Saliviruses —the first knowledge about a newly discovered human picornavirus
Summary
The salivirus, first discovered in the year 2009, is a member of the large and growing family Picornaviridae. At present, the genus Salivirus contains 1 species Salivirus A and 2 genotypes, Salivirus A1 and Salivirus A2. Salivirus has been identified in humans and chimpanzees and may cause acute gastroenteritis in humans, having been detected in 0% to 8.7% of fecal samples collected from gastroenteritis in different human populations. Salivirus is ubiquitous in wastewater of human origin and river water specimens worldwide and represents a potential indicator human RNA virus for monitoring of environmental samples....
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - August 31, 2016 Category: Virology Authors: G ábor Reuter, Péter Pankovics, Ákos Boros Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
Calendar of International Meetings
(Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - July 18, 2016 Category: Virology Tags: Calendar Source Type: research
Issue Information
No abstract is available for this article. (Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - July 18, 2016 Category: Virology Tags: Issue Information Source Type: research
Implications of non ‐coding RNAs in viral infections
Summary
The advances in RNA sequencing have unveiled various non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which modulate the gene expression. ncRNAs do not get translated into proteins. These include transfer RNAs, ribosomal RNAs, microRNA (miRNA), short interfering RNA, long non‐coding RNA, piwi‐interacting RNA and small nuclear RNA. ncRNAs regulate gene expression at various levels and control cellular machinery. miRNAs have been reported in plants, animals, several invertebrates and viruses. The miRNAs regulate the gene expression post‐transcriptionally. Viral infection strongly influences the abundance and the distribution of miR...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - July 11, 2016 Category: Virology Authors: Nikhil Sharma, Sunit K. Singh Tags: Review Source Type: research
Implications of non‐coding RNAs in viral infections
Summary
The advances in RNA sequencing have unveiled various non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which modulate the gene expression. ncRNAs do not get translated into proteins. These include transfer RNAs, ribosomal RNAs, microRNA (miRNA), short interfering RNA, long non‐coding RNA, piwi‐interacting RNA and small nuclear RNA. ncRNAs regulate gene expression at various levels and control cellular machinery. miRNAs have been reported in plants, animals, several invertebrates and viruses. The miRNAs regulate the gene expression post‐transcriptionally. Viral infection strongly influences the abundance and the distribution of miR...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - July 11, 2016 Category: Virology Authors: Nikhil Sharma, Sunit K. Singh Tags: Review Source Type: research
Dengue fever virus in Pakistan: effects of seasonal pattern and temperature change on distribution of vector and virus
Summary
Dengue fever is regarded as one of the most prominent emerging arboviral infections in Pakistan since its first epidemic almost 2 decades ago. Interplay between potential vectors, susceptible host, and lax environmental conditions may promote the infection, leading to an epidemic. These factors may indeed have played a major role in the spread of the disease in the country, which was limited to Karachi till 2006. With recent natural disasters such as the earthquake in 2005 and flooding in 2010, 2011 and 2012, numbers of vector‐borne diseases and outbreaks including dengue fever are on the rise in Pakistan. Theref...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - June 30, 2016 Category: Virology Authors: Nazish Bostan, Sundus Javed, Nabgha ‐e‐Amen, Syed Ali Musstjab Akber Shah Eqani, Faheem Tahir, Habib Bokhari Tags: Review Source Type: research
Lujo viral hemorrhagic fever: considering diagnostic capacity and preparedness in the wake of recent Ebola and Zika virus outbreaks
Summary
Lujo virus is a novel Old World arenavirus identified in Southern Africa in 2008 as the cause of a viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) characterized by nosocomial transmission with a high case fatality rate of 80% (4/5 cases). Whereas this outbreak was limited, the unprecedented Ebola virus disease outbreak in West Africa, and recent Zika virus disease epidemic in the Americas, has brought into acute focus the need for preparedness to respond to rare but potentially highly pathogenic outbreaks of zoonotic or arthropod‐borne viral infections. A key determinant for effective control of a VHF outbreak is the time between ...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - June 30, 2016 Category: Virology Authors: Edgar Simulundu, Aaron S. Mweene, Katendi Changula, Mwaka Monze, Elizabeth Chizema, Peter Mwaba, Ayato Takada, Guiseppe Ippolito, Francis Kasolo, Alimuddin Zumla, Matthew Bates Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
Zika circumnavigates the globe to go for gold
(Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - June 30, 2016 Category: Virology Authors: Paul Griffiths Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Manipulation of ubiquitin/SUMO pathways in human herpesviruses infection
Summary
Post‐translational modification of proteins with ubiquitin/small ubiquitin‐like modifier (SUMO) molecules triggers multiple signaling pathways that are critical for many aspects of cellular physiology. Given that viruses hijack the biosynthetic and degradative systems of their host, it is not surprising that viruses encode proteins to manipulate the host's cellular machinery for ubiquitin/SUMO modification at multiple levels. Infection with a herpesvirus, among the most ubiquitous human DNA viruses, has been linked to many human diseases, including cancers. The interplay between human herpesviruses and the ubiq...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - June 30, 2016 Category: Virology Authors: Jin Gan, Niu Qiao, Roxanne Strahan, Caixia Zhu, Lei Liu, Subhash C. Verma, Fang Wei, Qiliang Cai Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
