Issue Information
No abstract is available for this article. (Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - September 21, 2017 Category: Virology Tags: ISSUE INFORMATION Source Type: research
Hearing and neurodevelopmental outcomes for children with asymptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection: A systematic review
ConclusionsStudies show children with asymptomatic congenital CMV are at increased risk of developing hearing loss but perform equally well on neurodevelopmental assessments when compared with healthy controls. There is no reliable virological marker to determine which infants will develop sequelae. Regular follow‐up until school entry is supported by the literature. (Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - September 6, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Adam W. Bartlett, Brendan McMullan, William D. Rawlinson, Pamela Palasanthiran Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
An overview: Rabbit hepatitis E virus (HEV) and rabbit providing an animal model for HEV study
Summary
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a single‐stranded, positive‐sense RNA virus and the causative agent of hepatitis E. The virus belongs to genus Orthohepevirus in the family Hepeviridae, which contains 4 major genotypes closely relating to humans. Genotypes 1 and 2 only infect humans whereas genotypes 3 and 4 HEV are harbored in a wide range of animal species worldwide and are zoonotic to humans. Recently, a novel animal strain of HEV has been isolated in farmed rabbits in China, and subsequently more strains were discovered in the rabbit populations in at least 7 other countries. Due to high sequence similarity to ge...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - September 1, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Lin Wang, Lin Liu, Ling Wang Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
Human pegivirus (HPgV) infection in sub ‐Saharan Africa—A call for a renewed research agenda
Summary
The human pegivirus (HPgV)—formerly GB virus C—has a beneficial impact on HIV disease progression that has been described in multiple studies. Given the high prevalence of HIV in sub‐Saharan Africa and the continuing need to suppress HIV replication, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the existing data on HPgV infection in sub‐Saharan Africa, with a particular focus on studies of prevalence and the circulating HPgV genotypes. This review also highlights the need for additional studies of HPgV conducted on the African continent and proposes a research agenda for evaluation of HPgV. (Source: Rev...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - September 1, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Shivank Singh, Jason T. Blackard Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
Is Dr von Magnus to blame for the withdrawal of live attenuated influenza vaccine?
(Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - September 1, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: P.D. Griffiths Tags: EDITORIAL Source Type: research
A systematic review of the associations between HIV/HCV coinfection and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease
Summary
The incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection has been increasing with over 10 million people affected globally. The role biomarkers play as predictors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among coinfected individuals is not well defined. We aimed to systematically review current evidence describing CVD biomarkers among individuals with HIV/HCV coinfection. We searched EMBASE, CINAHL, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science from inception to June 2017. MeSH terms and keywords were used to identify studies with information on HIV/HCV coinfection and CVD biomarkers (st...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - September 1, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Olatokunbo Osibogun, Oluseye Ogunmoroti, Erin D. Michos, Erica S. Spatz, Babatunde Olubajo, Khurram Nasir, Wasim Maziak Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
Rotavirus virus ‐like particles (RV‐VLPs) vaccines: An update
Summary
Rotaviruses (RVs) cause over 0.2 million deaths annually and are reported to be the foremost cause of gastroenteritis in infants and children worldwide. Vaccination against RVs is the most successful and unsurpassed strategy to combat infection to date. Although the 2 current vaccines, Rotarix and RotaTeq, have dramatically reduced the disease burden, still there is a need for new vaccines. In this context, RV virus‐like particles (RV‐VLPs) represent potential vaccine candidates as they are noninfectious and effective nonreplicating immunogens that may reduce the risk of side effects related to the conventional...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - September 1, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Harish Changotra, Avni Vij Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
Systematic screening of viral entry inhibitors using surface plasmon resonance
Summary
Viral binding and entry into host cells for various viruses have been studied extensively, yielding a detailed understanding of the overall viral entry process. As cell entry is an essential and requisite process by which a virus initiates infection, it is an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. The advantages of targeting viral entry are an extracellular target site, relatively easy access for biological interventions, and lower toxicity. Several cell‐based strategies and biophysical techniques have been used to screen compounds that block viral entry. These studies led to the discovery of inhibitors ...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - September 1, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Penmetcha K.R. Kumar Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
