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Genetic association of the glycine cleavage system genes and myelomeningocele
ConclusionWe identified novel and rare, known variants in two of the four GCS genes that may contribute to the development of MM. Consistent with previous findings, the current study provides additional support that genetic variations in GCS genes contribute to the risk of NTDs. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology)
Source: Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology - September 12, 2016 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Rita H. Shah, Hope Northrup, James E. Hixson, Alanna C. Morrison, Kit Sing Au Tags: Original Research Article Source Type: research

Issue Information
(Source: Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology)
Source: Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology - September 11, 2016 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Tags: Issue Information Source Type: research

Cover Image
(Source: Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology)
Source: Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology - September 11, 2016 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Tags: Cover Image Source Type: research

G ‐protein‐coupled receptor signaling and neural tube closure defects
Disruption of the normal mechanisms that mediate neural tube closure can result in neural tube defects (NTDs) with devastating consequences in affected patients. With the advent of next‐generation sequencing, we are increasingly detecting mutations in multiple genes in NTD cases. However, our ability to determine which of these genes contribute to the malformation is limited by our understanding of the pathways controlling neural tube closure. G‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise the largest family of transmembrane receptors in humans and have been historically favored as drug targets. Recent studies implicat...
Source: Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology - August 31, 2016 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Issei S. Shimada, Saikat Mukhopadhyay Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Diprosopus: Systematic review and report of two cases
ConclusionThe conjoined twins prevalence was similar to other studies. The prevalence of diprosopus was higher. The etiology is still unknown. The presence of visceral laterality anomalies may indicate the link between diprosopus and the alteration or duplication of the primitive node in the perigastrulation period (12–15 days postfertilization). Pregnancies of more than two embryos may be a risk factor for diprosopus. Given the low prevalence of this defect, it would be useful to perform studies involving several surveillance systems and international consortiums. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2016. © 2016 Wiley Per...
Source: Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology - August 31, 2016 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Mar ía Paz Bidondo, Boris Groisman, Agostina Tardivo, Fabián Tomasoni, Verónica Tejeiro, Inés Camacho, Mariana Vilas, Rosa Liascovich, Pablo Barbero Tags: Original Research Article Source Type: research

Changing of the guards: EMA warning on paternal use of mycophenolate mofetil: An unnecessary and insufficiently substantiated precaution
(Source: Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology)
Source: Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology - August 31, 2016 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Per Damkier, Anneke Passier, Lotte Bo Petersen, Gro Havnen, Andreas James Thestrup Pedersen Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research

Acardiac twin pregnancies part III: Model simulations
ConclusionOur simulations support clinical results which show that UVD ratios aid in the prediction of pump twin risk. The AA anastomosis controls the future of both the pump and the acardiac. Correlation between acardiac size and pump twin risk is secondary to the AA size but remains clinically usable. These factors may aid in the development of methods for pump twin prognosis and the promotion of selective clinical interventions.Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2016.© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology)
Source: Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology - August 31, 2016 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Martin J.C. Gemert, Michael G. Ross, Peter G.J. Nikkels, Jeroen P.H.M. van den Wijngaard Tags: Original Research Article Source Type: research

Mechanics of neurulation: From classical to current perspectives on the physical mechanics that shape, fold, and form the neural tube
Neural tube defects arise from mechanical failures in the process of neurulation. At the most fundamental level, formation of the neural tube relies on coordinated, complex tissue movements that mechanically transform the flat neural epithelium into a lumenized epithelial tube (Davidson, 2012). The nature of this mechanical transformation has mystified embryologists, geneticists, and clinicians for more than 100 years. Early embryologists pondered the physical mechanisms that guide this transformation. Detailed observations of cell and tissue movements as well as experimental embryological manipulations allowed researchers...
Source: Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology - August 31, 2016 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Deepthi S. Vijayraghavan, Lance A. Davidson Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Issue Information
(Source: Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology)
Source: Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology - August 11, 2016 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Tags: Issue Information Source Type: research

Cover Image
(Source: Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology)
Source: Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology - August 11, 2016 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Tags: Cover Image Source Type: research

Association between IRF6 and 8q24 polymorphisms and nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate: Systematic review and meta ‐analysis
ConclusionWe show robust variant effects in NSCL/P. Considering them with other genes and risk factors might be useful to improve prediction of NSCL/P occurrence. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2016. © 2016 The Authors Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology)
Source: Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology - August 10, 2016 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Kachin Wattanawong, Sasivimol Rattanasiri, Mark McEvoy, John Attia, Ammarin Thakkinstian Tags: Original Research Article Source Type: research

Birth defects and neonatal morbidity caused by teratogen exposure after the embryonic period
ConclusionThe final result is a list of major and minor anomalies in 11 organ system categories that may be caused by teratogen exposure during the fetal period. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology)
Source: Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology - August 10, 2016 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Angela E. Scheuerle, Arthur S. Aylsworth Tags: Brief Report Source Type: research

Prevalence and descriptive epidemiology of esophageal atresia in the Russian Federation
CONCLUSIONIn this study, the prevalence of EA across different regions of the Russian Federation was analyzed. The prevalence of EA in the period under study remained stable, and the relative risk of EA was associated with maternal age, birth weight and gravidity. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology)
Source: Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology - July 31, 2016 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Nataliya S. Demikova, Yulia V. Vydrych, Marina A. Podolnaya, Aleksandra S. Lapina, Aliy Yu. Asanov Tags: Original Research Article Source Type: research

A 2015 global update on folic acid ‐preventable spina bifida and anencephaly
ConclusionKnowledge that folic acid prevents spina bifida and anencephaly has existed for 25 years, yet only a small fraction of FAP SBA is being prevented worldwide. Several countries still have 5‐ to 20‐fold epidemics of FAP SBA. Implementation of mandatory fortification with folic acid offers governments a proven and rapid way to prevent FAP SBA‐associated disability and mortality, and to help achieve health‐related Sustainable Development Goals. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:520–529, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology)
Source: Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology - July 14, 2016 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Annelise Arth, Vijaya Kancherla, Helena Pach ón, Sarah Zimmerman, Quentin Johnson, Godfrey P. Oakley Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

A 2015 global update on folic acid‐preventable spina bifida and anencephaly
ConclusionKnowledge that folic acid prevents spina bifida and anencephaly has existed for 25 years, yet only a small fraction of FAP SBA is being prevented worldwide. Several countries still have 5‐ to 20‐fold epidemics of FAP SBA. Implementation of mandatory fortification with folic acid offers governments a proven and rapid way to prevent FAP SBA‐associated disability and mortality, and to help achieve health‐related Sustainable Development Goals. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:520–529, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology)
Source: Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology - July 14, 2016 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Annelise Arth, Vijaya Kancherla, Helena Pachón, Sarah Zimmerman, Quentin Johnson, Godfrey P. Oakley Tags: Research Article Source Type: research