Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

The emergence of health inequalities in early adulthood: evidence on timing and mechanisms from a West of Scotland cohort
Conclusions: The results suggest complex and reciprocal relationships between SEP and health and highlight adolescence and early adulthood as a sensitive period for this process, impacting on future life-chances and health. (Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations)
Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations - January 21, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Helen SweetingMichael GreenMichaela BenzevalPatrick West Source Type: research

Interventions in sports settings to reduce risky alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm: a systematic review
Conclusions: A limited number of studies have been conducted to assess the effect of interventions implemented in sports settings on alcohol consumption and related harms. While two of the three studies found significant intervention effects, it is difficult to determine the extent to which such effects are generalisable. Further controlled trials are required in this setting.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42014001739 (Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations)
Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations - January 21, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Melanie KingslandJohn WiggersKhanrin VashumRebecca HodderLuke Wolfenden Source Type: research

Characterisation of trials where marketing purposes have been influential in study design: a descriptive study
Cases have revealed that some industry-funded trials may have design aspects that relate more to marketing purposes than informed by science. To investigate the prevalence and characteristics, reports of RCTs were assessed and consensus was that a fifth of published drug trials had features suggestive of being designed for marketing purposes. (Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations)
Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations - January 21, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Virginia BarbourDruin BurchFiona GodleeCarl HeneghanRichard LehmanRafael PereraJoseph RossSara Schroter Source Type: research

Evaluation of psychometric properties and factorial structure of the pre-school child behaviour checklist at the Kenyan Coast
Background: Behavioural/emotional problems may be common in preschool children living in resource-poor settings, but assessment of these problems in preschool children from poor areas is challenging owing to lack of appropriate behavioural screening tools. The child behaviour checklist (CBCL) is widely known for its reliability in identifying behavioural/emotional problems in preschool children, but it has not been validated for use in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: With permission from developers of CBCL, we translated this tool into Ki-Swahili and adapted the items to make them culturally appropriate and contextually relev...
Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations - January 20, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Symon KariukiAmina AbubakarElizabeth MurrayAlan SteinCharles Newton Source Type: research

Early changes in blood-based joint tissue destruction biomarkers are predictive of response to tocilizumab in the LITHE study
Conclusion: This enhanced pharmacodynamic (PD) response enabled identification of early responders with a superior TCZ clinical benefit. This biomarker model may assist in the identification of TCZ responsive RA patients and thus potentially benefit individual patients.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov: NCT00106535. JAN 2005 (Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations)
Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations - January 20, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Anne Bay-JensenAdam PlattAnne SiebuhrClaus ChristiansenInger ByrjalsenMorten Karsdal Source Type: research

Effects of black cohosh on estrogen biosynthesis in hippocampus of non-human primates ex vivo in vitro and in human neuroblastoma cells in vitro
Background: Estrogens have neuroprotective properties. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of an isopropanolic extract of Cimicifuga racemosa (iCR), 17ß-estradiol (E2), testosterone (T) and Tibolone’s 3α-OH metabolite (Org4094) on local estrogen formation in hippocampus tissue from non-human primates ex vivo in vitro and human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) in vitro. Methods: SH-SY5Y cells were incubated in RPMI 1640 medium containing 5 % steroid-depleted fetal calf serum for 3 days, and subsequently incubated in absence or presence of iCR at 10 μg/ml (n = 5) and 1 μg/ml (n = 5), E2 at 10 ...
Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations - January 20, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Petra StuteGunnar HabermannLudwig KieselHans-Heinrich ZepelinSusana Garcia de Arriba Source Type: research

Factors that associated with TB patient admission rate and TB inpatient service cost: a cross-sectional study in China
This study estimated the admission rate and inpatient service cost for tuberculosis(TB) treatment in China and associated factors were also explored with the qualitative and quantitative studies. The study can help to explain why the physicians and TB patients prefer the inpatient service and propose suggestions to control the high admission rate and service cost. Image: the study team conducted a patient survey in Zhenjiang, China. (Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations)
Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations - January 20, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Hongyan HuJiaying ChenKaori SatoYang ZhouHui JiangPingbo WuHong Wang Source Type: research

