Incidence of Diabetes in Colorectal Cancer Survivors
Conclusion:
We found that CRC patients were statistically significantly more likely to develop subsequent diabetes than persons without CRC for up to five years after the diagnosis. Our study suggests that active screening and counseling regarding modifiable risk factors may be warranted in this high-risk group. (Source: JNCI)
Source: JNCI - February 2, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Singh, S., Earle, C. C., Bae, S. J., Fischer, H. D., Yun, L., Austin, P. C., Rochon, P. A., Anderson, G. M., Lipscombe, L. Tags: Article Source Type: research
HABP2 in Familial Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer: Will the Real Mutation Please Stand Up?
(Source: JNCI)
Source: JNCI - February 1, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Ngeow, J., Eng, C. Tags: Solicited Editorial Source Type: research
HABP2 in Familial Non-medullary Thyroid Cancer: Will the Real Mutation Please Stand Up?
(Source: JNCI)
Source: JNCI - February 1, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Ngeow, J., Eng, C. Tags: Solicited Editorial Source Type: research
Making a Difference: Distinguishing Two Primaries From Metastasis in Synchronous Tumors of the Ovary and Uterus
For women with early-stage ovarian or endometrial cancers, prognosis is very good, with overall survival for both sites between 80% and 90%. This stands in stark contrast to metastatic disease (advanced stage), where the overall survival is less than 15%. We have long recognized that subtypes of disease also inform these statistics, with high-grade serous carcinomas conferring a far worse prognosis compared with others, including low-grade serous or endometrioid tumors. Yet even with our present understanding, a not uncommon finding is the diagnosis of women with carcinoma at both the ovary and the uterus (a situation that...
Source: JNCI - February 1, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Dizon, D. S., Birrer, M. J. Tags: Solicited Editorial Source Type: research
Synchronous Endometrial and Ovarian Carcinomas: Evidence of Clonality
Many women with ovarian endometrioid carcinoma present with concurrent endometrial carcinoma. Organ-confined and low-grade synchronous endometrial and ovarian tumors (SEOs) clinically behave as independent primary tumors rather than a single advanced-stage carcinoma. We used 18 SEOs to investigate the ancestral relationship between the endometrial and ovarian components. Based on both targeted and exome sequencing, 17 of 18 patient cases of simultaneous cancer of the endometrium and ovary from our series showed evidence of a clonal relationship, ie, primary tumor and metastasis. Eleven patient cases fulfilled clinicopathol...
Source: JNCI - February 1, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Anglesio, M. S., Wang, Y. K., Maassen, M., Horlings, H. M., Bashashati, A., Senz, J., Mackenzie, R., Grewal, D. S., Li-Chang, H., Karnezis, A. N., Sheffield, B. S., McConechy, M. K., Kommoss, F., Taran, F. A., Staebler, A., Shah, S. P., Wallwiener, D., Br Tags: Brief communication Source Type: research
Massively Parallel Sequencing-Based Clonality Analysis of Synchronous Endometrioid Endometrial and Ovarian Carcinomas
Synchronous early-stage endometrioid endometrial carcinomas (EECs) and endometrioid ovarian carcinomas (EOCs) are associated with a favorable prognosis and have been suggested to represent independent primary tumors rather than metastatic disease. We subjected sporadic synchronous EECs/EOCs from five patients to whole-exome massively parallel sequencing, which revealed that the EEC and EOC of each case displayed strikingly similar repertoires of somatic mutations and gene copy number alterations. Despite the presence of mutations restricted to the EEC or EOC in each case, we observed that the mutational processes that shap...
Source: JNCI - February 1, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Schultheis, A. M., Ng, C. K. Y., De Filippo, M. R., Piscuoglio, S., Macedo, G. S., Gatius, S., Perez Mies, B., Soslow, R. A., Lim, R. S., Viale, A., Huberman, K. H., Palacios, J. C., Reis-Filho, J. S., Matias-Guiu, X., Weigelt, B. Tags: Brief communication Source Type: research
HABP2 G534E Mutation in Familial Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is a common endocrine malignancy, accounting for nearly 90% of all thyroid cancers. About 5% of PTC is hereditary familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC). No general susceptibility gene is known for FNMTC. An oncogenic HABP2 G534E mutation has been recently reported in one FNMTC kindred, suggesting that HABP2 is a susceptibility gene for FNMTC. Because of the limited kindred studied, how commonly this gene is responsible—and hence how important clinically it is—for FNMTC remains to be answered. By investigating a large number of FNMTC kindreds in the present study, we identif...
Source: JNCI - February 1, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Zhang, T., Xing, M. Tags: Brief Communication Source Type: research
Efficacy of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Colon Cancer With Microsatellite Instability: A Large Multicenter AGEO Study
Conclusion:
This study supports the use of adjuvant chemotherapy with fluoropyrimidine plus oxaliplatin in stage III dMMR CC. (Source: JNCI)
Source: JNCI - February 1, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Tougeron, D., Mouillet, G., Trouilloud, I., Lecomte, T., Coriat, R., Aparicio, T., Des Guetz, G., Lecaille, C., Artru, P., Sickersen, G., Cauchin, E., Sefrioui, D., Boussaha, T., Ferru, A., Matysiak-Budnik, T., Silvain, C., Karayan-Tapon, L., Pages, J.-C. Tags: Article Source Type: research
A Matter of Life or Death: Pediatric Oncologists Issue Guidance for Allocating Scarce Chemotherapy Drugs
(Source: JNCI)
Source: JNCI - January 29, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Memo to the Media Source Type: research
An Ethical Framework for Allocating Scarce Life-Saving Chemotherapy and Supportive Care Drugs for Childhood Cancer
Shortages of life-saving chemotherapy and supportive care agents for children with cancer are frequent. These shortages directly affect patients’ lives, compromise both standard of care therapies and clinical research, and create substantial ethical challenges. Efforts to prevent drug shortages have yet to gain traction, and existing prioritization frameworks lack concrete guidance clinicians need when faced with difficult prioritization decisions among equally deserving children with cancer. The ethical framework proposed in this Commentary is based upon multidisciplinary expert opinion, further strengthened by an i...
