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Nanos3 of the frog Rana rugosa: Molecular cloning and characterization
Nanos is expressed in the primordial germ cells (PGCs) and also the germ cells of a variety of organisms as diverse as Drosophila, medaka fish, Xenopus and mouse. In Nanos3‐deficient mice, PGCs fail to incorporate into the gonad and the size of the testis and ovary is thereby dramatically reduced. To elucidate the role of Nanos in an amphibian species, we cloned Nanos3 cDNA from the testis of the R. rugosa frog. RT‐PCR analysis showed strong expression of Nanos3 mRNA in the testis of adult R. rugosa frogs, but expression was not sexually dimorphic during gonadal differentiation. In Nanos3‐knockdown tadpoles produced ...
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - January 1, 2018 Category: Research Authors: Maho Kodama, Madoka Yoshida, Masami Endo, Tohru Kobayashi, Akira Oike, Shigeki Yasumasu, Masahisa Nakamura Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Avian coronary endothelium is a mosaic of sinus venosus ‐ and ventricle‐derived endothelial cells in a region‐specific manner
The origin of coronary endothelial cells (ECs) has been investigated in avian species, and the results showed that the coronary ECs originate from the proepicardial organ (PEO) and developing epicardium. Genetic approaches in mouse models showed that the major source of coronary ECs is the sinus venosus endothelium or ventricular endocardium. To clarify and reconcile the differences between avian and mouse species, we examined the source of coronary ECs in avian embryonic hearts. Using an enhanced green fluorescent protein‐Tol2 system and fluorescent dye labeling, four types of quail‐chick chimeras were made and quail...
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - January 1, 2018 Category: Research Authors: Tatsuya Kamimura, Toshiyuki Yamagishi, Yuji Nakajima Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Issue Information
Cover Photograph: Schematic distribution of E‐cadherin (orange) and putative N‐cadherin (blue). Endothelial cells (in white) express VE‐cadherin, and their subpopulations also express N‐cadherin. A similar illustration was published in the Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, USA (Hatta et al. 1985). See Takeichi (pp. 3–13). (Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation)
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - January 1, 2018 Category: Research Tags: Issue Information Source Type: research

Historical review of the discovery of cadherin, in memory of Tokindo Okada
This article looks back on these discoveries, and recalls how these observations led to the identification of important cell‐cell adhesion molecules known as cadherins. This article looks back on the history of the discovery of cadherin, a family of cell–cell adhesion receptors important for tissue formation. (Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation)
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - December 26, 2017 Category: Research Authors: Masatoshi Takeichi Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Volume Contents
(Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation)
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - December 18, 2017 Category: Research Tags: Volume Contents Source Type: research

Issue Information
Cover Photograph: Primed conversion of Dendra2 reveals the fine morphology of a single motoneuron in a larval zebrafish. The figure is provided by Professor Shin‐ichi Higashijima (See Taniguchi et al. pp. 741–748). (Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation)
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - December 18, 2017 Category: Research Tags: Issue Information Source Type: research

Mitochondrial DNA Heteroplasmy and Purifying Selection in the Mammalian Female Germ Line
Inherited mutations in the mitochondrial (mt)DNA are a major cause of human disease, with approximately 1 in 5000 people affected by one of the hundreds of identified pathogenic mtDNA point mutations or deletions. Due to the severe, and often untreatable, symptoms of many mitochondrial diseases, identifying how these mutations are inherited from one generation to the next has been an area of intense research in recent years. Despite large advances in our understanding of this complex process, many questions remain unanswered, with one of the most hotly debated being whether or not purifying selection acts against pathogeni...
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - December 1, 2017 Category: Research Authors: Stephen P. Burr, Mikael Pezet, Patrick F. Chinnery Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Pluripotency Deconstructed
Pluripotency denotes the flexible capacity of single cells to give rise to all somatic lineages and typically also the germline. Mouse ES cells and post‐implantation epiblast‐derived stem cells (EpiSC) are widely used pluripotent cell culture systems. These two in vitro stem cell types have divergent characteristics. They are considered as representative of distinct developmental stages, distinguished by using the terms “naïve” and “primed”. A binary description is an over‐simplification, however. Here, we discuss an intermediate stage of pluripotency that we term “formative”. Formative pluripotency fea...
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - December 1, 2017 Category: Research Authors: Masaki Kinoshita, Austin Smith Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Mechanisms of kinetochore ‐microtubule attachment errors in mammalian oocytes
Proper kinetochore‐microtubule attachment is essential for correct chromosome segregation. Therefore, cells normally possess multiple mechanisms for the prevention of errors in kinetochore‐microtubule attachments and for selective stabilization of correct attachments. However, the oocyte, a cell that produces an egg through meiosis, exhibits a high frequency of errors in kinetochore‐microtubule attachments. These attachment errors predispose oocytes to chromosome segregation errors, resulting in aneuploidy in eggs. This review aims to provide possible explanations for the error‐prone nature of oocytes by examining ...
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - December 1, 2017 Category: Research Authors: Tomoya S. Kitajima Tags: Review Source Type: research

