Issue Information
No abstract is available for this article. (Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - July 6, 2015 Category: Virology Tags: Issue Information Source Type: research
Role of adenoviruses in obesity
Conclusions: several adenoviruses increase adiposity in animals and are associated with obesity in humans. There are critical gaps in the literature needing further investigation including evaluation of other adenovirus subtypes and better research designs to improve the strength of causal inferences. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - July 1, 2015 Category: Virology Authors: Jameson D. Voss, Richard L. Atkinson, Nikhil V. Dhurandhar Tags: Review Source Type: research
Polyomavirus BK and prostate cancer: a complex interaction of potential clinical relevance
Summary
Several studies associating BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) and prostate cancer (PCa) suggested that this virus may exert its oncogenic activity at early stages of cancer development. The BKPyV oncogene, the large T antigen (LTag), has frequently been detected in areas of proliferative inflammatory atrophy, which is considered a precursor lesion leading to prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and overt PCa. In a recently updated systematic review, the presence of BKPyV was significantly higher in PCa tissues than in healthy control tissues, providing an indication for a link between BKPyV infection and cancer risk. In addit...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - July 1, 2015 Category: Virology Authors: Etienne Xavier Keller, Serena Delbue, Mauro Tognon, Maurizio Provenzano Tags: Review Source Type: research
The kiss of sleeping beauty
(Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - July 1, 2015 Category: Virology Authors: Paul Griffiths Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
MicroRNA regulation of viral immunity, latency, and carcinogenesis of selected tumor viruses and HIV
Summary
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) function as key regulators in immune responses and cancer development. In the contexts of infection with oncogenic viruses, miRNAs are engaged in viral persistence, latency establishment and maintenance, and oncogenesis. In this review, we summarize the potential roles and mechanisms of viral and cellular miRNAs in the host–pathogen interactions during infection with selected tumor viruses and HIV, which include (i) repressing viral replication and facilitating latency establishment by targeting viral transcripts, (ii) evading innate and adaptive immune responses via toll‐like receptors, RIG...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - July 1, 2015 Category: Virology Authors: Ling Wang, Guangyu Li, Zhi Q. Yao, Jonathan P. Moorman, Shunbin Ning Tags: Review Source Type: research
Current treatment of hepatitis B virus infections
Summary
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains an important global burden with an estimated 240 million HBV carriers worldwide and more than half a million people dying annually from the consequences of the HBV infection. Besides interferon and pegylated interferon, there are five antiviral drugs [lamivudine, adefovir (dipivoxil), entecavir, telbivudine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate] that have proved effective in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. These five antiviral drugs interfere with viral DNA synthesis, which consists of a step reminiscent of the reverse transcriptase step in the replicative cycle ...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - July 1, 2015 Category: Virology Authors: Erik De Clercq Tags: Review Source Type: research
Biology and oncogenicity of the Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus K1 protein
Summary
The Kaposi sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV), or human herpesvirus 8, is a gammaherpesvirus etiologically linked to the development of Kaposi sarcoma, primary effusion lymphomas, and multicentric Castleman disease in humans. KSHV is unique among other human herpesviruses because of the elevated number of viral products that mimic human cellular proteins, such as a viral cyclin, a viral G protein‐coupled receptor, anti‐apoptotic proteins (e.g. v‐bcl2 and v‐FLIP), viral interferon regulatory factors, and CC chemokine viral homologues. Several KSHV products have oncogenic properties, including the transm...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - July 1, 2015 Category: Virology Authors: Annie Cristhine Moraes Sousa‐Squiavinato, Renata Nacasaki Silvestre, Deilson Elgui De Oliveira Tags: Review Source Type: research
RNA helicase DDX3: at the crossroad of viral replication and antiviral immunity
Summary