Source: JNCI - January 29, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Unguru, Y., Fernandez, C. V., Bernhardt, B., Berg, S., Pyke-Grimm, K., Woodman, C., Joffe, S. Tags: Commentary Source Type: research
HPV Involvement in Head and Neck Cancers: Comprehensive Assessment of Biomarkers in 3680 Patients
Conclusions:
HPV contribution to HNCs is substantial but highly heterogeneous by cancer site, region, and sex. This study, the largest exploring HPV attribution in HNCs, confirms the important role of HPVs in oropharyngeal cancer and drastically downplays the previously reported involvement of HPVs in the other HNCs. (Source: JNCI)
Source: JNCI - January 28, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Castellsague, X., Alemany, L., Quer, M., Halec, G., Quiros, B., Tous, S., Clavero, O., Alos, L., Biegner, T., Szafarowski, T., Alejo, M., Holzinger, D., Cadena, E., Claros, E., Hall, G., Laco, J., Poljak, M., Benevolo, M., Kasamatsu, E., Mehanna, H., Ndia Tags: Article Source Type: research
PPM1D Mosaic Truncating Variants in Ovarian Cancer Cases May Be Treatment-Related Somatic Mutations
Mosaic truncating mutations in the protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+-dependent, 1D (PPM1D) gene have recently been reported with a statistically significantly greater frequency in lymphocyte DNA from ovarian cancer case patients compared with unaffected control patients. Using massively parallel sequencing (MPS) we identified truncating PPM1D mutations in 12 of 3236 epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) case patients (0.37%) but in only one of 3431 unaffected control patients (0.03%) (P = .001). All statistical tests were two-sided. A combination of Sanger sequencing, pyrosequencing, and MPS data suggested that 12 of the 13 mutatio...
Source: JNCI - January 27, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Pharoah, P. D. P., Song, H., Dicks, E., Intermaggio, M. P., Harrington, P., Baynes, C., Alsop, K., Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group, Bogdanova, N., Cicek, M. S., Cunningham, J. M., Fridley, B. L., Gentry-Maharaj, A., Hillemanns, P., Lele, S., Lester, Tags: Brief Communication Source Type: research
Chimeric Antigen Receptors Modified T-Cells for Cancer Therapy
The genetic modification and characterization of T-cells with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) allow functionally distinct T-cell subsets to recognize specific tumor cells. The incorporation of costimulatory molecules or cytokines can enable engineered T-cells to eliminate tumor cells. CARs are generated by fusing the antigen-binding region of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) or other ligand to membrane-spanning and intracellular-signaling domains. They have recently shown clinical benefit in patients treated with CD19-directed autologous T-cells. Recent successes suggest that the modification of T-cells with CARs could be a p...
Source: JNCI - January 27, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Dai, H., Wang, Y., Lu, X., Han, W. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Prostate Cancer Susceptibility in Men of African Ancestry at 8q24
In this study, we conducted fine mapping of the 8q24 risk region (127.8–128.8Mb) in search of novel associations with common and rare variation in 4853 prostate cancer case patients and 4678 control subjects of African ancestry. All statistical tests were two-sided. We identified three independent associations at P values of less than 5.00x10–8, all of which were replicated in studies from Ghana and Uganda (combined sample = 5869 case patients, 5615 control subjects; rs114798100: risk allele frequency [RAF] = 0.04, per-allele odds ratio [OR] = 2.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.04 to 2.61, P = 2.38x10&ndash...
Source: JNCI - January 27, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Han, Y., Rand, K. A., Hazelett, D. J., Ingles, S. A., Kittles, R. A., Strom, S. S., Rybicki, B. A., Nemesure, B., Isaacs, W. B., Stanford, J. L., Zheng, W., Schumacher, F. R., Berndt, S. I., Wang, Z., Xu, J., Rohland, N., Reich, D., Tandon, A., Pasaniuc, Tags: Brief Communication Source Type: research
Role of Increased n-acetylaspartate Levels in Cancer
Conclusion:
These findings indicate that the NAA pathway has a prominent role in promoting tumor growth and represents a valuable target for anticancer therapy.
Altered energy metabolism is a hallmark of cancer (1). Proliferating cancer cells have much greater metabolic requirements than nonproliferating differentiated cells (2,3). Moreover, altered cancer metabolism elevates unique metabolic intermediates, which can promote cancer survival and progression (4,5). Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests that proliferating cancer cells exploit alternative metabolic pathways to meet their high demand for energy and to accumul...
Source: JNCI - January 26, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Zand, B., Previs, R. A., Zacharias, N. M., Rupaimoole, R., Mitamura, T., Nagaraja, A. S., Guindani, M., Dalton, H. J., Yang, L., Baddour, J., Achreja, A., Hu, W., Pecot, C. V., Ivan, C., Wu, S. Y., McCullough, C. R., Gharpure, K. M., Shoshan, E., Pradeep, Tags: Article Source Type: research
