A case for revisiting Nodal signaling in human pluripotent stem cells
Hayes et al discuss the implications of recent advances in our understanding of Nodal signaling for the maintenance and self-renewal of human pluripotent stem cells. AbstractNodal is a transforming growth factor- β (TGF-β) superfamily member that plays a number of critical roles in mammalian embryonic development. Nodal is essential for the support of the peri-implantation epiblast in the mouse embryo, and subsequently acts to specify mesendodermal fate at the time of gastrulation, and later, left-right as ymmetry. Maintenance of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in vitro is dependent on Nodal signaling. Because it ...
Source: Stem Cells - May 10, 2021 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Kevin Hayes,
Yun ‐Kyo Kim,
Martin F. Pera Tags: Concise Review Source Type: research
miR ‐351‐3p promotes rat amniotic fluid‐derived mesenchymal stromal cell proliferation via targeting the coding sequence of Abca4
From left to right, we show that amniotic fluid (AF) was isolated from pregnant rats, AF ‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AFMSCs) were cultured in the laboratory, highly proliferative AFMSCs were determined, RNA sequencing was conducted, and biological experiments and transcription data were integrated to unveil the regulator of AFMSC proliferation, which was found to be a novel pr oliferation‐related factor. AbstractAmniotic fluid ‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AFMSCs) present different features, depending on the isolation timing and culture conditions. The lack of uniform experimental standards hinders the ...
Source: Stem Cells - May 10, 2021 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Jieting Huang,
Qi Zhao,
Xiaowei Wei,
Wei Ma,
Wenting Luo,
Hui Gu,
Dan Liu,
Yiwen He,
Tianchu Huang,
Yusi Liu,
Chenfei Wang,
Zhengwei Yuan Tags: Stem Cell Technology: Epigenetics, Genomics, Proteomics and Metabonomics Source Type: research
Neural stem cells in the adult olfactory bulb core generate mature neurons in vivo
Local neural stem cells (NSCs) contribute to neurogenesis (thick arrows) and gliogenesis (thin arrows) in the adult olfactory bulb. GCL, Granule cell layer; ML, Mitral layer; EPL, External plexiform layer; GL, Glomerular layer. AbstractAlthough previous studies suggest that neural stem cells (NSCs) exist in the adult olfactory bulb (OB), their location, identity and capacity to generate mature neuronsin vivo has been little explored. Here, we injected EGFP ‐expressing retroviral particles into the OB core of adult mice to label dividing cells and to track the differentiation/maturation of any neurons they might generate....
Source: Stem Cells - May 8, 2021 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Çağla Defteralı,
Mireia Moreno‐Estellés,
Carlos Crespo,
Eva Díaz‐Guerra,
María Díaz‐Moreno,
Eva Vergaño‐Vera,
Vanesa Nieto‐Estévez,
Anahí Hurtado‐Chong,
Antonella Consiglio,
Helena Mira,
Carlos Vicario Tags: Tissue ‐Specific Stem Cells Source Type: research
Radiotherapy and the immune system: More than just immune suppression
The tumor microenvironment, A, can be modulated by radiotherapy (RT) through the induction of immunogenic cell death, B, leading to the priming of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, C. Combinations of RT with immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors counteracting immunosuppression, D, and tumor vaccines or cytokines boosting antitumor immune responses, E, might improve local tumor control and elicit abscopal effects, F. AbstractRadiotherapy (RT) is still one of the standard cancer therapies with up to two third of all cancer patients with solid tumors being irradiated in the course of their disease. The aim of using ion...
Source: Stem Cells - May 7, 2021 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Michael R ückert,
Ann‐Sophie Flohr,
Markus Hecht,
Udo S. Gaipl Tags: Translational and Clinical Research Source Type: research
Special Series: Stem Cells and Hearing Loss
(Source: Stem Cells)
Source: Stem Cells - May 5, 2021 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Majlinda Lako,
Konstantina M. Stankovic,
Miodrag Stojkovic Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Enteric mesenchymal cells support the growth of postnatal enteric neural stem cells
This study identifies that mesenchymal non ‐neural crest‐derived cells (NNCDCs) from the postnatal intestine act as supporting cells to enteric neural crest‐derived cells (ENCDCs) and enhances ENCDC expression of neural stem cell markers. These properties can be leveraged to expand ENCDCs for their therapeutic application as demonstrat ed by successful engraftment and differentiation after transplantation in a mouse model of Hirschsprung disease. AbstractInterplay between embryonic enteric neural stem cells (ENSCs) and enteric mesenchymal cells (EMCs) in the embryonic gut is essential for normal development of the en...