Asp‐Glu‐Ala‐Asp (DEAD)‐box polypeptide 3, or DDX3, belongs to the DEAD‐box family of ATP‐dependent RNA helicases and is known to play different roles in RNA metabolism ranging from transcription to nuclear export, translation, and assembly of stress granules. In addition, there is growing evidence that DDX3 is a component of the innate immune response against viral infections. As such, DDX3 has been shown to play roles both upstream and downstream of I‐kappa beta kinase ε (IKKε)/TANK‐binding kinase 1, leading to IFN‐β production. Interestingly, several RNA viruses, including human threats such ...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - July 1, 2015 Category: Virology Authors: Fernando Valiente‐Echeverría, Marcela A. Hermoso, Ricardo Soto‐Rifo Tags: Review Source Type: research
Ebola virus outbreak, updates on current therapeutic strategies
Summary
Filoviruses are enveloped negative‐sense single‐stranded RNA viruses, which include Ebola and Marburg viruses, known to cause hemorrhagic fever in humans with a case fatality of up to 90%. There have been several Ebola virus outbreaks since the first outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 1976 of which, the recent 2013–2015 epidemic in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone is the largest in recorded history. Within a few months of the start of the outbreak in December 2013, thousands of infected cases were reported with a significant number of deaths. As of March 2015, according to the Centers for Diseas...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - May 11, 2015 Category: Virology Authors: Hatem A. Elshabrawy, Timothy B. Erickson, Bellur S. Prabhakar Tags: Review Source Type: research
Development of antiviral drugs for the treatment of hepatitis C at an accelerating pace
Summary
Anno 2015, the race for developing the ideal therapy, or what is now called “cure,” for hepatitis C virus infection has continued unabatedly. The targets (NS3/4A protease, NS5A protein, and NS5B polymerase) have remained the same, and the number of compounds [direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs)] interacting with these targets has continued to increase. Whereas pan‐genotypic activity has remained a mandatory requirement, the problem of virus drug resistance has become less crucial. The need for combining DAAs acting at different sites has remained compelling, with the drugs used for combinations emanating from t...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - May 1, 2015 Category: Virology Authors: Erik De Clercq Tags: Review Source Type: research
A review of blood diseases and cytopenias associated with human parvovirus B19 infection
SUMMARY
Parvovirus B19 is a single‐stranded DNA virus which preferentially targets the erythroblast resulting in red cell aplasia, which is temporary in immunocompetent persons. Since the discovery of B19 virus in 1975, a wide variety of blood diseases and cytopenias affecting several blood cell lineages have been documented during or following B19 infection. These include cytopenias affecting the erythroid, megakaryoblastoid, myeloid and lymphoid lineages, as well as a variety of bicytopenias, pancytopenia, bone marrow necrosis / fat embolism syndrome, myelodysplastic syndrome, leucoerythroblastopenia, and hemophagocyti...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - May 1, 2015 Category: Virology Authors: Jonathan R. Kerr Tags: Review Source Type: research
Urine‐based viral diagnostics: an innovation in waiting
(Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - May 1, 2015 Category: Virology Authors: Philip P. Mortimer Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Calendar of International Meetings
(Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - April 21, 2015 Category: Virology Authors: Mauro Pistello Tags: Calendar Source Type: research
Genetic evolution in immunization
(Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - April 8, 2015 Category: Virology Authors: P. D. Griffiths Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Flaviviral NS4b, chameleon and jack‐in‐the‐box roles in viral replication and pathogenesis, and a molecular target for antiviral intervention
Summary
Dengue virus and other flaviviruses such as the yellow fever, West Nile, and Japanese encephalitis viruses are emerging vector‐borne human pathogens that affect annually more than 100 million individuals and that may cause debilitating and potentially fatal hemorrhagic and encephalitic diseases. Currently, there are no specific antiviral drugs for the treatment of flavivirus‐associated disease. A better understanding of the flavivirus–host interactions during the different events of the flaviviral life cycle may be essential when developing novel antiviral strategies. The flaviviral non‐structural protein 4...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - April 1, 2015 Category: Virology Authors: Joanna Zmurko, Johan Neyts, Kai Dallmeier Tags: Review Source Type: research
