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Carbonic anhydrase inhibition blocks skeletogenesis and echinochrome production in Paracentrotus lividus and Heliocidaris tuberculata embryos and larvae
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a family of widely distributed metalloenzymes, involved in diverse physiological processes. These enzymes catalyse the reversible conversion of carbon dioxide to protons and bicarbonate. At least 19 genes encoding for CAs have been identified in the sea urchin genome, with one of these localized to the skeletogenic mesoderm (primary mesenchyme cells, PMCs). We investigated the effects of a specific inhibitor of CA, acetazolamide (AZ), on development of two sea urchin species with contrasting investment in skeleton production, Paracentrotus lividus and Heliocidaris tuberculata, to determine the...
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - June 23, 2015 Category: Research Authors: Francesca Zito, Demian Koop, Maria Byrne, Valeria Matranga Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Issue Information
(Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation)
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - June 9, 2015 Category: Research Tags: Issue Information Source Type: research

Cover Photograph: Xenopus spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) at telophase. Primary spermatogonium destined to differentiate and SSC are thought to arise from areas in which JAK1 mRNA (blue signals in the middle and right column) is present (arrowheads) and absent (double arrowheads), respectively. (See Hyakutake et al.)
(Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation)
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - June 9, 2015 Category: Research Tags: Cover Image Source Type: research

Identification of β integrin‐like‐ and fibronectin‐like proteins in the bivalve mollusk Mytilus trossulus
In this study, we first determined the presence of the β integrin‐like protein and its presumptive ligand, fibronectin‐like protein, during development and in some adult tissues of the bivalve mollusc Mytilus trossulus. We found that β integrin‐like protein expression correlated with the development and differentiation of the digestive system in larvae. Besides the presence of β integrin‐like protein in the digestive epithelial larval cells, this protein was detected in the hemocytes and some adult tissues of M. trossulus. The fibronectin‐like protein was detected firstly at the blastula stage and later, the ...
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - June 1, 2015 Category: Research Authors: Vyacheslav A. Dyachuk, Maria A. Maiorova, Nelly A. Odintsova Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Identification of tool use acquisition‐associated genes in the primate neocortex
In this study, by microarray screening, we identified three genes as tool use acquisition‐associated genes. (Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation)
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - June 1, 2015 Category: Research Authors: Eiji Matsunaga, Sanae Nambu, Mariko Oka, Michio Tanaka, Miki Taoka, Atsushi Iriki Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Lgr5 positive stem cells sorted from small intestines of diabetic mice differentiate into higher proportion of absorptive cells and Paneth cells in vitro
In this study, the in vitro differentiation of Lgr5 positive IESCs sorted from diabetic mice was further investigated. The diabetic mouse model was induced by streptozotocin (STZ), and crypt IECs were isolated from small intestines. Subsequently, Lgr5 positive IESCs were detected by flow cytometry (FCM) and sorted by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS). Differentiation of the sorted IESCs was investigated by detecting the IEC markers in the diabetic mice using immunostaining, quantitative real‐time reverse–transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT–PCR), and Western blot analysis, which was compared with normal...
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - June 1, 2015 Category: Research Authors: Xian‐Yang Zhong, Tao Yu, Wa Zhong, Jie‐Yao Li, Zhong‐Sheng Xia, Yu‐Hong Yuan, Zhong Yu, Qi‐Kui Chen Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Regeneration inducers in limb regeneration
Limb regeneration ability, which can be observed in amphibians, has been investigated as a representative phenomenon of organ regeneration. Recently, an alternative experimental system called the accessory limb model was developed to investigate early regulation of amphibian limb regeneration. The accessory limb model contributed to identification of limb regeneration inducers in urodele amphibians. Furthermore, the accessory limb model may be applied to other species to explore universality of regeneration mechanisms. This review aims to connect the insights recently gained to emboss universality of regeneration mechanism...
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - June 1, 2015 Category: Research Authors: Akira Satoh, Kazumasa Mitogawa, Aki Makanae Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Shlnc‐EC6 regulates murine erythroid enucleation by Rac1‐PIP5K pathway
In this study, we found that knockdown of shlnc‐EC6 in purified mouse fetal liver erythroid progenitor and hematopoietic stem cells (FLEPHSCs) significantly blocked erythroid enucleation. We also showed that Rac1 was negatively regulated by shlnc‐EC6 at the posttranscriptional level via specific binding to sites within the 3′UTR of Rac1 mRNA. Moreover, we found that knockdown of shlnc‐EC6 led to upregulation of Rac1, followed by the activation of the downstream protein PIP5K, and subsequently resulted in the inhibition of enucleation in cultured mouse fetal erythroblasts. Thus, our findings suggest that shlnc‐EC6...
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - June 1, 2015 Category: Research Authors: Chenghai Wang, Xiaohui Wu, Feiyang Shen, Yaoyao Li, Yanqing Zhang, Duonan Yu Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Complex and dynamic expression of cadherins in the embryonic marmoset cerebral cortex
In this study, to explore primate‐specific cadherin expression at the embryonic stage, we extensively analyzed the expression of these cadherins in the developing embryonic marmoset brain. Each cadherin showed differential spatial and temporal expression and exhibited temporally complicated expression. Furthermore, the expression of some cadherins differed from that in rodent brains, even at the embryonic stage. These results suggest the possibility that the differential expressions of diverse cadherins are involved in primate specific cortical development, from the prenatal to postnatal period. Schematic representation...
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - June 1, 2015 Category: Research Authors: Eiji Matsunaga, Sanae Nambu, Mariko Oka, Atsushi Iriki Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Issue Information
(Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation)
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - May 27, 2015 Category: Research Tags: Issue Information Source Type: research