Source: Stem Cells - May 3, 2021 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Rhian Stavely,
Sukhada Bhave,
Wing Lam N. Ho,
Minhal Ahmed,
Weikang Pan,
Ahmed A. Rahman,
Jessica Ulloa,
Nicole Bousquet,
Meredith Omer,
Richard Guyer,
Nandor Nagy,
Allan M. Goldstein,
Ryo Hotta Tags: Tissue ‐Specific Stem Cells Source Type: research
Expression levels and activation status of Yap splicing isoforms determine self ‐renewal and differentiation potential of embryonic stem cells
Two Yap isoforms are found to be expressed and have overlapping and distinct functions in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Yap472 exerts a more pronounced biological effect and being more essential for neuroectoderm differentiation than Yap488. Whereas wild type Yap promotes ESC self ‐renewal, constitutive Yap activation induces trophectoderm trans‐differentiation. These findings reveal a multifaceted and cell state‐dependent role of Yaps in ESC fate decision. AbstractYap is the key effector of Hippo signaling; however, its role in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) remains controversial. Here, we identify two Yap splicing isof...
Source: Stem Cells - May 3, 2021 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Xueyue Wang,
Yan Ruan,
Junlei Zhang,
Yanping Tian,
Lianlian Liu,
JiaLi Wang,
Gaoke Liu,
Yuda Cheng,
Yixiao Xu,
Yi Yang,
Meng Yu,
Binyu Zhao,
Yue Zhang,
Jiaqi Wang,
Jiangjun Wang,
Wei Wu,
Ping He,
Lan Xiao,
Jiaxiang Xiong,
Rui Jian Tags: Stem Cell Technology: Epigenetics, Genomics, Proteomics and Metabonomics Source Type: research
Lef ‐1 controls cell cycle progression in airway basal cells to regulate proliferation and differentiation
Airway basal stem cells utilize Lef ‐1 to regulate the expression of certain DNA damage response (DDR) genes, including Chek1, and facilitate proper G1/S checkpoint cell cycle progression required for self‐renewal and differentiation (left panel). Mouse tracheal epithelial cells conditionally deleted for Lef‐1 (Lef‐1cKO) have a selective disadvantage, compared with wild type Lef‐1 (Lef‐1WT) cells, to regenerate an injured epithelium. AbstractThe mammalian airways are lined by a continuous epithelial layer that is maintained by diverse populations of resident multipotent stem cells. These stem cells are responsi...
Source: Stem Cells - May 1, 2021 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Chandler W. Jensen ‐Cody,
Adrianne K. Crooke,
Pavana G. Rotti,
Vitaly Ievlev,
Weam Shahin,
Soo‐Yeun Park,
Thomas J. Lynch,
John F. Engelhardt Tags: Tissue ‐Specific Stem Cells Source Type: research
The case for revisiting Nodal signaling in human pluripotent stem cells
Hayes et al discuss the implications of recent advances in our understanding of Nodal signaling for the maintenance and self ‐renewal of human pluripotent stem cells. AbstractNodal is a TGF ‐beta superfamily member that plays a number of critical roles in mammalian embryonic development. Nodal is essential for the support of the peri‐implantation epiblast in the mouse embryo, and subsequently acts to specify mesendodermal fate at the time of gastrulation, and later, left‐right as ymmetry. Maintenance of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in vitro is dependent on Nodal signaling. Because it has proven difficult ...
Source: Stem Cells - May 1, 2021 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Kevin Hayes,
Yun ‐Kyo Kim,
Martin F. Pera Tags: Embryonic Stem Cells/Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Source Type: research
Cell ‐intrinsic Wnt4 promotes hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell self‐renewal
In conclusion, our results identify a new, largely autocrine role for Wnt4 in hematopoietic stem cell self ‐renewal, suggesting that regulation of Wnt signaling in hematopoiesis may not need Wnt secretion and could be independent of morphogen gradients. (Source: Stem Cells)
Source: Stem Cells - April 29, 2021 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Roxann H étu‐Arbour,
Mouna Tlili,
Fabio Luiz Bandeira Ferreira,
Belma Melda Abidin,
Edward O. Kwarteng,
Krista M. Heinonen Tags: Tissue ‐Specific Stem Cells Source Type: research
