Global reemergence of enterovirus D68 as an important pathogen for acute respiratory infections
SUMMARY
We previously detected enterovirus D68 (EV‐D68) in children with severe acute respiratory infections in the Philippines in 2008–2009. Since then, the detection frequency of EV‐D68 has increased in different parts of the world, and EV‐D68 is now recognized as a reemerging pathogen. However, the epidemiological profile and clinical significance of EV‐D68 is yet to be defined, and the virological characteristics of EV‐D68 are not fully understood. Recent studies have revealed that EV‐D68 is detected among patients with acute respiratory infections of differing severities ranging from mild upper respirato...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - November 1, 2014 Category: Virology Authors: Tadatsugu Imamura, Hitoshi Oshitani Tags: Review Source Type: research
Endothelial dysfunction in dengue virus pathology
SUMMARY
Dengue virus (DENV) is a leading cause of illness and death, mainly in the (sub)tropics, where it causes dengue fever and/or the more serious diseases dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome that are associated with changes in vascular permeability. Despite extensive research, the pathogenesis of DENV is still poorly understood and, although endothelial cells represent the primary fluid barrier of the blood vessels, the extent to which these cells contribute to DENV pathology is still under debate. The primary target cells for DENV are dendritic cells and monocytes/macrophages that release various chemok...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - November 1, 2014 Category: Virology Authors: Peter Vervaeke, Kurt Vermeire, Sandra Liekens Tags: Review Source Type: research
Genomic diversity of mumps virus and global distribution of the 12 genotypes
SUMMARY
The WHO recently proposed an updated nomenclature for mumps virus (MuV). WHO currently recognizes 12 genotypes of MuV, assigned letters from A to N (excluding E and M), which are based on the nucleotide sequences of small hydrophobic (SH) and haemagglutinin‐neuraminidase (HN) genes. A total of 66 MuV genomes are available in GenBank, representing eight of the 12 genotypes. To complete this dataset, whole genomes of seven isolates representing six genotypes (D, H, I, J, K and L) and one unclassified strain were sequenced. SH and HN genes of other representative strains were also sequenced. The degree of genetic di...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - November 1, 2014 Category: Virology Authors: Li Jin, Claes Örvell, Richard Myers, Paul A. Rota, Tetsuo Nakayama, Dubravko Forcic, Joanne Hiebert, Kevin E. Brown Tags: Review Source Type: research
Calendar of International Meetings
(Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - October 29, 2014 Category: Virology Tags: Calendar Source Type: research
Central nervous system alterations caused by infection with the human respiratory syncytial virus
SUMMARY
Worldwide, the human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the leading cause of infant hospitalization because of acute respiratory tract infections, including severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Despite intense research, to date there is neither vaccine nor treatment available to control hRSV disease burden globally. After infection, an incubation period of 3–5 days is usually followed by symptoms, such as cough and low‐grade fever. However, hRSV infection can also produce a larger variety of symptoms, some of which relate to the individual's age at infection. Indeed, infants can display severe symptoms, suc...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - October 14, 2014 Category: Virology Authors: Karen Bohmwald, Janyra A. Espinoza, Pablo A. González, Susan M. Bueno, Claudia A. Riedel, Alexis M. Kalergis Tags: Review Source Type: research
Calendar of International Meetings
(Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - September 10, 2014 Category: Virology Tags: Calendar Source Type: research
Issue Information
No abstract is available for this article. (Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - September 10, 2014 Category: Virology Tags: Issue Information Source Type: research
Ebola and ethics
(Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - September 1, 2014 Category: Virology Authors: PD Griffiths Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Prevention of congenital cytomegalovirus complications by maternal and neonatal treatments: a systematic review
SUMMARY
Human cytomegalovirus is the leading non‐genetic cause of congenital malformation in developed countries. Congenital CMV may result in fetal and neonatal death or development of serious clinical sequelae. In this review, we identified evidence‐based interventions for prevention of congenital CMV at the primary level (prevention of maternal infection), secondary level (risk reduction of fetal infection and disease) and tertiary level (risk reduction of infected neonates being affected by CMV). A systematic review of existing literature revealed 24 eligible studies that met the inclusion criteria. Prevention of m...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - September 1, 2014 Category: Virology Authors: Stuart T. Hamilton, Wendy Zuylen, Antonia Shand, Gillian M. Scott, Zin Naing, Beverley Hall, Maria E. Craig, William D. Rawlinson Tags: Review Source Type: research
Calendar of International Meetings
(Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - July 4, 2014 Category: Virology Tags: Calendar Source Type: research
Issue Information
No abstract is available for this article. (Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - July 4, 2014 Category: Virology Tags: Issue Information Source Type: research
Deciding who should get live attenuated influenza vaccine
(Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - July 1, 2014 Category: Virology Authors: P. D. Griffiths Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Global protein profiling studies of chikungunya virus infection identify different proteins but common biological processes
SUMMARY
Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) caused by the mosquito‐transmitted chikungunya virus (CHIKV) swept into international prominence from late 2005 as an epidemic of CHIKF spread around countries surrounding the Indian Ocean. Although significant advances have been made in understanding the pathobiology of CHIKF, numerous questions still remain. In the absence of commercially available specific drugs to treat the disease, or a vaccine to prevent the diseases, the questions have particular significance. A number of studies have used global proteome analysis to increase our understanding of the process of CHIKV infection usi...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - July 1, 2014 Category: Virology Authors: Duncan R. Smith Tags: Review Source Type: research
Are human polyomaviruses co‐factors for cancers induced by other oncoviruses?
SUMMARYPresently, 12 human polyomaviruses are known: BK polyomavirus (BKPyV), JCPyV, KIPyV, WUPyV, Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), HPyV6, HPyV7, Trichodysplasia spinulosa‐associated polyomavirus, HPyV9, HPyV10, STLPyV and HPyV12. In addition, the non‐human primate polyomavirus simian virus 40 (SV40) seems to circulate in the human population. MCPyV was first described in 2008 and is now accepted to be an etiological factor in about 80% of the rare but aggressive skin cancer Merkel cell carcinoma. SV40, BKPyV and JCPyV or part of their genomes can transform cells, including human cells, and induce tumours in animal mo...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - June 2, 2014 Category: Virology Authors: Ugo Moens, Marijke Van Ghelue, Bernhard Ehlers Tags: Review Source Type: research
Activation of endogenous type I IFN signaling contributes to persistent HCV infection
SUMMARY
HCV infection is a major world health problem, leading to both end‐stage liver disease and primary liver cancer. Great efforts have been made in developing new therapies for HCV infection; however, combination therapy with pegylated IFN‐α and ribavirin (pegIFN‐RBV) remains the first choice of treatment for chronic HCV infection in most countries. The treatment response to pegIFN‐RBV remains relatively low. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of persistent HCV infection and pegIFN‐RBV resistance will suggest ways of improving the current standard of care and offers new antiviral therapies for both HCV ...
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - May 8, 2014 Category: Virology Authors: Yujia Li, Shilin Li, Xiaoqiong Duan, Bing Liu, Chunhui Yang, Peibin Zeng, Ian McGilvray, Limin Chen Tags: Review Source Type: research
