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Glia,Volume 66, Issue 5, Page 951-970, May 2018. (Source: Glia)
Source: Glia - January 19, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
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Glia,Volume 66, Issue 5, Page 934-950, May 2018. (Source: Glia)
Source: Glia - January 19, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
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Glia,Volume 66, Issue 5, Page 920-933, May 2018. (Source: Glia)
Source: Glia - January 19, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Astrocytic glutamine synthetase is expressed in the neuronal somatic layers and down ‐regulated proportionally to neuronal loss in the human epileptic hippocampus
Abstract
Human mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) features subregion‐specific hippocampal neurodegeneration and reactive astrogliosis, including up‐regulation of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and down‐regulation of glutamine synthetase (GS). However, the regional astrocytic expression pattern of GFAP and GS upon MTLE‐associated neurodegeneration still remains elusive. We assessed GFAP and GS expression in strict correlation with the local neuronal number in cortical and hippocampal surgical specimens from 16 MTLE patients using immunohistochemistry, stereology and high‐resolution image analysis for...
Source: Glia - January 19, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Ismini E. Papageorgiou, Nektarios A. Valous, Bernd Lahrmann, Hana Janova, Zin ‐Juan Klaft, Arend Koch, Ulf C. Schneider, Peter Vajkoczy, Frank L. Heppner, Niels Grabe, Niels Halama, Uwe Heinemann, Oliver Kann Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Ephrin ‐A1‐EphA4 signaling negatively regulates myelination in the central nervous system
Abstract
During development of the central nervous system not all axons are myelinated, and axons may have distinct myelination patterns. Furthermore, the number of myelin sheaths formed by each oligodendrocyte is highly variable. However, our current knowledge about the axo‐glia communication that regulates the formation of myelin sheaths spatially and temporally is limited. By using axon‐mimicking microfibers and a zebrafish model system, we show that axonal ephrin‐A1 inhibits myelination. Ephrin‐A1 interacts with EphA4 to activate the ephexin1‐RhoA‐Rock‐myosin 2 signaling cascade and causes inhibition of o...
Source: Glia - January 19, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Mette Harboe, Julie Torvund ‐Jensen, Kasper Kjaer‐Sorensen, Lisbeth S. Laursen Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Cocaine and HIV ‐1 Tat disrupt cholesterol homeostasis in astrocytes: Implications for HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders in cocaine user patients
Abstract
Cholesterol synthesis and clearance by astrocytes are tightly regulated to maintain constant levels within the brain. In this context, liver X receptors (LXRs) are the master regulators of cholesterol homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS). Increasing levels of cholesterol in astrocytes trigger LXR activation leading to the transcription of target genes involved in cholesterol trafficking and efflux, including apolipoprotein E, cytochrome P450 enzymes, sterol regulatory binding protein, and several ATP‐binding cassette transporter proteins. The disturbance of LXR signaling in the brain can lead to signi...
Source: Glia - January 13, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Bianca Cotto, Kalimuthusamy Natarajaseenivasan, Kimberly Ferrero, Leroy Wesley, Matthew Sayre, Dianne Langford Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Cell therapy for spinal cord injury with olfactory ensheathing glia cells (OECs)
Glia, EarlyView. (Source: Glia)
Source: Glia - January 13, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
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Glia, Ahead of Print. (Source: Glia)
Source: Glia - January 13, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Issue Information ‐ Table of Contents
(Source: Glia)
Source: Glia - January 13, 2018 Category: Neurology Tags: ISSUE INFORMATION ‐ TABLE OF CONTENTS Source Type: research
Cell therapy for spinal cord injury with olfactory ensheathing glia cells (OECs)
Abstract
The prospects of achieving regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS) have changed, as most recent findings indicate that several species, including humans, can produce neurons in adulthood. Studies targeting this property may be considered as potential therapeutic strategies to respond to injury or the effects of demyelinating diseases in the CNS. While CNS trauma may interrupt the axonal tracts that connect neurons with their targets, some neurons remain alive, as seen in optic nerve and spinal cord (SC) injuries (SCIs). The devastating consequences of SCIs are due to the immediate and significant disrupti...
