Prediabetes is associated with impaired retinal vasodilation: The Maastricht Study
Aim: Type 2 diabetes (DM2) causes microvascular dysfunction (MVD). In addition, MVD can contribute to insulin resistance, predisposing to DM2. This hypothesis predicts that MVD should be present in impaired glucose metabolism (IGM; prediabetes). However, population-based studies of MVD and glucose metabolism are not available. We investigated this using the retinal arteriolar dilator response to flicker light. (Source: Artery Research)
Source: Artery Research - November 24, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Ben Sörensen, Boy Houben, Tos Berendschot, Jan Schouten, Bram Kroon, Carla van der Kallen, Ronald Henry, Annemarie Koster, Pieter Dagnelie, Nicolaas Schaper, Miranda Schram, Coen Stehouwer Source Type: research
Origins of the backward traveling wave in the arterial tree
Backward traveling waves, an important determinant of central haemodynamics, are usually regarded as being due to reflections from discontinuities in the arterial tree. However, consideration of a single tube model of the arterial with a single site of reflection shows that a backward pressure wave may be generated by elastic recoil of large arteries, in which case the magnitude of the backward wave is proportional to that of the forward wave. A 55-segment 1-D model of the arterial which allows reflection as a continuum along the arterial tree and, for a given prescribed aortic flow, generates physiological aortic pulse wa...
Source: Artery Research - November 24, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Ye Li, Henry Fok, Benyu Jiang, Sally Epstein, Marie Willemet, Jordi Alastruey, Kim Parker, Phil Chowienczyk Source Type: research
An easy and intuitive web interface for the assessment of measurements of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and local arterial stiffness relative to the reference values database
Objective: The use of different devices and methods still hampers the widespread clinical use of the reference values for arterial stiffness. The aim of this work was therefore to create a web-based application that allows easy assessment - for different methodological approaches - of a given measured value of arterial stiffness, with the application providing the percentile reference associated with that specific value. (Source: Artery Research)
Source: Artery Research - November 24, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Francisco Londoño, Jelle Bossuyt, Patrick Segers, Luc Van Bortel Source Type: research
Evaluation of the mutual relationships among the development of hypertension, arterial stiffening and renal function decline based on repeated longitudinal measurements
Background: The mechanisms underlying the development of hypertension have not yet been fully clarified. The mutual relationships among the development of hypertension and the longitudinal changes of arterial stiffness and renal function, and also the effect of maintenance of a normal body weight on these relationships were evaluated by a linear mixed-effects regression model analysis (LMM). (Source: Artery Research)
Source: Artery Research - November 24, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Hirofumi Tomiyama, Akira Yamashina Source Type: research
Association of vascular risk factors with brain structure and function
Background: Vascular risk factors have been associated with brain aging. We aimed to determine the associations between blood pressure (BP), atherosclerosis, arterial stiffness and microvascular damage with both structural and functional measures of the brain. (Source: Artery Research)
Source: Artery Research - November 24, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Chloe Park, Therese Tillin, Robert Stewart, Nish Chaturvedi, Alun Hughes Source Type: research
Aortic stiffness is related to cerebral lesion growth in patients with acute ischemic stroke
Objective: Cerebral lesion growth in acute ischemic stroke leads to secondary neurological deterioration and poor outcome. Whether cSBP and arterial stiffness are related to the early brain infarct growth in patients after ischemic stroke is unknown. (Source: Artery Research)
Source: Artery Research - November 24, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Dariusz Gasecki, Mariusz Kwarciany, Kamil Kowalczyk, Anna Gójska-Grymajło, Tomasz Nowicki, Edyta Szurowska, Pierre Boutouyrie, Stephane Laurent, Krzysztof Narkiewicz, Bartosz Karaszewski Source Type: research
Effect of aliskiren on vascular remodeling in small retinal circulation
Background: In hypertension changes in small arterial structure are characterized by an increased wall-to-lumen ratio (WLR). These adaptive processes are modulated by the renin angiotensin system. It is unclear whether direct renin inhibitors exert protective effects on small arteries in hypertensive patients. (Source: Artery Research)
Source: Artery Research - November 24, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Christian Ott, Agnes Jumar, Joanna Harazny, Stephanie Schmidt, Roland Schmieder Source Type: research
The inhomogeneity of diastolic-systolic rise time of the distension waveform distribution in the common carotid artery is associated with lipid presence of distal plaques
Objectives: Diastolic-systolic rise time characteristics of the distension waveform distribution, i.e., mean and inhomogeneity, might be modified by wave reflections from distal plaques. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between rise time characteristics for the common carotid artery (CCA) and composition of distal plaques. (Source: Artery Research)
Source: Artery Research - November 24, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: J. Steinbuch, F.H.B.M. Schreuder, M.T.B. Truijman, A.A.J. de Rotte, M.I. Liem, E. Hermeling, A.P.G. Hoeks, W.H. Mess Source Type: research