Nitrous oxide emission by the non-denitrifying, nitrate ammonifier Bacillus licheniformis
Conclusions: Using physiological and genomic data we have demonstrated that the common soil bacterium B. licheniformis does not denitrify but is capable of fermentative dissimilatory nitrate/nitrite reduction to ammonium (DNRA) with concomitant production of N 2 O. Considering its ubiquitous nature and non-fastidious growth in the lab, B. licheniformis is a suitable candidate for further exploration of the actual mechanism of N 2 O production in DNRA bacteria and its relevance in situ. (Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations)
Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations - January 19, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Yihua SunPaul De VosKim Heylen Source Type: research

Geographical distribution of genetic diversity in Secale landrace and wild accessions
Conclusions: With the exception of S. strictum and S. africanum different rye taxa share the majority of the genetic variation. Due to the vast sharing of genetic diversity within the S. cereale clade, ascertainment bias seems to be a lesser problem in rye than in predominantly selfing species. By exploiting within accession diversity geographic structure can be shown on a much finer scale than previously reported. (Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations)
Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations - January 19, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Jenny HagenbladHugo OliveiraNils ForsbergMatti Leino Source Type: research

Case report: severe cytomegalovirus primary infection in an immunocompetent adult with disseminated intravascular coagulation treated with valganciclovir
Conclusions: Primary CMV infection can occur accompanied with life threatening complications even in immunocompetent patients. Immediate treatment with Valganciclovir should be considered as an early treatment of choice in severe cases since specific neutralisation capacity might need several weeks to develop. (Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations)
Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations - January 19, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Niklas MüllerMatthias SchamperaGerhard JahnNisar MalekChristoph BergKlaus Hamprecht Source Type: research

Direct comparison of different surgical approaches in a woman with bilateral osteochondrosis dissecans of her knees: a case report
Conclusions: In cases of failed conservative treatment of osteochondrosis dissecans lesions of the knee joint surgery should be taken into consideration. Considering this case, we believe that the focus should be the preservation of the cartilaginous layer whenever possible or at least replacement with high quality replacement tissue, such as autologous chondrocyte implantation. (Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations)
Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations - January 19, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Marco SchneiderStefan PreissGian Salzmann Source Type: research

Fighting for independence
This study therefore investigated whether the success of larger crickets is influenced by sensory input from the antennae, in part by assessing the number of fights that large ‘antennectomized’ crickets won against small crickets, compared with the number that large, intact crickets won. The success rate was significantly lower in antennectomized males, though they still won the majority of fights (73/100 versus 58/100, Fisher’s exact test P  (Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations)
Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations - January 19, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Emma Saxon Source Type: research

Effects of light-emitting diode supplementary lighting on the winter growth of greenhouse plants in the Yangtze River Delta of China
Conclusions: These results can serve as a guide for environment control and for realizing low energy consumption for products grown in a greenhouse in the winter in Southern China. (Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations)
Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations - January 18, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Xue LiWei LuGuyue HuXiao WangYu ZhangGuo SunZhichao Fang Source Type: research

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells from patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus exhibit preserved in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory properties
Conclusions: Thus, bone marrow MSCs isolated from T1D patients recently after diagnosis are not phenotypically or functionally impaired by harmful inflammatory and metabolic diabetic conditions. Our results provide support for the use of autologous MSCs for treatment of newly diagnosed T1D patients. (Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations)
Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations - January 18, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Juliana YaochiteKalil de LimaCarolina Caliari-OliveiraPatricia PalmaCarlos CouriBelinda SimõesDimas CovasJúlio VoltarelliMaria OliveiraEduardo DonadiKelen Malmegrim Source Type: research

Erratum to: Copy number variation in CEP57L1 predisposes to congenital absence of bilateral ACL and PCL ligaments
No description available (Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations)
Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations - January 18, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Yichuan LiuYun LiMichael MarchKenny NguyenKexiang XuFengxiang WangYiran GuoBrendan KeatingJoseph GlessnerJiankang LiTheodore GanleyJianguo ZhangMatthew DeardorffXun XuHakon Hakonarson Source Type: research