste, Susan E. Nozell Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
The cystine ‐glutamate exchanger (xCT, Slc7a11) is expressed in significant concentrations in a subpopulation of astrocytes in the mouse brain
Conclusions: xCT is present in select blood/brain/CSF interface areas and in an astrocyte subpopulation, in sufficient quantities to support the notion that system
provides physiologically relevant transport activity.
Main Points
Immunohistochemistry (validated using knockout mice) reveals a selective, but variable xCT expression in astrocytes and strong labeling in the leptomeninges, along blood vessels and in some tanycytes.
The hippocampal xCT/EAAT3 ratio is close to one. (Source: Glia)
Source: Glia - January 19, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Sigrid Ottestad ‐Hansen, Qiu Xiang Hu, Virgine Veronique Follin‐Arbelet, Eduard Bentea, Hideyo Sato, Ann Massie, Yun Zhou, Niels Christian Danbolt Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
The cystine ‐glutamate exchanger (xCT, Slc7a11) is expressed in significant concentrations in a subpopulation of astrocytes in the mouse brain
Glia,Volume 66, Issue 5, Page 951-970, May 2018. (Source: Glia)
Source: Glia - January 19, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Ephrin ‐A1‐EphA4 signaling negatively regulates myelination in the central nervous system
Glia,Volume 66, Issue 5, Page 934-950, May 2018. (Source: Glia)
Source: Glia - January 19, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Astrocytic glutamine synthetase is expressed in the neuronal somatic layers and down ‐regulated proportionally to neuronal loss in the human epileptic hippocampus
Glia,Volume 66, Issue 5, Page 920-933, May 2018. (Source: Glia)
Source: Glia - January 19, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
