Mother‐to‐child transmission of HBV: review of current clinical management and prevention strategies
SUMMARYMother‐to‐child transmission (MTCT) of HBV is responsible for approximately half of the HBV transmission routes and continues to be a challenging problem worldwide. Even after the development of effective vaccines and clear World Health Organization guidelines toward HBV several decades ago, 1–9% newborns of HBV‐carrying mothers still acquire HBV in early life as a result of in utero infection. The prevention of MTCT is of high importance, because chronically infected individuals function as a reserve for sustained HBV transmission, and 25% of them can develop asymptomatic liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular ...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - May 1, 2014 Category: Virology Authors: Lin Ma, Nageswara R. Alla, Xiaomao Li, Ospan A. Mynbaev, Zhongjie Shi Tags: Review Source Type: research
Human cytomegalovirus tropism for mucosal myeloid dendritic cells
SUMMARYHuman CMV infections are a serious source of morbidity and mortality for immunocompromised patients and for the developing fetus. Because of this, the development of new strategies to prevent CMV acquisition and transmission is a top priority. Myeloid dendritic cells (DC) residing in the oral and nasal mucosae are among the first immune cells to encounter CMV during entry and greatly contribute to virus dissemination, reactivation from latency, and horizontal spread. Albeit affected by the immunoevasive tactics of CMV, mucosal DC remain potent inducers of cellular and humoral immune responses against this virus. The...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - May 1, 2014 Category: Virology Authors: Laura Hertel Tags: Review Source Type: research
Of London buses and the treatment of cytomegalovirus infection
(Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - May 1, 2014 Category: Virology Authors: P. D. Griffiths Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Viruses exploit the function of epidermal growth factor receptor
SUMMARYEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that regulates cellular homeostatic processes. Following ligand binding, EGFR activates different downstream signalling cascades that promote cell survival, proliferation, motility, and angiogenesis and induces F‐actin‐dependent EGFR endocytosis, which relocalises the activated receptors for degradation or recycling. The responses that are induced by ligand binding to EGFR, including cell signalling activation, protein kinase phosphorylation and cytoskeletal network rearrangement, resemble those induced by virus infection. Increasing evidence ...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - May 1, 2014 Category: Virology Authors: Kai Zheng, Kaio Kitazato, Yifei Wang Tags: Review Source Type: research
Neurologic disease in HIV‐infected children and the impact of combination antiretroviral therapy
SUMMARY
The prevalence of HIV‐associated neurocognitive impairment in perinatally HIV‐infected children has declined since the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Early initiation of cART in infancy has been shown to positively impact neurodevelopment; however, children continue to be diagnosed with HIV outside of the early infancy period and can experience subtle to severe neurocognitive deficits despite cART. The causes of these neurocognitive deficits despite effective cART are multifactorial and likely include continued viral replication in the CNS, ongoing neuroinflammation, irreversible CNS...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - May 1, 2014 Category: Virology Authors: Claudia S. Crowell, Kathleen M. Malee, Ram Yogev, William J. Muller Tags: Review Source Type: research
Universal newborn screening for congenital CMV infection: what is the evidence of potential benefit?
SUMMARY
Congenital CMV infection is a leading cause of childhood disability. Many children born with congenital CMV infection are asymptomatic or have nonspecific symptoms and therefore are typically not diagnosed. A strategy of newborn CMV screening could allow for early detection and intervention to improve clinical outcomes. Interventions might include antiviral drugs or nonpharmaceutical therapies such as speech‐language therapy or cochlear implants. Using published data from developed countries, we analyzed existing evidence of potential benefit that could result from newborn CMV screening. We first estimated the nu...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - April 24, 2014 Category: Virology Authors: Michael J. Cannon, Paul D. Griffiths, Van Aston, William D. Rawlinson Tags: Review Source Type: research
Coronavirus entry and release in polarized epithelial cells: a review
SUMMARY
Most coronaviruses cause respiratory or intestinal infections in their animal or human host. Hence, their interaction with polarized epithelial cells plays a critical role in the onset and outcome of infection. In this paper, we review the knowledge regarding the entry and release of coronaviruses, with particular emphasis on the severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronaviruses. As these viruses approach the epithelial surfaces from the apical side, it is not surprising that coronavirus cell receptors are exposed primarily on the apical domain of polarized epithelial cells. With ...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - April 18, 2014 Category: Virology Authors: Yingying Cong, Xiaofeng Ren Tags: Review Source Type: research
Calendar of International Meetings
(Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - April 16, 2014 Category: Virology Tags: Calendar Source Type: research
Issue Information
No abstract is available for this article. (Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - April 16, 2014 Category: Virology Tags: Issue Information Source Type: research
Calendar of International Meetings
(Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - March 7, 2014 Category: Virology Tags: Calendar Source Type: research
Issue Information
No abstract is available for this article. (Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - March 7, 2014 Category: Virology Tags: Issue Information Source Type: research
Immune escape of γ‐herpesviruses from adaptive immunity
SUMMARY
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV) are two γ‐herpesviruses identified in humans and are strongly associated with the development of malignancies. Murine γ‐herpesvirus (MHV‐68) is a naturally occurring rodent pathogen, representing a unique experimental model for dissecting γ‐herpesvirus infection and the immune response. These γ‐herpesviruses actively antagonize the innate and adaptive antiviral responses, thereby efficiently establishing latent or persistent infections and even promoting development of malignancies. In this review, we summarize immune evas...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - March 1, 2014 Category: Virology Authors: Zhuting Hu, Edward J. Usherwood Tags: Review Source Type: research
Clinical and molecular aspects of the live attenuated Oka varicella vaccine
This article presents an overview of the clinical aspects of the vaccine and current progress on understanding the molecular mechanisms that account for the clinical phenotype of reduced virulence. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - March 1, 2014 Category: Virology Authors: Mark Quinlivan, Judy Breuer Tags: Review Source Type: research
Can the world afford to eliminate congenital rubella?
(Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - March 1, 2014 Category: Virology Authors: P. D. Griffiths Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Calendar of International Meetings
(Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - January 13, 2014 Category: Virology Tags: Calendar Source Type: research
