Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Landscape of gene fusions in epithelial cancers: seq and ye shall find
Arul Chinnaiyan and colleagues review recent advances in gene fusion discovery, and efforts to characterize gene fusion signatures for personalized medicine. (Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations)
Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations - December 18, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Chandan Kumar-SinhaShanker Kalyana-SundaramArul Chinnaiyan Source Type: research

Exercise during pregnancy protects adult mouse offspring from diet-induced obesity
Conclusions: Our results point to the conclusion that maternal exercise is beneficial to protect the offspring from developing obesity, which could be important for succeeding generations as well. (Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations)
Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations - December 18, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Frederick WasinskiReury BacurauGabriel EstrelaFriederike KlempinAline ArakakiRogerio BatistaFernando MafraLucas do NascimentoMeire HiyaneLício VellosoNiels CâmaraRonaldo Araujo Source Type: research

Targeted high-throughput sequencing for genetic diagnostics of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Conclusions: We have established a comprehensive high-throughput platform for genetic screening of patients with HLH. Almost all cases with reduced natural killer cell function received a diagnosis, but the majority of the prospective cases remain genetically unexplained, highlighting genetic heterogeneity and environmental impact within HLH. Moreover, in silico analyses of the genetic variation affecting HLH-related genes in the general population suggest caution with respect to interpreting causality between monoallelic mutations and HLH. A complete understanding of the genetic susceptibility to HLH thus requires further...
Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations - December 18, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Bianca TesiKristina Lagerstedt-RobinsonSamuel ChiangEya BdiraMiguel AbboudBurcu BelenOmer DeveciogluZehra FadooAllen YeohHans ErichsenMerja MöttönenHimmet AkarJohanna HästbackaZuhre KayaSusana NunesTurkan PatirogluMagnus SabelEbru SaribeyogluTor TvedtE Source Type: research

Parenteral nutrition: never say never
This review emphasizes the benefits of parenteral nutrition (PN) in critically ill patients, when prescribed for relevant indications, in adequate quantities, and in due time.Critically ill patients are at risk of energy deficit during their ICU stay, a condition which leads to unfavorable outcomes, due to hypercatabolism secondary to the stress response and the difficulty to optimize feeding. Indirect calorimetry is recommended to define the energy target, since no single predictive equation accurately estimates energy expenditure. Energy metabolism is intimately associated with protein metabolism. Recent evidence calls f...
Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations - December 2, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Taku OshimaClaude Pichard Source Type: research

Winning the war against ICU-acquired weakness: new innovations in nutrition and exercise physiology
Over the last 10 years we have significantly reduced hospital mortality from sepsis and critical illness. However, the evidence reveals that over the same period we have tripled the number of patients being sent to rehabilitation settings. Further, given that as many as half of the deaths in the first year following ICU admission occur post ICU discharge, it is unclear how many of these patients ever returned home. For those who do survive, the latest data indicate that 50-70% of ICU "survivors" will suffer cognitive impairment and 60-80% of "survivors" will suffer functional impairment or ICU-acquired weakness (ICU-AW). T...
Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations - December 2, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Paul E WischmeyerInigo San-Millan Source Type: research

Advances in the support of respiratory failure: putting all the evidence together
Considerable progress has been made recently in the understanding of how best to accomplish safe and effective ventilation of patients with acute lung injury. Mechanical and nonmechanical factors contribute to causation of ventilator-associated lung injury. Intervention timing helps determine the therapeutic efficacy and outcome, and the stage and severity of the disease process may determine the patient's vulnerability as well as an intervention's value. Reducing oxygen consumption and ventilatory demands are key to a successful strategy for respiratory support of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Results from major cl...
Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations - December 2, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: John J Marini Source Type: research

Airway management for patients with ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine
We report difficulty in tracheal intubation during anesthesia induction in two OALL patients. In an 82-year-old man, anterior bridging osteophytes (of the cervical region) were observed on preoperative lateral radiograph after several attempts of tracheal intubation for the operation of the anterior fusion of cervical spine. During the same procedure in another 69-year-old man, fiberoptic-assisted awake intubation was extremely difficult because of posterior hypopharyngeal wall protuberance by osteophytes of cervical spine; although tracheal intubation for anesthesia was uneventful on two previous occasions over the months...
Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations - December 1, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Miki IidaKumiko TanabeShuji DohiHiroki Iida Source Type: research

