Development, Growth and Differentiation 
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This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.Live imaging of X chromosome inactivation and reactivation dynamics
The epigenetic phenomenon called X chromosome inactivation plays critical roles in female development in eutherian mammals, and has attracted attention in the fields of developmental biology and regenerative biology in efforts to understand the pluripotency of stem cells. X chromosome inactivation is routinely studied after cell fixation, but live imaging is increasingly being required to improve our understanding of the dynamics and kinetics of X chromosome inactivation and reactivation processes. Here, we describe our live imaging method to monitor the epigenetic status of X chromosomes using a gene knock‐in mouse stra...
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - April 1, 2017 Category: Research Authors: Shin Kobayashi Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Direction ‐dependent contraction forces on cell boundaries induce collective migration of epithelial cells within their sheet
During early embryonic development, epithelial cells form a monolayer sheet and migrate in a definite direction. This phenomenon, called epithelial cell migration, is an important topic in developmental biology. A characteristic feature of this process is attachment to adjacent cells during migration, which is necessary for maintaining the integrity of the sheet. However, it is unclear how these cohesive cells migrate without breaking their attachments. A mechanism for this phenomenon was recently proposed, in which direction‐dependent contraction forces acting on cell boundaries induce unidirectional epithelial migratio...
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - April 1, 2017 Category: Research Authors: Katsuhiko Sato Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Cellular Potts modeling of complex multicellular behaviors in tissue morphogenesis
Mathematical modeling is an essential approach for the understanding of complex multicellular behaviors in tissue morphogenesis. Here, we review the cellular Potts model (CPM; also known as the Glazier‐Graner‐Hogeweg model), an effective computational modeling framework. We discuss its usability for modeling complex developmental phenomena by examining four fundamental examples of tissue morphogenesis: (i) cell sorting, (ii) cyst formation, (iii) tube morphogenesis in kidney development, and (iv) blood vessel formation. The review provides an introduction for biologists for starting simulation analysis using the CPM f...
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - April 1, 2017 Category: Research Authors: Tsuyoshi Hirashima, Elisabeth G. Rens, Roeland M. H. Merks Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Developing guinea pig brain as a model for cortical folding
The cerebral cortex in mammals, the neocortex specifically, is highly diverse among species with respect to its size and morphology, likely reflecting the immense adaptiveness of this lineage. In particular, the pattern and number of convoluted ridges and fissures, called gyri and sulci, respectively, on the surface of the cortex are variable among species and even individuals. However, little is known about the mechanism of cortical folding, although there have been several hypotheses proposed. Recent studies on embryonic neurogenesis revealed the differences in cortical progenitors as a critical factor of the process of ...
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - April 1, 2017 Category: Research Authors: Jun Hatakeyama, Haruka Sato, Kenji Shimamura Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Evolutionary conservation and conversion of Foxg1 function in brain development
The objective of this review is to discuss how the evolutionary changes in cis‐ and trans‐regulatory network that is mediated by a single transcription factor has contributed to determining the fundamental vertebrate brain structure and its divergent roles in instructing species‐specific neuronal circuitry and functional specialization.
Among the forkhead box protein family, Foxg1 is a unique transcription factor that plays pleiotropic and non‐redundant roles in vertebrate brain development. The emergence of the telencephalon at the rostral end of the neural tube and its subsequent expansion that is mediated by Fo...
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - April 1, 2017 Category: Research Authors: Takuma Kumamoto, Carina Hanashima Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Contraction and elongation: Mechanics underlying cell boundary deformations in epithelial tissue
The cell–cell boundaries of epithelial cells form cellular frameworks at the apical side of tissues. Deformations in these boundaries, for example, boundary contraction and elongation, and the associated forces form the mechanical basis of epithelial tissue morphogenesis. In this review, using data from recent Drosophila studies on cell boundary contraction and elongation, I provide an overview of the mechanism underlying the bi‐directional deformations in the epithelial cell boundary, that are sustained by biased accumulations of junctional and apico‐medial non‐muscle myosin II. Moreover, how the junctional tensi...