Novel and emergent sandfly ‐borne phleboviruses in Asia Minor: a systematic review
This study overviews all published data on phleboviruses from Turkey and evaluates the impact from the virological, epidemiological, and public health perspectives. A systematic review of Web‐based global and local resources was performed. Comparison and phylogenetic analyses of particular phlebovirus sequences were also undertaken. Through the evaluation of 1693 international and regional entries, 31 manuscripts providing data on case reports or outbreaks, serological surveillance, animal infections and exposure, virus characterization, vector surveillance, and/or diagnostics were accessed. Detailed information on 5 nov...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - June 30, 2016 Category: Virology Authors: Koray Ergunay, Nazli Ayhan, Remi N. Charrel Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
Current molecular methods for the detection of hepatitis B virus quasispecies
Summary
Chronic HBV infection affects more than 240 million people worldwide and is associated with a broad range of clinical manifestations including liver cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. Because of the lack of an efficient cure for chronic hepatitis B, the main goal of antiviral therapy is the prevention of liver disease progression coupled with prolonged survival of patients. Because HBV viral load has been shown to be a crucial determinant of the progression of liver damage, these goals can be achieved as long as HBV replication can be suppressed. Unfortunately, long‐term therapy with the low...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - June 30, 2016 Category: Virology Authors: Magda Rybicka, Piotr Stalke, Krzysztof Piotr Bielawski Tags: Review Source Type: research
HIV1 ‐viral protein R (Vpr) mutations: associated phenotypes and relevance for clinical pathologies
Summary
Over the last 30 years, research into HIV has advanced the knowledge of virus genetics and the development of efficient therapeutic strategies. HIV‐1 viral protein R (Vpr) is a specialized and multifunctional protein that plays important roles at multiple stages of the HIV‐1 viral life cycle. This protein interacts with a number of cellular and viral proteins and with multiple activities including nuclear transport of the pre‐integration complex (PIC) to the nucleus, transcriptional activation, cell cycle arrest at G2/M transition phase and induction of cell death via apoptosis. Specifically, Vpr has been s...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - June 5, 2016 Category: Virology Authors: Rui Soares, Gra ça Rocha, António Meliço‐Silvestre, Teresa Gonçalves Tags: Review Source Type: research
Prevention strategies for blood ‐borne viruses—in the Era of vaccines, direct acting antivirals and antiretroviral therapy
Summary
Blood‐borne viruses, such as hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and the facultative blood‐borne hepatitis E virus, are considered a major public health problem given that they are accountable for millions of deaths each year. Treatment options, including effective vaccine design, development of antiviral strategies and the implementation of antiretroviral therapy have improved substantially over the last couple of years and contribute to successful treatment and prevention of these infectious diseases. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge and concepts in prevention...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - May 16, 2016 Category: Virology Authors: Stephanie Pfaender, Thomas Hahn, Joerg Steinmann, Sandra Ciesek, Eike Steinmann Tags: Review Source Type: research
Prevention strategies for blood‐borne viruses—in the Era of vaccines, direct acting antivirals and antiretroviral therapy
Summary
Blood‐borne viruses, such as hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and the facultative blood‐borne hepatitis E virus, are considered a major public health problem given that they are accountable for millions of deaths each year. Treatment options, including effective vaccine design, development of antiviral strategies and the implementation of antiretroviral therapy have improved substantially over the last couple of years and contribute to successful treatment and prevention of these infectious diseases. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge and concepts in prevention...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - May 16, 2016 Category: Virology Authors: Stephanie Pfaender, Thomas Hahn, Joerg Steinmann, Sandra Ciesek, Eike Steinmann Tags: Review Source Type: research
Impact of HCV genotype on treatment regimens and drug resistance: a snapshot in time
Summary
The introduction of highly potent direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) has revolutionized hepatitis C virus treatment. Nevertheless, viral eradication worldwide remains a challenge also in the era of DAA treatment, because of the high associated costs, high numbers of undiagnosed patients, high re‐infection rates in some risk groups and suboptimal drug efficacies associated with host and viral factors as well as advanced stages of liver disease. A correct determination of the HCV genotype allows administration of the most appropriate antiviral regimen. Additionally, HCV genetic sequencing improves our understanding ...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - April 30, 2016 Category: Virology Authors: Lize Cuypers, Francesca Ceccherini‐Silberstein, Kristel Van Laethem, Guangdi Li, Anne‐Mieke Vandamme, Jürgen Kurt Rockstroh Tags: Review Source Type: research
