TABLE OF CONTENTS (p/u from previous issue w/updates)
(Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology)
Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology - May 1, 2017 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
TOPICS (p/u from previous issue)
(Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology)
Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology - May 1, 2017 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS): What pathologists should know
Antiretroviral therapy has significantly improved the quality and length of life for those patients able to access effective and sustained treatment. The resulting restoration of the immune response is associated with a change in the clinical presentation of opportunistic infections, and the histologic reaction to pathogens. A complex combination of alterations in host response across the stages of HIV infection has been documented over the past 3 decades. The defects are seen in both acute and chronic phases of inflammation and involve innate and adaptive immunity. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology)
Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology - April 25, 2017 Category: Pathology Authors: Ann Marie Nelson, Yukari C. Manabe, Sebastian B Lucas Tags: Review article Source Type: research
HIV and Mycobacteria
The importance of mycobacteria as opportunistic pathogens, particularly members of the M. avium complex (MAC), in patients with progressive HIV infection was recognized early in the AIDS epidemic. It took longer to appreciate the global impact and devastation that would result from the deadly synergy that exists between HIV and M. tuberculosis. This HIV/M. tuberculosis co-pandemic is ongoing and claiming millions of lives every year. In addition to MAC, a number of other non-tuberculous mycobacteria have been recognized as opportunistic pathogens in HIV-infected individuals; some of these are more commonly encountered (e.g...
Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology - April 13, 2017 Category: Pathology Authors: Gary W. Procop Source Type: research
Human Immunodeficiency Virus and fungal infections
The discovery of HIV was largely due to the presence of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in young patients that did not have the usual known causes of immune deficiencies in the early 1980s. Currently, treatment with highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) and the use of prophylaxis for PCP have lowered the frequency of fungal infections; however, these infections continue to cause morbidity and mortality in those patients that fall out or are not in care. The frequency of specific fungal diseases in HIV patients will depend on the prevalence of fungi in the particular geographic location. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology)
Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology - April 7, 2017 Category: Pathology Authors: Jeannette Guarner Source Type: research
Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Diagnostic approach
First descriptions of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome appeared in 1981. Four years later the causative agent was cultured which lead to development and production of tests that helped healthcare providers to identify persons living with HIV. Currently, diagnosis of HIV is performed with fourth generation immunoassays (those that detect p24 antigen together with IgM and IgG antibodies to HIV-1 and −2) which if positive need to be followed by an assay that can differentiate between HIV-1 and HIV-2 viruses. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology)
Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology - April 7, 2017 Category: Pathology Authors: Jeannette Guarner Source Type: research
Vasculopathic and vasculitic dermatoses
The inflammatory and non-inflammatory disorders affecting the blood vessels are an important cause of death among patients. Additionally, some of the findings could be very subtle, while the consequences of misdiagnosis tragic. There is a limited number of factors by which the cutaneous blood vessels can be affected and the most common examples in the clinical practice will be discussed here: non-inflammatory purpuras; vascular-occlusive disorders; urticarias; vasculitides; and neutrophilic dermatoses. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology)
Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology - April 6, 2017 Category: Pathology Authors: Alejandro A. Gru, Andrea L. Salavaggione Source Type: research
Aging with HIV in the ART era
In the current era of therapy for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), life expectancy for persons living with HIV (PLWH) approaches that of the general population. This newly prolonged survival among PLWH is associated with an increased prevalence of comorbidities due to the inflammation, immune activation and immune senescence associated with HIV infection. Higher prevalence of tobacco and alcohol use, co-infection with viral hepatitis and traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia contribute as well. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology)
Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology - April 6, 2017 Category: Pathology Authors: Emma Kaplan-Lewis, Judith A. Aberg, Mikyung Lee Source Type: research
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) Related Lymphomas, pathology view point
The contribution of Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi sarcoma herpes virus (KSHV) to the development of specific types of malignant lymphomas occurring in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) setting has been extensively studied since the beginning of the HIV epidemic 35 years ago. The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART) in 1996 has changed dramatically the incidence of HIV-related malignancies. Nevertheless, malignant lymphomas continue to be the major group of malignances observed in HIV infected individuals, and the most common cause of cancer related-deaths. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology)
Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology - April 6, 2017 Category: Pathology Authors: Ebru Linke-Serins öz, Falko Fend, Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez Source Type: research
Human Herpesvirus 8-Related Diseases: Histopathologic Diagnosis and Disease Mechanisms
The emergence of HIV/AIDS more than three decades ago led to an increased incidence of diseases caused by HHV8 co-infection, particularly Kaposi sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and multicentric Castleman disease. Over time, the development of highly effective AIDS therapies has resulted in a decreased incidence of HHV8-associated entities, which are now more commonly found in patients with undiagnosed and/or untreated AIDS. Due to their rarity, some of these diseases may be difficult to recognize without appropriate clinical information. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology)
Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology - April 6, 2017 Category: Pathology Authors: Matthew Auten, Annette S. Kim, Kyle T. Bradley, Flavia G. Rosado Source Type: research
Pathobiology of Human Papillomaviruses in Human Immunodeficiency Virus – Infected Persons
There is a complex interrelationship between human papillomaviruses (HPV) and human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) that has been recognized from the start of the HIV epidemic. Cervical cancer was used as a surveillance indicator for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) before definitive identification of the viral etiology of either condition were known. Careful epidemiologic studies combined with clinical and laboratory measures of HPV, HPV-associated disease, and HIV have helped us understand many aspects of the relationship between these two virus groups; however, questions remain. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology)
Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology - April 6, 2017 Category: Pathology Authors: Uma Krishnamurti, Elizabeth R. Unger Source Type: research
Lichenoid And Interface Dermatoses
The terms ‘lichenoid’ and ‘interface’ dermatitis is often used interchangeably to describe an inflammatory pattern characterized histologically by damage to the basal keratinocytes in the epidermis. The mechanism of cell damage of such cells is now best understood as apoptosis, or programmed cell deat h. This inflammatory pattern of dermatoses, is also accompanied frequently by a band of lymphocytes and histiocytes in the superficial dermis, that often obscures the dermal-epidermal junction, hence the term ‘lichenoid’. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology)
Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology - March 22, 2017 Category: Pathology Authors: Alejandro A Gru, Andrea L Salavaggione Source Type: research
COVER (PMS 180 & K) (p/u from previous issue w/updates)
(Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology)
Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology - March 1, 2017 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
MASTHEAD (p/u from previous issue)
(Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology)
Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology - March 1, 2017 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
EDITORIAL BOARD (p/u from previous issue)
(Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology)
Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology - March 1, 2017 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