Alteration of the foot center of pressure trajectory by an unstable shoe design
Conclusion: There was significantly negative correlation between the level of instability induced by the shoe design and the amount of perturbations conveyed during gait. This suggests that the external perturbation must remain within a certain range limit. Exceeding this limit can negatively affect the treatment and probably lead to opposite results. (Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations)
Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations - December 1, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Mona KhouryAmir HaimAmir HermanNimrod RozenAlon Wolf Source Type: research

Factors associated with health-related quality of life in Korean older workers
ObjectivesThe prevalence of aged individuals in the Korean workforce continues to increase. This research determined the health and working conditions of Korean older wage workers and confirmed the effects of factors on the health-related quality of life of Korean older workers. Methods: Of the 25,534 persons surveyed in the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1368 older (>55 years of age) wage workers without missing variables were selected. Their general characteristics, health status (cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disease, and mental health), working conditions (type of occupation, e...
Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations - November 30, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Sujin HongHarin JeongYunjeong HeoHosun ChunJongtae ParkDaeseong Kim Source Type: research

Systematic review of patient safety interventions in dentistry
Conclusions: This systematic review finds that the only interventions in dentistry that reduce or minimise adverse events are surgical safety checklists. We believe this to be the first systematic review in this field; it demonstrates the need for further research into patient safety in dentistry across several domains: epidemiological, conceptual understanding and patient and practitioner involvement. (Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations)
Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations - November 28, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Edmund BaileyMartin TickleStephen CampbellLucy O’Malley Source Type: research

Paradigm shifts in critical care medicine: the progress we have made
There have really been no single, major, advances in critical care medicine since the specialty came into existence. There has, however, been a gradual, continuous improvement in the process of care over the years, which has resulted in improved patient outcomes. Here, we will highlight just a few of the paradigm shifts we have seen in processes of critical care, including the move from small, closed units to larger, more open ICUs; from a paternal "dictatorship" to more "democratic" team-work; from intermittent to continuous, invasive to less-invasive monitoring; from "more" interventions to "less" thus reducing iatrogeni...
Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations - November 27, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Jean-Louis VincentJacques Creteur Source Type: research

The race against the "septic shark"
Great white sharks are responsible for about 10 cases of death annually worldwide, as compared with millions of deaths caused by sepsis. However, the basic principles of avoiding shark attacks and fighting sepsis seem to be similar: avoidance, attention, and speed, if necessary. The present review discusses the current status of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria, which are actually content for discussion because of their low specificity. Current data suggest that one in eight patients with severe sepsis does not fulfill the SIRS criteria and is consequently missed, and therefore the calls for new ...
Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations - November 27, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Martin WestphalTim Kampmeier Source Type: research

Challenges and pitfalls when implementing renal replacement therapy in the ICU
This article discusses some of the important issues that require attention in delivering RRT in critically ill patients and provides a framework for the optimal use of RRT in the ICU. (Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations)
Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations - November 27, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Ravindra L Mehta Source Type: research

Hemodynamic coherence and the rationale for monitoring the microcirculation
This article presents a personal viewpoint of the shortcoming of conventional hemodynamic resuscitation procedures in achieving organ perfusion and tissue oxygenation following conditions of shock and cardiovascular compromise, and why it is important to monitor the microcirculation in such conditions. The article emphasizes that if resuscitation procedures are based on the correction of systemic variables, there must be coherence between the macrocirculation and microcirculation if systemic hemodynamic-driven resuscitation procedures are to be effective in correcting organ perfusion and oxygenation. However, in conditions...
Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations - November 27, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Can Ince Source Type: research

Physiology versus evidence-based guidance for critical care practice
Evidence based medicine is an attempt to optimize the medical decision process through methods primarily based on evidence coming from meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and randomized controlled trials ("evidence-based medicine"), rather than on "clinical judgment" alone. The randomized trials are the cornerstones of this process. However, the randomized trials are just a method to prove or disprove a given hypothesis, which, in turn, derives from a general observation of the reality (premises or theories). In this paper we will examine some of the most recent randomized trials performed in Intensive Care, analyzing their...
Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations - November 27, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Luciano GattinoniEleonora CarlessoAlessandro Santini Source Type: research