Top left: A chick dosal root ganglion growth cone visualized with YFP‐fascin (see Ohashi). Center: Clathrin‐coated pits visualized by EGFP‐clathrin in the growth cone (see Tojima & Kamiguchi). Right: The sequence of invagination of the Drosophila tracheal placode (from left to right). Green: Crumbs (apical marker), Magenta: tracheal cells (see Kondo & Hayashi). Middle left: Human dermal fibroblast cells that incorporate lactic acid bacteria (Magenta) gain multipotency (See Ohta). Right: Maximum‐intensity projection of lightsheet Z stacks from the 34 hpf transgenic zebrafish embryos. Red/orange: endoderm, Cyan: cardiomyocyte, Violet/white: blood vessel, Grey: yolk. Cardiac precursor cells (CPCs) migrate to the midline beneath the endoderm to form heart. (See Fukuhara et al.). Bottom left: Regenerated tail of the Xenopus tadpole at 7 days post amputation, tail stuructures being emphasized. Tadpoles can regenerate all the component of the tail; the spinal cord, notochord, muscles, vessels and skin (See Hayashi et al.). Right: An ascidian tailbud stage embryo with the germline of the B7.6 blastomere descendants labeled by DiI (see Kumano)
(Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation)
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - May 27, 2015 Category: Research Tags: Cover Image Source Type: research

Early development of circadian rhythmicity in the suprachiamatic nuclei and pineal gland of teleost, flounder (Paralichthys olivaeus), embryos
We report the development of circadian rhythmicity in the SCN and PG. per2 expression rhythmicity in flounder SCN is regulated by a molecular clock. LL and DD conditions deeply affect the development of circadian rhythmicity in the SCN and PG. (Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation)
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - May 26, 2015 Category: Research Authors: Makoto Mogi, Susumu Uji, Hayato Yokoi, Tohru Suzuki Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Blastomeres aggregation as an efficient alternative for trophoblast culture from porcine parthenogenetic embryos
Zona pellucida free (ZPF) oocytes were cultured after electrical activation to allow blastomeres aggregation and compared to ZP intact (ZPI) oocytes. In feeder‐dependent conditions, the trophoblast attachment and primary outgrowths were significantly higher in ZPF than in ZPI groups. In feeder‐free conditions, trophoblast attachment and typical morphological trophoblast primary outgrowths were observed in ZPF group. The primary colonies derived from the ZPF embryos in both culture conditions were able to establish secondary and tertiary colonies and showed mRNA expression of CDX2, TEAD4 and KRT8 as trophoblast markers,...
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - May 19, 2015 Category: Research Authors: Islam M. Saadeldin, Su Jin Kim, Byeong Chun Lee Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

A transportable, inexpensive electroporator for in utero electroporation
We describe the construction of a transportable, simple and inexpensive electroporator delivering square pulses with varying length and amplitude. The device was successfully used for in utero electroporation in mouse with a performance comparable to that of commercial products. Electroporation is a useful technique to study gene function during development but its broad application is hampered due to the expensive equipment needed. We describe the construction of a transportable, simple and inexpensive electroporator delivering square pulses with varying length and amplitude. The device was successfully used for in utero...
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - May 19, 2015 Category: Research Authors: Torsten Bullmann, Thomas Arendt, Urs Frey, Carina Hanashima Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Asymmetrical allocation of JAK1 mRNA during spermatogonial stem cell division in Xenopus laevis
During Xenopus spermatogenesis, each primary spermatogonium (PG), the largest single cell in the testis, undergoes mitotic divisions with a concomitant decrease in size to produce smaller differentiating spermatogonia. The spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) occur in this PG population. Taking advantage of identifiable and isolatable properties of Xenopus SSCs, we examined JAK1 gene expression during the spermatogenesis because there have been reports on the important role of JAK/STAT pathway in regulating the status of SSCs in Drosophila and mouse. Surprisingly, in situ hybridization revealed the presence of JAK1 mRNA in th...
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - May 19, 2015 Category: Research Authors: Keiichiro Hyakutake, Toshihiro Kawasaki, JiDong Zhang, Hiroshi Kubota, Sin‐Ichi Abe, Kazufumi Takamune Tags: Original Article Source Type: research