The effect of glycaemic state transition on accelerated aortic stiffening: A longitudinal study in the Whitehall II cohort
In 4,759 participants from the Whitehall II study, we examined the impact of glycaemic history on aortic stiffening. Assessment of aortic stiffness by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) was performed twice with a 4 year interval (2007–2009 and 2012–2013). At the first aortic stiffness assessment and 5 years earlier (2002–2004 and 2007–2009 respectively), participants were categorised into 3 groups based on measurements of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour plasma glucose (2hPG), and HbA1c: normoglycaemia, dysglycaemia and type 2 diabetes. (Source: Artery Research)
Source: Artery Research - November 24, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Nanna B. Johansen, Martin Shipley, Daniel R. Witte, Adam G. Tabak, Eric J. Brunner Source Type: research
Forward and backward waves at the aortic root: Steady-state and wave re-reflection considerations
Background: The assumption of steady-state oscillation is often overlooked when arterial pressure and flow waveforms are decomposed into backward (Pb) and forward waves (Pf). This has led to various misinterpretations including a significant reflection-free time during early-systole and attribution of the Pf to solely a product of left ventricular contraction and proximal aortic properties. (Source: Artery Research)
Source: Artery Research - November 24, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Timothy Phan, John Li, Vandan Panchal, Amer Syed, Ejaz Shah, Julio Chirinos Source Type: research
A systematic review and meta-analysis of central to brachial blood pressure amplification in patients type 2 diabetes mellitus
Background: Brachial blood pressure (BP) may not reflect central BP due to systolic BP (SBP) amplification. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) elicit vascular irregularities that may affect SBP amplification or other central BP indices (including pulse pressure [PP], augmentation pressure [AP] and augmentation index [AIx]). By systematic review and meta-analysis, this study aimed to determine the magnitude and variation of central-to-brachial SBP and PP amplification, AIx and AP in T2DM compared to non-diabetic controls. (Source: Artery Research)
Source: Artery Research - November 24, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Rachel Climie, Petr Otahal, Martin Schultz, James Fell, Velandai Srikanth, James Sharman Source Type: research
Relationship of carotid arterial functional and structural changes to left atrial volume inuntreated hypertension
The contribution of arterial functional and structural changes to left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction has been the area of latest research. There are some studies on the relationship of arterial stiffness (a.s.) and left atrial (LA) remodeling as a marker of diastolic burden. Little is known on the association of arterial structural changes and LA remodeling in hypertension (H). (Source: Artery Research)
Source: Artery Research - November 24, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Joanna Jaroch, Barbara Rzyczkowska, Zbigniew Bociaga, Olga Vriz, Caterina Driussi, Maria Loboz-Rudnicka, Krzysztof Dudek, Krystyna Loboz-Grudzien Source Type: research
Inertial-viscoelastic minimal model of the arterial system reconciles arterial compliance estimations
Background: The arterial system is viscoelastic rather than purely elastic. There exist various methods to characterize the purely elastic nature of arterial compliance, each method yielding different values. The pulse pressure method (CPPM), estimating compliance by matching the pulse pressure (PP) of a two-element Windkessel to measured PP, yields consistently lower values than the pressure decay time method (Cdec) and diastolic area method (Carea). An alternative inertial-viscoelastic model (IVEMM) that is viscoelastic and frequency-dependent rather than purely elastic and constant has been shown in dogs to reconcile th...
Source: Artery Research - November 24, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Timothy Phan, John Li, Maheshwara Koppula, Izzah Vasim, Swapna Varakantam, Julio Chirinos Source Type: research
Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products and aortic stiffness in general population
It has been suggested that accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGE) is involved in several pathophysiological processes in the vessel wall. Soluble isoform of receptor for AGE (sRAGE) acts as a decoy for capturing circulating AGE, prevents them from binding to the cell-surface receptor and protects against the RAGE-AGE axis-elicited processes. We hypothesized that low sRAGE levels might be associated with increased arterial stiffness. (Source: Artery Research)
Source: Artery Research - November 24, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Otto Mayer, Jan Filipovsky, Jitka Seidlerova, Petra Karnosova, Peter Wohlfahrt, Renata Cifkova, Jindra Windrichova, Ondrej Topolcan Source Type: research
The influence of sex and age on arterial function in response to an acute inflammatory stimulus
Background: Aging is associated with increased arterial stiffness and chronic low-grade inflammation. Acute inflammatory stimulus in the presence of low-grade chronic inflammation briefly increases the risk of cardiovascular events. The risk of cardiovascular events also increases substantially in older compared to younger women, therefore the relationship between sex and aging is important to understand. (Source: Artery Research)
Source: Artery Research - November 24, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Alexander Rosenberg, Abbi Lane-Cordova, Kanokwan Bunsawat, Sang Ouk Wee, Tracy Baynard, Bo Fernhall Source Type: research
