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Methylobacterium spp. as an indicator for the presence or absence of Mycobacterium spp.
Conclusion The data demonstrate that microbial populations in biofilms can influence the presence or absence of opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens and, thereby, increase the range of strategies to reduce exposure to waterborne pathogens. Finally, by assessing for the visual presence of methylobacteria as pink pigmentation on showers and shower curtains, homeowners and managers of hospitals and other buildings can quickly determine whether a premise plumbing biofilm sample has mycobacteria with a high degree of assurance. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - March 22, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Anti-mycobacterial activity of polyketides from Penicillium sp. endophyte isolated from Garcinia nobilis against Mycobacteriumsmegmatis
Conclusion Isolated compounds from Penicillium sp. harbored in G. nobilis exhibited promising antimycobacterial activity against M. smegmatis thus supporting the immensity of the potential of antimycobacterial drug discovery from endophytes from medicinal plants. Penialidin C could further be investigated for antimycobacterial drug development. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - March 12, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Drug resistance-conferring mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis from pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Southwest Ethiopia
Conclusion A high rate of drug resistance was commonly observed among failure cases. The most frequent gene mutations associated with the resistance to INH and RIF were observed in the codon 315 of the katG gene and codon 531 of the rpoB gene, respectively. Further studies on mutations in different geographic regions using DNA sequencing techniques are warranted to improve the kit by including more specific mutation probes in the kit. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - March 12, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Tuberculous ventriculitis: A rare complication of central nervous system tuberculosis
Publication date: Available online 12 March 2016 Source:International Journal of Mycobacteriology Author(s): Siavash Vaziri, Saeed Soleimani-Meigooni, Jalil Rajabi, Ali Asgari Tuberculous ventriculitis is an inflammatory infection of the ventricular system of the brain, and is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We herein present the case of an immunocompromised patient with brain tuberculomas who developed ventriculitis during treatment. The patient was successfully treated with a high dose of steroid, long-term antituberculosis drugs, and aggressive supportive care. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - March 12, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Impact of industrial structure and soil exposure on the regional variations in pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease prevalence
Conclusion Environmental factors, both industrial structures associated with occupational dust and environmental soil exposure, could influence the regional variations in pNTM disease prevalence. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - March 9, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

High prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among patients with rifampicin resistance using GeneXpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampicin in Ghana
Conclusion These findings call for a scale-up of TB control in Ghana and provide evidence that the expansion of GeneXpert may be an optimal means to improve case finding and guide treatment of drug-resistant TB in this setting. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - March 9, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

The pros and cons of the QuantiFERON test for the diagnosis of tuberculosis, prediction of disease progression, and treatment monitoring
Conclusion The QuantiFERON has advantages and limitations depending on the type of population studied. Recommendations are made to improve the sensitivity and specificity and to differentiate between latent and active TB by adding other specific proteins in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen cocktail. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - March 9, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Determining treatment outcome of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis cases in Afar Regional State, Ethiopia: A retrospective facility based study
Conclusion: The implementation for the DOTS strategy in the area improved the CDR of smear-positive TB, although it is unacceptably lower than the recommended WHO target of 70%. Additionally, the WHO target of 85% for TSR had already been achieved in the region. However, continued efforts should be in place to increase the CDR and maintain the high TSR registered. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - March 6, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Genotyping of mutations detected with GeneXpert
Conclusion In the setting of a high prevalence of drug resistance, characterization of the genetic basis of MTB strains resistant to rifampin could be screened first with MTBDRplus. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - February 28, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Treatment of severe refractory erythema nodosum leprosum with tumor necrosis factor inhibitor Etanercept
Publication date: Available online 24 February 2016 Source:International Journal of Mycobacteriology Author(s): Sundeep Chowdhry, Akhilesh Shukla, Paschal D’souza, Tapan Dhali, Prashansa Jaiswal Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) is a common complication of lepromatous leprosy. Some patients unresponsive to conventional, first-line therapeutics develop recurrent, recalcitrant ENL. Here, we reported a case of severe refractory ENL that was successfully treated with Etanercept. Biologics may be considered as therapeutic alternatives in management of severe, recalcitrant ENL. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - February 25, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Expression profile of Rab5, Rab7, tryptophan aspartate-containing coat protein, leprae lipoarabinomannan, and phenolic glycolipid-1 on the failure of the phagolysosome process in macrophages of leprosy patients as a viability marker of Mycobacterium leprae
Conclusion In M. leprae infection, Rab5, Rab7, and Lep-LAM play important roles in the failure of the phagolysosome process via a membrane trafficking pathway, while PGL-1 plays a role via blocking lysosomal activities. These inventions might be used for the development of an early diagnostic device in the future. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - February 23, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Mycobacterium leprae specific genomic target in the promoter region of probable 4-alpha-glucanotransferase (ML1545) gene with potential sensitivity for polymerase chain reaction based diagnosis of leprosy
In this study, we investigated the utility of a novel Mycobacterium leprae specific 112-bp DNA sequence in the promoter region of probable 4-alpha-glucanotransferase (pseudogene, ML1545) for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based diagnosis of leprosy in comparison to that of the Rlep gene target. DNA was extracted from slit skin scrapings of 180 newly diagnosed untreated leprosy cases that were classified as per Ridley Jopling classifications and bacteriological index (BI). Primers were designed using Primer Blast 3.0 and PCR was performed with annealing temperatures of 61°C for ML1545 and 58°C for the Rlep gene using con...
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - February 19, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Selection of phage-displayed human antibody fragments specific for CD1b presenting the Mycobacterium tuberculosis glycolipid Ac2SGL
Conclusion A ligand recognizing the Ac2SGL–CD1b complex was obtained, which is a potential candidate to be further tested for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - February 19, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Molecular characterization of mutation detected in rpoB gene of patients screened with GeneXpert
Conclusion In the setting of a high prevalence of drug resistance, characterization of the genetic basis of MTB strains resistant to rifampin could be screened first with MTBDRplus. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - February 19, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Use of RODAC plates to measure containment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a Class IIB biosafety cabinet during routine operations
Conclusion RODAC plates detect mycobacteria at low numbers of microorganisms. In addition, this method allowed us to show that 70% ethanol does not reliably kill mycobacteria when applied for 5min to a dried surface, and that MTB bacilli may arrive outside a Class II BSC during routine practice, although the route could not be documented. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - February 19, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research