Making dollars and sense out of a screening programme
(Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - December 31, 2016 Category: Virology Authors: P.D. Griffiths Tags: EDITORIAL Source Type: research
Mechanisms of HIV persistence in HIV reservoirs
Summary
The establishment and maintenance of HIV reservoirs that lead to persistent viremia in patients on antiretroviral drugs remains the greatest challenge of the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. Cellular reservoirs include resting memory CD4+ T lymphocytes, implicated as the major HIV reservoir, having a half‐life of approximately 44 months while this is less than 6 hours for HIV in plasma. In some individuals, persistent viremia consists of invariant HIV clones not detected in circulating resting CD4+ T lymphocytes suggesting other possible sources of residual viremia. Some anatomical reservoirs that may ...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - December 31, 2016 Category: Virology Authors: Mayibongwe L. Mzingwane, Caroline T. Tiemessen Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
Calendar of International Meetings
(Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - November 10, 2016 Category: Virology Tags: Calendar Source Type: research
Standard Abbreviations
(Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - November 10, 2016 Category: Virology Tags: List of Abbreviation Source Type: research
Reducing HIV incidence using anti ‐retrovirals: Imperative and achievable
(Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - November 10, 2016 Category: Virology Authors: Philip P. Mortimer Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Issue Information
No abstract is available for this article. (Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - November 10, 2016 Category: Virology Tags: Issue Information Source Type: research
Langerhans cells and sexual transmission of HIV and HSV
Summary
Langerhans cells (LCs) situated in stratified squamous epithelium of the skin and mucosal tissue are amongst the first cells that sexually transmitted pathogens encounter during transmission. They are potent antigen presenting cells and play a key role in the host mounting an appropriate immune response. As such, viruses have evolved complex strategies to manipulate these cells to facilitate successful transmission. One of best studied examples is HIV, which manipulates the natural function of these cells to interact with CD4 T cells, which are the main target cell for HIV in which rapid replication occurs. However...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - October 31, 2016 Category: Virology Authors: Rachel A. Botting, Hafsa Rana, Kirstie M. Bertram, Jake W. Rhodes, Heeva Baharlou, Najla Nasr, Anthony L. Cunningham, Andrew N. Harman Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
Maternal immune correlates of protection from human cytomegalovirus transmission to the fetus after primary infection in pregnancy
Summary
Immune control of primary human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection appears to depend on the interaction of humoral and T‐cell responses. In this review, we have separately explored the 2 arms of the immune response to primary HCMV infection in HCMV‐seronegative pregnant women transmitting (T) or not transmitting (NT) the infection to the fetus, with the objective of correlating the immune risk factors associated with vertical HCMV transmission. As for the humoral response, the following findings were documented: (i) in competitive binding assays, antibody titers to different antigenic sites of the gH pentamer com...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - October 31, 2016 Category: Virology Authors: Daniele Lilleri, Giuseppe Gerna Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
Medical practice driven by legislators rather than by regulators
(Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - October 31, 2016 Category: Virology Authors: P.D. Griffiths Tags: EDITORIAL Source Type: research
Vitamin D modulation of innate immune responses to respiratory viral infections
Summary
Vitamin D, in addition to its classical functions in bone homeostasis, has a modulatory and regulatory role in multiple processes, including host defense, inflammation, immunity, and epithelial repair. Patients with respiratory disease are frequently deficient in vitamin D, implying that supplementation might provide significant benefit to these patients. Respiratory viral infections are common and are the main trigger of acute exacerbations and hospitalization in children and adults with asthma and other airways diseases. Respiratory monocytes/macrophages and epithelial cells constitutively express the vitamin D r...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - October 6, 2016 Category: Virology Authors: Mihnea T. Zdrenghea, Heidi Makrinioti, Cristina Bagacean, Andy Bush, Sebastian L. Johnston, Luminita A. Stanciu Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
Review of cytomegalovirus coinfection in HIV ‐infected individuals in Africa
ConclusionsCytomegalovirus is highly prevalent in Africa and a common cause of disease manifestations in HIV‐infected individuals among all age groups. Cytomegalovirus coinfection in HIV‐infected individuals in Africa is associated with increased transmission and mortality of HIV, but it is a neglected area of research. (Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - October 6, 2016 Category: Virology Authors: Helene Ladefoged Gr ønborg, Sanne Jespersen, Bo Langhoff Hønge, Søren Jensen‐Fangel, Christian Wejse Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
Calendar of International Meetings
(Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - September 6, 2016 Category: Virology Tags: Calendar Source Type: research
Issue Information
No abstract is available for this article. (Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - September 6, 2016 Category: Virology Tags: Issue Information Source Type: research
Vaccines against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus for humans and camels
Summary
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV) is caused by a novel betacoronavirus that was isolated in late 2012 in Saudi Arabia. The viral infections have been reported in more than 1700 humans, ranging from asymptomatic or mild cases to severe pneumonia with a mortality rate of 40%. It is well documented now that dromedary camels contract the infection and shed the virus without notable symptoms, and such animals had been infected by at least the early 1980s. The mechanism of camel to human transmission is still not clear, but several primary cases have been associated with camel contact. There is no...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - August 31, 2016 Category: Virology Authors: Naif Khalaf Alharbi Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
Saffold virus, an emerging human cardiovirus
Summary
Saffold virus (SAFV) is an emerging human cardiovirus that has been shown to be ubiquitous. Initial studies of SAFV focused on respiratory and gastrointestinal infection; however, it has also recently been associated with diverse clinical symptoms including the endocrine, cardiovascular, and neurological systems. Given the systemic nature of SAFV, and its high prevalence, understanding its pathogenicity and clinical impact is of utmost importance. This comprehensive review highlights and discusses recent developments in epidemiology, human pathogenicity, animal, and molecular studies related to SAFV. It also provid...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - August 31, 2016 Category: Virology Authors: Shawn Zheng Kai Tan, Mark Zheng Yi Tan, Mookkan Prabakaran Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
