Issue Information
No abstract is available for this article. (Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - January 13, 2014 Category: Virology Tags: Issue Information Source Type: research
Neurological aspects of human parvovirus B19 infection: a systematic review
In conclusion, B19 should be included in differential diagnosis of encephalitic syndromes of unknown etiology in all age groups. Diagnosis should rely on investigation of anti‐B19 IgM antibodies and detection of B19 DNA in serum or CSF. Treatment of severe cases might benefit from a combined regime of intravenous immunoglobulins and steroids. To confirm these outcomes, goal‐targeted studies are recommended to exactly identify epidemiological scenarios and explore potential pathogenic mechanisms of these complications. Performing retrospective and prospective and multicenter studies concerning B19 and neurological aspec...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - January 1, 2014 Category: Virology Authors: Faraj Barah, Sigrid Whiteside, Sonia Batista, Julie Morris Tags: Review Source Type: research
Antiviral drug resistance in herpesviruses other than cytomegalovirus
SUMMARY
The discovery of acyclovir (ACV), a nucleoside analogue, more than 30 years ago, represents a milestone in the management of HSV and VZV infections. The modest activity of ACV against CMV prompted the development of another nucleoside analogue, ganciclovir, for the management of systemic and organ‐specific CMV diseases. Second‐line agents such as the pyrophosphate analogue foscarnet and the nucleotide analogue cidofovir have been approved subsequently. In contrast to ACV and ganciclovir, the latter drugs do not require selective phosphorylation by viral protein kinases to be converted into their active forms....
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - January 1, 2014 Category: Virology Authors: Jocelyne Piret, Guy Boivin Tags: Review Source Type: research
MicroRNA‐155 and microRNA‐196b: promising biomarkers in hepatitis C virus infection?
SUMMARY
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, evolutionarily conserved, noncoding RNA that regulate several important cellular processes. The versatility of these molecules allowed the accurate predictions that they would also affect the replication and life cycle of HCV. In this review, emphasis has been given to two selected miRNAs: miR‐155 and miR‐196b. Recent data indicate that miR‐155 is overexpressed in HCV‐infected patients, inducing an inflammatory state, and promoting virus replication and persistence even after the completion of antiviral treatment. It is also associated with the increased proliferatio...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - January 1, 2014 Category: Virology Authors: Ewelina Maria Kałużna Tags: Review Source Type: research
Modes of infection and oncogenesis by the Epstein–Barr virus
SUMMARY
The EBV is a human γ‐herpesvirus associated with various neoplasms. It is responsible for causing cancers of B, T, and NK cells as well as cells of epithelial origin. Such diversity in target cells and the complicated steps of oncogenesis are perplexing when we speculate about the mechanisms of action of EBV‐positive cancers. Here, we first note three common features that contribute to the development and maintenance of EBV‐positive cancers: effects of EBV oncogenes, immunosuppression and evasion/exploitation of the immune system, and genetic and epigenetic predisposition/alteration of the host genome. Then,...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - January 1, 2014 Category: Virology Authors: Takayuki Murata, Yoshitaka Sato, Hiroshi Kimura Tags: Review Source Type: research
Host–virus interactions: from the perspectives of epigenetics
SUMMARY
Chromatin structure and histone modifications play key roles in gene regulation. Some virus genomes are organized into chromatin‐like structure, which undergoes different histone modifications facilitating complex functions in virus life cycles including replication. Here, we present a comprehensive summary of recent research in this field regarding the interaction between viruses and host epigenetic factors with emphasis on how chromatin modifications affect viral gene expression and virus infection. We also describe the strategies employed by viruses to manipulate the host epigenetic program to facilitate virus...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - January 1, 2014 Category: Virology Authors: Shanshan Li, Lingbao Kong, Xilan Yu, Yi Zheng Tags: Review Source Type: research
Fc gamma receptors in respiratory syncytial virus infections: implications for innate immunity
SUMMARY
RSV infections are a major burden in infants less than 3 months of age. Newborns and infants express a distinct immune system that is largely dependent on innate immunity and passive immunity from maternal antibodies. Antibodies can regulate immune responses against viruses through interaction with Fc gamma receptors leading to enhancement or neutralization of viral infections. The mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory effect of Fc gamma receptors on viral infections have yet to be elucidated in infants. Herein, we will discuss current knowledge of the effects of antibodies and Fc gamma receptors on infant i...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - November 14, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Jop Jans, Marloes Vissers, Jacco G.M. Heldens, Marien I. Jonge, Ofer Levy, Gerben Ferwerda Tags: Review Source Type: research
