Ophthalmic immunoglobulin G4-related disease IgG4-RD Current concepts
IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a distinct entity that frequently occurs in an ophthalmic location. As such, IgG4-RD is not limited to the orbit but may also involve other anatomical structures in and around the eye. Hence, the term ‘ophthalmic IgG4-RD’ is preferred over ‘orbital IgG4-RD.’ A high level of suspicion for the diagnosis can be derived from careful clinicoradiologic examination; the use of immunohistochemical staining for IgG4 in the context of characteristic histopathologic features is needed to reach a correct diagnosis. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology)
Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology - October 6, 2015 Category: Pathology Authors: Kaustubh Mulay, Mark R. Wick Source Type: research
Problems with the diagnosis of metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. Which diagnostic criteria should we use to determine tumor origin and help guide therapy?
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) can often present with metastatic disease before the primary tumor is discovered. Metastatic lesions are generally classified as well-differentiated and poorly-differentiated for prognostic and therapeutic purposes. In addition, for well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (WDNETs), pathologists are expected to determine the site of origin, if not already known, and grade the tumors. However, it is often difficult for pathologists to provide this information with certainty without knowing the tumor origin, as different criteria have been proposed by WHO for classification of gastrointestina...
Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology - October 6, 2015 Category: Pathology Authors: Jamie Koo, Deepti Dhall Source Type: research
Ophthalmic immunoglobulin G4 – related orbital disease (IGG4-Rd): Current CONCEPTS
IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a distinct entity which frequently occurs in an ophthalmic location. As such, IgG4-RD is not limited to the orbit but may also involve other anatomical structures in and around the eye. Hence, the term “ophthalmic IgG4-RD” is preferred over “orbital IgG4-RD.” A high level of suspicion for the diagnosis can be derived from careful clinicoradiologic examination; the use of immunohistochemical staining for IgG4 in the context of characteristic histopathologic features is needed to reach a correct diagnosis. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology)
Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology - October 6, 2015 Category: Pathology Authors: Kaustubh Mulay Source Type: research
Tumors of the Lacrimal Gland
Tumors of the lacrimal gland have an estimated incidence of 1 per 1 million people per year.1 They represent 22–28% of all orbital space-occupying lesions and approximately 50% are benign.2–4 Epithelial tumors are the most common lesions of the lacrimal gland, constituting 50–60%. Lymphoid tumors comprise 20–35% and secondary tumors approximately 10%, with the remaining 10% being mesenchymal, neuroepithelial, and vascular tumors.1,5 The most common epithelial, lymphoid and mesenchymal tumors of the lacrimal gland (Table 1) will be described in this review. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology)
Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology - October 6, 2015 Category: Pathology Authors: Sarah von Holstein, Peter Kristian Rasmussen, Steffen Heegaard Source Type: research
Macroscopic techniques for Ophthalmic Tumor Specimens
In ophthalmic pathology, tumors of various types may be seen because that discipline also encompasses such areas of pathology as dermatopathology and soft tissue pathology, along with diseases of the conjunctiva, cornea, intraocular structures, optic nerve, lacrimal gland, and lacrimal apparatus. In certain countries such as the United Kingdom, published guidelines exist for the reporting of tumor specimens in ophthalmic pathology. 1 However, that situation is not present in all countries, and, for some general pathologists, such specimens may therefore constitute bewildering rarities. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology)
Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology - October 6, 2015 Category: Pathology Authors: Fiona Roberts Source Type: research
Ocular surface tumors
are principally represented by variants of squamous dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). They are fleshy elevations that may have a gelatinous, leukoplakia-like, or papilliform gross appearance. “Feeder” blood vessels may be prominent. Such lesions commonly occur at the limbus, and involve both the conjunctiva and cornea. Microscopically, invasive SCCs in this location are usually keratinizing in nature, but several other histological variants may be encountered. This review considers the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological aspects of neoplasms affecting the ocular surface. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology)
Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology - October 6, 2015 Category: Pathology Authors: Wajiha J. Kheir, Michael T. Tetzlaff, Margaret L. Pfeiffer, Omar Ozgur, Gail Morrell, Bita Esmaeli Source Type: research
Epithelial, non-melanocytic and melanocytic proliferations of the ocular surface
Ocular surface tumors are commonly encountered by ophthalmologists and ophthalmic pathologists. These tumors have varied clinical manifestations. In this article, we discuss the most commonly encountered non-melanocytic and melanocytic ocular surface tumors, with emphasis on their common clinical features, morphologic patterns, and prognostic factors. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology)
Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology - October 5, 2015 Category: Pathology Authors: Wajiha J. Kheir, Michael T. Tetzlaff, Margaret L. Pfeiffer, Kaustubh Mulay, Omar Ozgur, Gail Morrell, Bita Esmaeli Source Type: research
Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the lung: Concepts and terminology
Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the lung continue to undergo scrutiny, with respect to the diagnostic terminology recommended for them and details of their clinicopathologic profiles. This overview considers the nosological evolution of such lesions and presents current views on classification schemes that pertain to them. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology)
Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology - September 22, 2015 Category: Pathology Authors: Mark R. Wick, Alberto M. Marchevsky Source Type: research
Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the lung: Concepts & terminology
Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the lung continue to undergo scrutiny, with respect to the diagnostic terminology recommended for them and details of their clinicopathologic profiles. This overview considers the nosological evolution of such lesions, and presents current views on classification schemes that pertain to them. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology)
Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology - September 22, 2015 Category: Pathology Authors: Mark R. Wick, Alberto M. Marchevsky Source Type: research
Sinonasal small round blue cell tumors: An approach to diagnosis
The differential diagnosis for small round cell tumors in the sinonasal tract is diverse and as the body of literature documenting not only uncommon presentations but also availability of ancillary studies grows, so does the need for a reminder to take a conservative and thorough approach before rendering a diagnosis. Small tissue samples are particularly problematic, with limitations that include volume of tumor cells available for studies, lack of architectural context and a non-specific gross description. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology)
Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology - September 9, 2015 Category: Pathology Authors: Stacey A. Simons, Julia A. Bridge, Marino E. Leon Source Type: research
Hematolymphoid Lesions of the sinonasal tract
Various hematolymphoid lesions involve the sinonasal tract, including aggressive B, T, and NK-cell neoplasms; myeloid sarcoma; low grade lymphomas; indolent T-lymphoblastic proliferations; and Rosai-Dorfman disease. Differentiating aggressive lymphomas from non-hematopoietic neoplasms such as poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, olfactory neuroblastoma, or sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma may pose diagnostic challenges. In addition, the necrosis, vascular damage and inflammatory infiltrates which are associated with some hematolymphoid disorders can result in misdiagnosis as infectious, autoimmune or inflamma...
Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology - September 9, 2015 Category: Pathology Authors: Genevieve M. Crane, Amy S. Duffield Source Type: research
Soft tissue Tumors of the sinonasal tract
Primary soft tissue tumors arising in the sinonasal tract are rare. While many mesenchymal neoplasms have been reported in the nasal cavity, sinuses, and nasopharynx, few are distinctive to this anatomic region. Some tumor types are relatively more common in this area, such as schwannoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma and sinonasal hemangiopericytoma are unique entities of the sinonasal tract, as well as the recently characterized biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma. This review discusses the clinical, morphologic, and immunohistochemical features and currently known molecular data of the more frequently enco...
Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology - September 9, 2015 Category: Pathology Authors: Melanie Johncilla, Vickie Y. Jo Source Type: research
Sinonasal Small Round Blue Cell Tumors
The differential diagnosis for small round cell tumors in the sinonasal tract is diverse and as the body of literature documenting not only uncommon presentations but also availability of ancillary studies grows, so does the need for a reminder to take a conservative and thorough approach before rendering a diagnosis. Small tissue samples are particularly problematic, with limitations that include volume of tumor cells available for studies, lack of architectural context and a non-specific gross description. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology)
Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology - September 9, 2015 Category: Pathology Authors: Stacey A. Simons, Julia A. Bridge, Marino E. Leon Source Type: research
Human papillomavirus-associated neoplasms of the sinonasal tract and nasopharynx
This article will review current literature on the association of HPV with Scheiderian papillomas, sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma, sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma, carcinoma with adenoid cystic-like features and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology)
Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology - September 9, 2015 Category: Pathology Authors: Selvam Thavaraj Source Type: research
