The rationale for preventing cancer cachexia: targeting excessive fatty acid oxidation.
Authors: Qian CN
Abstract
Cachexia commonly occurs at the terminal stage of cancer and has largely unclear molecular mechanisms. A recent study published in Nature Medicine, entitled "Excessive fatty acid oxidation induces muscle atrophy in cancer cachexia," reveals that cachectic cancer cells can secrete multiple cytokines that induce excessive fatty acid oxidation, which is responsible for muscle loss in cancer cachexia. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation using etomoxir can increase muscle mass and body weight in cancer cachexia animal models. The usage of stable cachexia animal models is also discussed ...
Source: Chinese Journal of Cancer - July 26, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Chin J Cancer Source Type: research
Genetic alteration and mutation profiling of circulating cell-free tumor DNA (cfDNA) for diagnosis and targeted therapy of gastrointestinal stromal tumors.
Authors: Yan W, Zhang A, Powell MJ
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) have been recognized as a biologically distinctive type of tumor, different from smooth muscle and neural tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. The identification of genetic aberrations in proto-oncogenes that drive the growth of GISTs is critical for improving the efficacy of cancer therapy by matching targeted drugs to specific mutations. Research into the oncogenic mechanisms of GISTs has found that these tumors frequently contain activating gene mutations in either platelet-derived growth factor receptor A (PDGFRA) or a...
Source: Chinese Journal of Cancer - July 26, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Chin J Cancer Source Type: research
Long-term survival of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer patients who underwent robotic procedure: a propensity score-matched study.
CONCLUSIONS: Robotic lung resections result in similar long-term survival as compared with VATS and thoracotomy. Robot-assisted and VATS procedures are associated with short lengths of hospital stay, and the robotic procedure in particular results in superior lymph node assessment. Considering the alarming increase in the incidence of lung cancer in China, a nationwide database of prospectively collected data available for clinical research would be especially important.
PMID: 27389329 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Chinese Journal of Cancer)
Source: Chinese Journal of Cancer - July 10, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Chin J Cancer Source Type: research
Outcomes of preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery in patients with unresectable locally advanced sigmoid colon cancer.
CONCLUSION: For patients with unresectable LASCC, preoperative chemoradiotherapy and surgery can be performed safely and may result in an increased survival rate.
PMID: 27389519 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Chinese Journal of Cancer)
Source: Chinese Journal of Cancer - July 10, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Chin J Cancer Source Type: research
Relapse of both small cell lung cancer and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome after a 13-year disease-free survival period.
We report a patient who had a recurrence of both SCLC and LEMS after a 13-year DFS period. A 69-year-old man was diagnosed with LEMS and SCLC (cT0N2M0, stage IIIA) 13 years ago. Chemoradiotherapy was performed and a complete response was achieved. With anticancer treatment, the LEMS symptoms was alleviated. At the age of 82 years, gait disturbance appeared followed by left supraclavicular lymphadenopathy and further examination revealed the recurrence of SCLC. Careful screening for the recurrence of SCLC might be needed when the patient has recurrent or secondary paraneoplastic neurological syndrome even after a long DFS...
Source: Chinese Journal of Cancer - July 4, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Chin J Cancer Source Type: research
MicroRNA-506 is up-regulated in the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and is associated with attenuated disease progression.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that miR-506 either plays a role as an oncogene in the tumorigenesis and a tumor suppressor in the progression or serves as a house-keeping, tumor-suppressing miRNA, whose expression can be activated by oncogenic signals in early development to hinder the progression of PDAC.
PMID: 27371108 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Chinese Journal of Cancer)
Source: Chinese Journal of Cancer - July 4, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Chin J Cancer Source Type: research
Palliative primary tumor resection provides survival benefits for the patients with metastatic colorectal cancer and low circulating levels of dehydrogenase and carcinoembryonic antigen.
CONCLUSIONS: For mCRC patients with unresectable metastases, PPTR can improve OS and PFS after first-line chemotherapy and decrease the incidence of new organ involvement. However, PPTR should be recommended only for patients with normal LDH levels and with CEA levels <70 ng/mL.
PMID: 27357402 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Chinese Journal of Cancer)
Source: Chinese Journal of Cancer - July 2, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Chin J Cancer Source Type: research
Low expression of centrosomal protein 78 (CEP78) is associated with poor prognosis of colorectal cancer patients.