Source: Glia - January 13, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Rosa M. G ómez, Magdy Y. Sánchez, Maria Portela‐Lomba, Kemel Ghotme, George E. Barreto, Javier Sierra, M. Teresa Moreno‐Flores Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research
White matter tauopathy: Transient functional loss and novel myelin remodeling
We report a novel and selective form of myelin injury as the first manifestation of tauopathy in the adult central nervous system. Myelin pathology rapidly followed the induction of a P301 tau mutation associated with fronto‐temporal dementia in humans (rTG4510 line). Damage involved focal disruption of the ad‐axonal myelin lamella and internal oligodendrocyte tongue process, followed by myelin remodeling with features of re‐myelination that included myelin thinning and internodal shortening. The evolution of the re‐myelinated phenotype was complete in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus after 1 month and in ...
Source: Glia - January 8, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Joshua Jackson, Gabby Bianco, Angelo O Rosa, Katrina Cowan, Peter Bond, Oleg Anichtchik, Robert Fern Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Fractionation enhances acute oligodendrocyte progenitor cell radiation sensitivity and leads to long term depletion
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) is commonly used to treat central nervous system (CNS) cancers and metastases. While IR promotes remission, frequent side effects including impaired cognition and white matter loss occur following treatment. Fractionation is used to minimize these CNS late side effects, as it reduces IR effects in differentiated normal tissue, but not rapidly proliferating normal or tumor tissue. However, side effects occur even with the use of fractionated paradigms. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are a proliferative population within the CNS affected by radiation. We hypothesized that fractionate...
Source: Glia - December 30, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Sage Begolly, John A. Olschowka, Tanzy Love, Jacqueline P. Williams, M. Kerry O'Banion Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
ProMoIJ: A new tool for automatic three ‐dimensional analysis of microglial process motility
Abstract
Microglia, the immune cells of the central nervous system, continuously survey the brain to detect alterations and maintain tissue homeostasis. The motility of microglial processes is indicative of their surveying capacity in normal and pathological conditions. The gold standard technique to study motility involves the use of two‐photon microscopy to obtain time‐lapse images from brain slices or the cortex of living animals. This technique generates four dimensionally‐coded images which are analyzed manually using time‐consuming, non‐standardized protocols. Microglial process motility analysis is frequen...
Source: Glia - December 30, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: I ñaki Paris, Julie C. Savage, Laura Escobar, Oihane Abiega, Steven Gagnon, Chin‐Wai Hui, Marie‐Ève Tremblay, Amanda Sierra, Jorge Valero Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Glial lipid droplets and neurodegeneration in a Drosophila model of complex I deficiency
Abstract
Mitochondrial defects associated with respiratory chain complex I deficiency lead to heterogeneous fatal syndromes. While the role of NDUFS8, an essential subunit of the core assembly of the complex I, is established in mitochondrial diseases, the mechanisms underlying neuropathology are poorly understood. We developed a Drosophila model of NDUFS8 deficiency by knocking down the expression of its fly homologue in neurons or in glial cells. Downregulating ND23 in neurons resulted in shortened lifespan, and decreased locomotion. Although total brain ATP levels were decreased, histological analysis did not reveal any...
Source: Glia - December 29, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Marie ‐Jeanne Cabirol‐Pol, Bilal Khalil, Thomas Rival, Catherine Faivre‐Sarrailh, Marie Thérèse Besson Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Affected astrocytes in the spinal cord of the leukodystrophy vanishing white matter
In this study we investigated spinal cord pathology in a mouse model for Vanishing White Matter disease (VWM) and show that astrocytes in the white matter are severely affected. Astrocyte pathology starts postnatally in the sensory tracts, followed by changes in the astrocytic populations in the motor tracts. Studies in post‐mortem tissue of two VWM patients, a 13‐year‐old boy and a 6‐year‐old girl, confirmed astrocyte abnormalities in the spinal cord. For proper development of new treatment options for VWM and, possibly, other leukodystrophies, future studies should investigate spinal cord involvement.
Main Poi...
Source: Glia - December 29, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Prisca S. Leferink, Nicole Breeuwsma, Marianna Bugiani, Marjo S. van der Knaap, Vivi M. Heine Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