Maternal Nanos ‐Dependent RNA Stabilization in the Primordial Germ Cells of Drosophila Embryos
This report provides the first evidence for a role of Nos in RNA stabilization in PGCs. (Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation)
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - December 1, 2017 Category: Research Authors: Seiko Sugimori, Yuji Kumata, Satoru Kobayashi Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Usefulness of multiple chalk ‐based food colorings for inducing better gene silencing by feeding RNA interference in planarians
Planarians have become widely recognized as one of the major animal models for regeneration studies in invertebrates. To induce RNA interference (RNAi) by feeding in planarians, the widely accepted protocol is one in which animals undergo two or three feedings of food containing double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) plus visible food coloring (e.g., blood) for confirmation of feeding by individual animals. However, one possible problem is that incorporated food coloring is often retained within the gut for several days, which makes it difficult to confirm the success of each round of dsRNA feeding based on the difference of the co...
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - December 1, 2017 Category: Research Authors: Miki Hattori, Mai Miyamoto, Kazutaka Hosoda, Yoshihiko Umesono Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Physiological and pathological relevance of cell competition in fly to mammals
In multicellular organisms, incidentally emerging suboptimal cells are removed to maintain homeostasis of tissues. The unfavorable cells are excluded by a process termed cell competition whereby the resident normal cells actively eliminate the unfit cells of the identical lineage. Although the phenomenon of cell competition was originally discovered in Drosophila, a number of recent studies have provided implications of cell competition in tissue regeneration, development and oncogenesis in mammals. Here the roles of cell competition in fly to mammals are discussed. The incidentally emerging suboptimal cells are eradicate...
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - December 1, 2017 Category: Research Authors: Shunsuke Kon Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Organizing activity of Fgf8 on the anterior telencephalon
The anterior part of the embryonic telencephalon gives rise to several brain regions that are important for animal behavior, including the frontal cortex (FC) and the olfactory bulb. The FC plays an important role in decision‐making behaviors, such as social and cognitive behavior, and the olfactory bulb is involved in olfaction. Here, we show the organizing activity of fibroblast growth factor 8 (Fgf8) in the regionalization of the anterior telencephalon, specifically the FC and the olfactory bulb. Misexpression of Fgf8 in the most anterior part of the mouse telencephalon at embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5) by ex utero electr...
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - November 10, 2017 Category: Research Authors: Tatsuya Sato, Takako Kikkawa, Tetsuichiro Saito, Keiichi Itoi, Noriko Osumi Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Vitamin A induced homeotic hindlimb formation on dorsal and ventral sides of regenerating tissue of amputated tails of Japanese brown frog tadpoles
In this study, we report the induction of homeotic transformation using Japanese brown frogs and present a detailed morphological analysis. Unexpectedly, the ectopic limbs developed not only at the ventral sites, but also at the dorsal sites of the tail regenerates of vitamin A‐treated tadpoles. The relationship between position and axial orientation of ectopic limbs suggested the double duplication of positional value order along the rostral‐caudal axis and the dorsal‐ventral axis of the tail regenerates. The skeletal pattern in a tadpole with ectopic limbs that are induced by tail‐amputation and vitamin A‐trea...
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - November 1, 2017 Category: Research Authors: Ichiro Tazawa, Yoshio Yaoita Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Link between embryonic stem cell pluripotency and homologous allelic pairing of Oct4 loci
The Oct4 gene is a master regulator of the pluripotent properties of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Recently, Oct4 loci were shown to frequently localize in close proximity to one another during the early stage of cellular differentiation, implicating this event as an important prerequisite step for ESCs to exert their full differentiation potential. Although the differentiation capacity of embryonal carcinoma cells (ECCs), such as F9 and P19 ECC lines, is severely restricted compared with ESCs, ECCs bear a highly similar expression profile to that of ESCs including expression of Oct4 and other pluripotency marker genes. The...
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - October 2, 2017 Category: Research Authors: Masamitsu N. Asaka, Kousuke Uranishi, Ayumu Suzuki, Masataka Hirasaki, Masazumi Nishimoto, Akihiko Okuda Tags: Original Article Source Type: research