Calendar of International Meetings
(Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - March 6, 2015 Category: Virology Tags: Calendar Source Type: research
Issue Information
No abstract is available for this article. (Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - March 6, 2015 Category: Virology Tags: Issue Information Source Type: research
The role of parvovirus B19 and the immune response in the pathogenesis of acute leukemia
Summary
In this article, we review the evidence suggesting a possible role for B19 virus in the pathogenesis of a subset of cases of acute leukemia. Human parvovirus B19 infection may complicate the clinical course of patients with acute leukemia and may also precede the development of acute leukemia by up to 180 days. Parvovirus B19 targets erythroblasts in the bone marrow and may cause aplastic crisis in patients with shortened‐red cell survival. Aplastic crisis represents a prodrome of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in 2% patients. There is a significant overlap between those HLA classes I and II alleles that are asso...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - March 1, 2015 Category: Virology Authors: Jonathan R. Kerr, Derek L. Mattey Tags: Review Source Type: research
Herpesviruses: interfering innate immunity by targeting viral sensing and interferon pathways
Summary
Type I‐interferon (IFN‐I) induction pathway is one of the most commonly stimulated signaling pathways in response to viral infection. During viral infection this pathway is stimulated by various pattern‐recognition receptors, which recognize different pathogen‐associated molecular patterns. The pathways stimulated by different pattern‐recognition receptors merge into common transcription factors IRF3 and IRF7, lead to the production of IFN‐I. The secreted IFN‐I stimulates JAK‐STAT pathway leading to induction of interferon‐stimulated genes (ISGs). The ISGs along with IFN‐I create antiviral state...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - March 1, 2015 Category: Virology Authors: Puja Kumari, Sathish Narayanan, Himanshu Kumar Tags: Review Source Type: research
Association of human papillomavirus with Fanconi anemia promotes carcinogenesis in Fanconi anemia patients
SummaryFanconi anemia (FA) is a rare recessive disorder associated with chromosomal fragility. FA patients are at very high risk of cancers, especially head and neck squamous cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas caused by infection of human papillomaviruses (HPVs). By integrating into the host genome, HPV oncogenes E6 and E7 drive the genomic instability to promote DNA damage and gene mutations necessary for carcinogenesis in FA patients. Furthermore, E6 and E7 oncoproteins not only inhibit p53 and retinoblastoma but also impair the FANC/BRCA signaling pathway to prevent DNA damage repair and alter multiple signals...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - March 1, 2015 Category: Virology Authors: Guang Bin Liu, Jiezhong Chen, Zhan He Wu, Kong‐Nan Zhao Tags: Review Source Type: research
The bitter side of sweet: the role of Galectin‐9 in immunopathogenesis of viral infections
Summary
In recent years, a critical role for β‐galactoside‐binding protein, Galectin‐9 (Gal‐9) has emerged in infectious disease, autoimmunity, and cancer. It is a ligand for T cell immunoglobulin mucin domain 3 (Tim‐3), a type‐I glycoprotein that is persistently expressed on dysfunctional T cells during chronic viral infections. Gal‐9 exerts its pivotal immunomodulatory effects by inducing apoptosis or suppressing effector functions via engagement with its receptor, Tim‐3. Recent studies report elevation of circulating Gal‐9 in humans infected with different viral infections. Interaction of soluble Gal...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - March 1, 2015 Category: Virology Authors: Shahzma Merani, Wenna Chen, Shokrollah Elahi Tags: Review Source Type: research
Calendar of International Meetings
(Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - January 12, 2015 Category: Virology Authors: Carol Tate Tags: Calendar Source Type: research
Issue Information
No abstract is available for this article. (Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - January 12, 2015 Category: Virology Tags: Issue Information Source Type: research
Cell therapies for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection
SUMMARY
After the serendipitous discovery of HIV eradication in the “Berlin patient”, interest has grown in curing HIV infection by replacing the patient's replication‐competent blood cells with infection‐resistant ones. At the same time, induced pluripotent stem cell technologies and genetic engineering have boosted cell therapy transfer into the clinic. Currently available cell therapy approaches to attempt to cure HIV infection include the following: (1) Transplantation of autologous or allogeneic cells spontaneously resistant or edited to resist HIV infection; (2) Transplantation of autologous T‐lymphocytes s...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - January 1, 2015 Category: Virology Authors: Daniele Focosi, Fabrizio Maggi, Luca Ceccherini‐Nelli, Mauro Pistello Tags: Review Source Type: research
Comparative epidemiology and virology of fatal and nonfatal cases of hand, foot and mouth disease in mainland China from 2008 to 2014
In conclusion, based on the largest population study, fatal and nonfatal HFMD cases, mainly caused by C4a of EV71, are circulating in Mainland China with a low‐cause fatality rate. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - January 1, 2015 Category: Virology Authors: She‐Lan Liu, Hao Pan, Peng Liu, Said Amer, Ta‐Chien Chan, Jun Zhan, Xixiang Huo, Yunzhi Liu, Zheng Teng, Ling Wang, Hui Zhuang Tags: Review Source Type: research
Ebola in West Africa: the end of the first year
(Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - January 1, 2015 Category: Virology Authors: P.D. Griffiths Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Enteroviruses, hygiene and type 1 diabetes: toward a preventive vaccine
SUMMARY
Enteroviruses and humans have long co‐existed. Although recognized in ancient times, poliomyelitis and type 1 diabetes (T1D) were exceptionally rare and not epidemic, due in large part to poor sanitation and personal hygiene which resulted in repeated exposure to fecal–oral transmitted viruses and other infectious agents and viruses and the generation of a broad protective immunity. As a function of a growing acceptance of the benefits of hygienic practices and microbiologically clean(er) water supplies, the likelihood of exposure to diverse infectious agents and viruses declined. The effort to vaccinate agains...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - November 27, 2014 Category: Virology Authors: Kristen M. Drescher, Matthias Herrath, Steven Tracy Tags: Review Source Type: research
Host genetics of Epstein–Barr virus infection, latency and disease
SUMMARY
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infects 95% of the adult population and is the cause of infectious mononucleosis. It is also associated with 1% of cancers worldwide, such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma and Burkitt's lymphoma. Human and cancer genetic studies are now major forces determining gene variants associated with many cancers, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma. Host genetics is also important in infectious disease; however, there have been no large‐scale efforts towards understanding the contribution that human genetic variation plays in primary EBV infection and latency...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - November 27, 2014 Category: Virology Authors: Charlotte J. Houldcroft, Paul Kellam Tags: Review Source Type: research
The role of macrophage IL‐10/innate IFN interplay during virus‐induced asthma
SUMMARY
Activation through different signaling pathways results in two functionally different types of macrophages, the pro‐inflammatory (M1) and the anti‐inflammatory (M2). The polarization of macrophages toward the pro‐inflammatory M1 phenotype is considered to be critical for efficient antiviral immune responses in the lung.
Among the various cell types that are present in the asthmatic airways, macrophages have emerged as significant participants in disease pathogenesis, because of their activation during both the inflammatory and resolution phases, with an impact on disease progression. Polarized M1 and M2 macro...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - November 27, 2014 Category: Virology Authors: Mihnea T. Zdrenghea, Heidi Makrinioti, Adriana Muresan, Sebastian L. Johnston, Luminita A. Stanciu Tags: Review Source Type: research
Virology welcomes the new year with good news
(Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - November 1, 2014 Category: Virology Authors: PD Griffiths Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