Calendar of International Meetings
(Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - November 5, 2013 Category: Virology Tags: Calendar Source Type: research
Letter in response to: Making the case: Married versus Separate models of alphaherpes virus anterograde transport in axons
(Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - November 5, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Anthony Cunningham, Monica Miranda‐Saksena, Russell Diefenbach, David Johnson Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research
Towards nanomedicines for neuroAIDS
SUMMARY
Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has resulted in remarkable decline in the morbidity and mortality in AIDS patients, controlling HIV infections still remain a global health priority. HIV access to the CNS serves as the natural viral preserve because most antiretroviral (ARV) drugs possess inadequate or zero delivery across the brain barriers. Thus, development of target‐specific, effective, safe, and controllable drug‐delivery approach is an important health priority for global elimination of AIDS progression. Emergence of nanotechnology in medicine has shown exciting prospect for developme...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - November 1, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Vidya Sagar, Sudheesh Pilakka‐Kanthikeel, Ravi Pottathil, Shailendra K. Saxena, Madhavan Nair Tags: Review Source Type: research
Time to celebrate the virological centennial?
(Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - November 1, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: P Mortimer Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Inhibitory receptor molecules in chronic hepatitis B and C infections: novel targets for immunotherapy?
SUMMARY
Chronic HBV and HCV infections are the leading cause of liver‐related morbidity and mortality. For effective antiviral immunity, virus‐specific T cells are required, but these cells have been shown to be weak or absent in chronic HBV and HCV patients. One of the mechanisms that underlies the impaired T‐cell response is the result of the continuously high viral load that causes HBV‐specific and HCV‐specific T cells to become exhausted, which is characterized by impaired proliferation, cytokine production and cytotoxic activity of T cells as well as high susceptibility to apoptosis. In vitro studies from ch...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - November 1, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Mohamad S. Hakim, Michelle Spaan, Harry L. A. Janssen, Andre Boonstra Tags: Review Source Type: research
Switching of EBV cycles between latent and lytic states
SUMMARY
The EBV is a human gamma‐herpesvirus that is associated with a variety of neoplasms. Upon primary infection, it transiently runs a short lytic program and then predominantly establishes latent infection. Only a small percentage of infected cells switch from the latent stage into the lytic cycle and produce progeny viruses. Although EBV in cancer cells is mostly in the latent state, the lytic cycle of the virus is also expected to play a pivotal role in development and maintenance of tumors because of its association with secretion of cytokines or growth factors. Moreover, if efficient artificial induction of lyti...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - November 1, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Takayuki Murata, Tatsuya Tsurumi Tags: Review Source Type: research
Systematic review of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome:virology, epidemiology, and clinical characteristics
SUMMARY
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) was firstly discovered in China in 2010, followed by several reports from many other countries worldwide. SFTS virus (SFTSV) has been identified as the causative agent of the disease and has been recognized as a public health threat. This novel Bunyavirus belongs to the Phlebovirus genus in the family Bunyaviridae. This review also describes the different aspects of virology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, and clinical symptoms on the basis of the published article surveillance data and phylogenetic analyses of viral sequences of large, medium, and small segments retr...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - November 1, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Shelan Liu, Chengliang Chai, Chengmin Wang, Said Amer, Huakun Lv, Hongxuan He, Jimin Sun, Junfen Lin Tags: Review Source Type: research
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of respiratory syncytial virus infection epidemiology in Latin America
SUMMARY
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a frequent cause of acute respiratory infection and the most common cause of bronchiolitis in infants. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to obtain a comprehensive epidemiological picture of the data available on disease burden, surveillance, and use of resources in Latin America. Pooled estimates are useful for cross‐country comparisons. Data from published studies reporting patients with probable or confirmed RSV infection in medical databases and gray literature were included from 74 studies selected from the 291 initially identified. When considering...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - November 1, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Ariel Bardach, Lucila Rey‐Ares, María Luisa Cafferata, Gabriela Cormick, Marina Romano, Silvina Ruvinsky, Vilma Savy Tags: Review Source Type: research