CONCLUSIONS: CEP78 might function as a tumor suppressor and serve as a novel prognostic marker in CRC.
PMID: 27357513 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Chinese Journal of Cancer)
Source: Chinese Journal of Cancer - July 2, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Chin J Cancer Source Type: research
Combination therapy in cancer: effects of angiogenesis inhibitors on drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
Authors: Fuso Nerini I, Cesca M, Bizzaro F, Giavazzi R
Abstract
Validated preclinical studies have provided evidence that anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) compounds enhance the activity of subsequent antitumor therapy, but the mechanism of this potentiation is far from clear. The most widespread explanation is enhanced delivery of therapeutics due to vascular remodeling, lower interstitial pressure, and increased blood flow. While the antiangiogenic effects on vascular morphology have been fairly consistent in both preclinical and clinical settings, the improvement of tumor vessel function is...
Source: Chinese Journal of Cancer - July 2, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Chin J Cancer Source Type: research
A model to predict the risk of lethal nasopharyngeal necrosis after re-irradiation with intensity-modulated radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.
CONCLUSIONS: A model that includes sex, necrosis before re-irradiation, accumulated total prescription dose to GTV, and recurrent tumor volume can effectively predict the risk of developing LNN in NPC patients who undergo radical re-irradiation with IMRT.
PMID: 27357728 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Chinese Journal of Cancer)
Source: Chinese Journal of Cancer - July 2, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Chin J Cancer Source Type: research
Protein stability regulators screening assay (Pro-SRSA): protein degradation meets the CRISPR-Cas9 library.
Authors: Wu Y, Kang T
Abstract
The regulation of protein stability is a fundamental issue for biophysical processes, but there has not previously been a convenient and unbiased method of identifying regulators of protein stability. However, as reported in the article entitled "A genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 screening method for protein stability reveals novel regulators of Cdc25A," recently published in Cell Discovery, our team developed a protein stability regulators screening assay (Pro-SRSA) by combining the whole-genome clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats Cas9 (CRISPR-Cas9) library wi...
Source: Chinese Journal of Cancer - July 2, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Chin J Cancer Source Type: research
Preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio plus platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in predicting survival for patients with stage I-II gastric cancer.
CONCLUSION: The preoperative NLR-PLR score is a useful predictor of postoperative survival in the patients with stage I-II gastric cancer and may help identify high-risk patients for rational therapy and timely follow-up.
PMID: 27342313 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Chinese Journal of Cancer)
Source: Chinese Journal of Cancer - June 29, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Chin J Cancer Source Type: research
Chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: opportunities for advancement.
Authors: Akhtari M, Bernicker EH, Teh BS
Abstract
Locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) continues to be a challenging disease to treat. With high rates of both local and distant failures, there is significant interest in finding more biologically active chemotherapy regimens that can contribute to reduce both failures. The phase III PROCLAIM trial, recently published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology entitled "PROCLAIM: randomized phase III trial of pemetrexed-cisplatin or etoposide-cisplatin plus thoracic radiation therapy followed by consolidation chemotherapy in locally advanced nonsquam...
Source: Chinese Journal of Cancer - June 26, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Chin J Cancer Source Type: research
Colorectal cancer mortality trends in Serbia during 1991-2010: an age-period-cohort analysis and a joinpoint regression analysis.
CONCLUSIONS: We found that colorectal cancer mortality in Serbia increased considerably over the past two decades. Mortality increased particularly in men, but the trends were different according to age group and subsite. In Serbia, interventions to reduce colorectal cancer burden, especially the implementation of a national screening program, as well as treatment improvements and measures to encourage the adoption of a healthy lifestyle, are needed.
PMID: 27333993 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Chinese Journal of Cancer)
Source: Chinese Journal of Cancer - June 25, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Chin J Cancer Source Type: research
Molecular profiles to biology and pathways: a systems biology approach.
Authors: Van Laere S, Dirix L, Vermeulen P
Abstract
Interpreting molecular profiles in a biological context requires specialized analysis strategies. Initially, lists of relevant genes were screened to identify enriched concepts associated with pathways or specific molecular processes. However, the shortcoming of interpreting gene lists by using predefined sets of genes has resulted in the development of novel methods that heavily rely on network-based concepts. These algorithms have the advantage that they allow a more holistic view of the signaling properties of the condition under study as well as that ...
Source: Chinese Journal of Cancer - June 19, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Chin J Cancer Source Type: research
