Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and CRISPR/Cas ‐Mediated Targeted Genome Editing: Platforms to Tackle Sensorineural Hearing Loss
In vitro derivation of inner ear cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) which can be subjected to genome editing and used to study biology and genetics of, as well as therapies for sensorineural hearing loss. Genetic analyses include assays of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), single nucleotide variants (SNVs), copy number variants (CNVs), genome ‐wide association studies (GWAS), whole genome sequencing (WGS), whole exome sequencing (WES) and quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis. Transcriptional analyses include studies of gene expression (GEx) and differential expression (DE). Outlier analysis (O...
Source: Stem Cells - February 15, 2021 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Miodrag Stojkovic,
Dongjun Han,
Minjin Jeong,
Petra Stojkovic,
Konstantina M. Stankovic Tags: Embryonic Stem Cells/Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Source Type: research
Mesenchymal stromal cell immunomodulation: In pursuit of controlling COVID ‐19 related cytokine storm
This study provides the cutting edge knowledge on the emerging role of mesenchymal stromal cell in our fight against COVID ‐19, and will have implications on developing innovative therapies for COVID‐19 infected patients (Source: Stem Cells)
Source: Stem Cells - February 15, 2021 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Na Song,
Hiroaki Wakimoto,
Filippo Rossignoli,
Deepak Bhere,
Rachele Ciccocioppo,
Kok ‐Siong Chen,
Jasneet Kaur Khalsa,
Ilenia Mastrolia,
Anna Valeria Samarelli,
Massimo Dominici,
Khalid Shah Tags: Translational and Clinical Research Source Type: research
Urine stem cells are equipped to provide B cell survival signals
Kidney derived urine stem cells are equipped to provide B cells survival signals, promoting their activation, proliferation, and antibody production. Molecular phenotype and supernatant analysis revealed that USCs express the adhesion molecule ICAM ‐1 and secrete B cell‐activating factor (BAFF), interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and CD40L, raising the possibility of an unrecognized active role for these cells in modulating local immune cells. AbstractThe interplay between mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and immune cells has been studied for MSCs isolated from different tissues. However, the immunomodulatory capacity of urine stem c...
Source: Stem Cells - February 13, 2021 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Asmaa A. Zidan,
Griffith B. Perkins,
Mohammed Al ‐Hawwas,
Ahmed Elhossiny,
Jianyu Yang,
Larisa Bobrovskaya,
Ghada M. Mourad,
Xin‐Fu Zhou,
Plinio R. Hurtado Tags: Tissue ‐Specific Stem Cells Source Type: research
The miR ‐200 family is required for ectodermal organ development through the regulation of the epithelial stem cell niche
In this study, we inhibited themiR ‐200 family in developing murine embryos using new technology, resulting in an expanded epithelial stem cell niche and lack of cell differentiation. Inhibition of individual miRs within themiR ‐200 cluster resulted in differential developmental and cell morphology defects.miR ‐200 inhibition increased the expression of dental epithelial stem cell markers, expanded the stem cell niche and decreased progenitor cell differentiation. RNA ‐seq. identifiedmiR ‐200 regulatory pathways involved in cell differentiation and compartmentalization of the stem cell niche. ThemiR ‐200 family...
Source: Stem Cells - February 13, 2021 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Mason Sweat,
Yan Sweat,
Wenjie Yu,
Dan Su,
Riley J. Leonard,
Steven L. Eliason,
Brad A. Amendt Tags: Tissue ‐Specific Stem Cells Source Type: research
A mechanoresponsive PINCH ‐1‐Notch2 interaction regulates smooth muscle differentiation of human placental mesenchymal stem cells
This study shows that in response to mechanical cues from ECM, PINCH‐1 interaction with Notch2 is increased, which inhibits Notch2 degradation and consequently augments Notch2 signaling and smooth muscle differentiation. AbstractExtracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness plays an important role in the decision making process of smooth muscle differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here we show that a signaling axis consisting of PINCH ‐1 and Notch2 is critically involved in mediating the effect of ECM stiffness on smooth muscle differentiation of MSCs. Notch...
Source: Stem Cells - February 12, 2021 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Jie Su,
Ling Guo,
Chuanyue Wu Tags: ORIGINAL RESEARCH Source Type: research
LIF maintains mouse embryonic stem cells pluripotency by modulating TET1 and JMJD2 activity in a JAK2 ‐dependent manner
In this study, Jak2, but not Stat3, in the LIF canonical pathway, establishes an open epigenetic status in the pluripotency gene promoter regions. Upon LIF activation, cytosolic JAK2 was translocalized into the nucleus of mESCs, and reduced DNA methylation (5mC levels) along with increasing DNA hydroxymethylation (5hmC) in the pluripotent gene (Nanog/Pou5f1) promoter regions. In addition, the repressive histone codes H3K9m3/H3K27m3 were reduced by JAK2. Activated JAK2 directly interacted with the core epigenetic enzymes TET1 and JMJD2, modulating its activity and promotes the DNA and histone demethylation, respectively. Th...
Source: Stem Cells - February 12, 2021 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Noviana Wulansari,
Yanuar Alan Sulistio,
Wahyu Handoko Wibowo Darsono,
Chang ‐Hoon Kim,
Sang‐Hun Lee Tags: Stem Cell Technology: Epigenetics, Genomics, Proteomics and Metabonomics Source Type: research
Metabolic sensor O ‐GlcNAcylation regulates megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis through c‐Myc stabilization and integrin perturbation
Megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis can be regulated viaO‐GlcNAc/c‐Myc axis. Inhibition ofO‐GlcNAcylation, which also occurs spontaneously during megakaryocyte differentiation, downregulates c‐Myc at posttranslational level via the promotion of c‐Myc ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. The release of platelets via this regulatory axis partly involves the perturbation of inte grin‐β7 and integrin‐α4. AbstractMetabolic state of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is an important regulator of self ‐renewal and lineage‐specific differentiation. Posttranslational modification of proteins viaO‐GlcNAcyla...
Source: Stem Cells - February 11, 2021 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Sudjit Luanpitpong,
Jirarat Poohadsuan,
Phatchanat Klaihmon,
Xing Kang,
Kantpitchar Tangkiettrakul,
Surapol Issaragrisil Tags: Tissue ‐Specific Stem Cells Source Type: research
Niche ‐dependent inhibition of neural stem cell proliferation and oligodendrogenesis is mediated by the presence of myelin basic protein
Myelin basic protein (MBP) presented in the spinal cord niche, but not the brain niche, causes the release of an inhibitory factor that regulates neural precursor cell kinetics and oligodendrogenesis. Hence, regionally distinct niches along the neuraxis respond differently to the same protein (MBP) and regulate cell behavior. AbstractNeural stem and progenitor cells (collectively termed neural precursor cells [NPCs]) are found along the ventricular neuraxis extending from the spinal cord to the forebrain in regionally distinct niches comprised of different cell types, architecture, and cell ‐cell interactions. An underst...
Source: Stem Cells - February 10, 2021 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Nishanth Lakshman,
Clara Bourget,
Ricky Siu,
Vladimir V. Bamm,
Wenjun Xu,
George Harauz,
Cindi M. Morshead Tags: Tissue ‐Specific Stem Cells Source Type: research