Hepatitis in AIDS patients
Summary
The individuals with HIV infection are more susceptible to develop coinfections with infectious pathogens such as HCV and HBV. The routes of transmission of these pathogens are the same including sexual contact, injection drug use, or at birth from mother to an infant. The main reason of morbidity and mortality in HIV infected individuals is a liver disease in the context of antiretroviral therapy, and coinfection such as HCV and HBV complicates this condition. Nucleos(t)ide analogues are used for HBV infection management, and treatment of HCV infection is done by PegIFN and ribavirin combination and protease inhib...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - September 1, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Muhammad Imran Qadir Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
Mechanisms of human cytomegalovirus infection with a focus on epidermal growth factor receptor interactions
Summary
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a widespread opportunistic herpesvirus that causes severe diseases in immunocompromised individuals. It has a high prevalence worldwide that is linked with socioeconomic factors. Similar to other herpesviruses, HCMV has the ability to establish lifelong persistence and latent infection following primary exposure. HCMV infects a broad range of cell types. This broad tropism suggests that it may use multiple receptors for host cell entry. The identification of receptors used by HCMV is essential for understanding viral pathogenesis, because these receptors mediate the early events nece...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - September 1, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Aline Semblano Carreira Falc ão, Pedro Fernando Costa Vasconcelos, Dorotéa de Fátima Lobato da Silva, João de Jesus Viana Pinheiro, Luiz Fábio Magno Falcão, Juarez Antonio Simões Quaresma Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
HIV in retreat?
(Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - August 30, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Philip Mortimer Tags: EDITORIAL Source Type: research
Impact of transmission cycles and vector competence on global expansion and emergence of arboviruses
Summary
Arboviruses are transmitted between arthropod vectors and vertebrate host. Arboviral infection in mosquitoes is initiated when a mosquito feeds on a viremic host. Following ingestion of a viremic blood meal by mosquitoes, virus enters midgut along with the blood, infects and replicates in midgut epithelial cells, and then escapes to the hemocoel, from where it disseminates to various secondary organs including salivary glands. Subsequently, when mosquito bites another host, a new transmission cycle is initiated. The midgut and salivary glands act as anatomical barriers to virus infection and escape. These complex i...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - August 30, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Ankita Agarwal, Manmohan Parida, Paban Kumar Dash Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
Disruption of gastrointestinal integrity in patients with HIV infection
(Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - July 5, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: P.D. Griffiths Tags: EDITORIAL Source Type: research
Emerging arboviruses in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: Chikungunya and Zika outbreaks, 2014 ‐2016
In this study, we analyzed 1276 samples from patients with clinically suspected arboviral diseases between 2014 and 2016. Demographic and clinical data were collected and described; cases of microcephaly associated with congenital infection were analyzed.
Essential findingsResults show that CHIKV and ZIKV entered RS in 2014 and 2015, respectively, with imported cases confirmed. Autochthonous infections occurred in 2016 for both viruses, with a total of 5 autochthonous cases for CHIKV and 44 for ZIKV. Most patients were older than 21 years; the main symptoms were fever, arthralgia, myalgia, and headache; rash, conjunctivit...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - July 1, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Tatiana Sch äffer Gregianini, Tani Ranieri, Cátia Favreto, Zenaida Marion Alves Nunes, Gabriela Luchiari Tumioto Giannini, Nara Druck Sanberg, Marilda Tereza Mar Rosa, Ana Beatriz Gorini Veiga Tags: CLASSIC PAPER Source Type: research
Response to hepatitis B vaccination in patients with liver cirrhosis
In conclusion, cirrhotic patients achieve lower seroprotection rates after the completion of HBV vaccination series. Several strategies have tried to improve the immunogenicity; however, there is a great need for additional studies to further explore (1) the immune response in relation to poor vaccination responsiveness confounding factors, (2) novel strategies to improve immunogenicity, and (3) the immune mechanism underlying the differences in response rates to HBV vaccination. (Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - July 1, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Ioanna Aggeletopoulou, Panagiota Davoulou, Christos Konstantakis, Konstantinos Thomopoulos, Christos Triantos Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