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - April 1, 2017 Category: Research Authors: Yusuke Hara Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Expression patterns of Sema3A in developing amniote limbs: With reference to the diversification of peripheral nerve innervation
Paired limbs were acquired in the ancestor of tetrapods and their morphology has been highly diversified in amniotes in relation to the adaptive radiation to the terrestrial environment. These morphological changes may have been induced by modification of the developmental program of the skeletal or muscular system. To complete limb modification, it is also important to change the neuronal framework, because the functions of the limbs rely on neural circuits that involve coordinated movement. Previous studies have shown that class 3 semaphorins (Sema3 semaphorins), which act as repulsive axonal guidance cues, play a crucia...
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - April 1, 2017 Category: Research Authors: Kanami Noguchi, Ryota Ishikawa, Masahumi Kawaguchi, Kanako Miyoshi, Takahiko Kawasaki, Tatsumi Hirata, Makiko Fukui, Shigeru Kuratani, Mikiko Tanaka, Yasunori Murakami Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Molecular basis of social competence in medaka fish
Oryzias latipes (Medaka) is an established vertebrate model for studying developmental genetics, genomics, and evolutionary biology. The physiology, embryology, and genetics of this species have been extensively investigated for centuries. Medaka fish recently attracted attention in the field of social neuroscience. This review introduces recent advances in medaka behavioral studies, focusing on female mating preferences and male mate‐guarding behaviors. The medaka female has the ability to discriminate male individuals and prefers to mate with socially familiar males (female mating preference). In triadic relationships ...
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - April 1, 2017 Category: Research Authors: Teruhiro Okuyama, Saori Yokoi, Hideaki Takeuchi Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Role of the endocannabinoid system in vertebrates: Emphasis on the zebrafish model
The endocannabinoid system (eCBs), named after the plant Cannabis sativa, comprises cannabinoid receptors, endogenous ligands known as “endocannabinoids”, and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and degradation of these ligands, as well as putative transporters for these ligands. ECBs proteins and small molecules have been detected in early embryonic stages of many vertebrate models. As a result, cannabinoid receptors and endogenous as well as exogenous cannabinoids influence development and behavior in many vertebrate species. Understanding the precise mechanisms of action for the eCBs will provide an invaluable guid...
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - April 1, 2017 Category: Research Authors: Francesca Oltrabella, Adam Melgoza, Brian Nguyen, Su Guo Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Descending pathways to the spinal cord in teleosts in comparison with mammals, with special attention to rubrospinal pathways
In this article we review descending neural pathways to the spinal cord in teleosts, compared with mammals. Descending pathways to the spinal cord are crucial in controlling various behaviors in vertebrates. The major difference between teleosts and mammals is the lack of corticospinal (or palliospinal) tracts. Other descending pathways, which originate from the brain stem, are basically identical in teleosts and mammals. This suggests the presence of common systems in the spinal motor control by higher order centers. The homologue of nucleus ruber remained unclear in teleosts until recently, and this review pays special a...
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - April 1, 2017 Category: Research Authors: Naoyuki Yamamoto, Tomoya Nakayama, Hanako Hagio Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
The world of epithelial sheets
An epithelium is a layer of closely connected cells covering the body or lining a body cavity. In this review, several fundamental questions are addressed regarding the epithelium. (i) While an epithelium functions as barrier against the external environment, how is barrier function maintained during its construction? (ii) What determines the apical and basal sides of epithelial layer? (iii) Is there any relationship between the apical side of the epithelium and the apical membrane of an epithelial cell? (iv) Why are hepatocytes (liver cells) called epithelial, even though they differ completely from column‐like shape of...
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - April 1, 2017 Category: Research Authors: Hisao Honda Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Evolutionary mechanisms that generate morphology and neural ‐circuit diversity of the cerebellum
The cerebellum is derived from the dorsal part of the anterior‐most hindbrain. The vertebrate cerebellum contains glutamatergic granule cells (GCs) and gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic Purkinje cells (PCs). These cerebellar neurons are generated from neuronal progenitors or neural stem cells by mechanisms that are conserved among vertebrates. However, vertebrate cerebella are widely diverse with respect to their gross morphology and neural circuits. The cerebellum of cyclostomes, the basal vertebrates, has a negligible structure. Cartilaginous fishes have a cerebellum containing GCs, PCs, and deep cerebellar nuclei ...
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - April 1, 2017 Category: Research Authors: Masahiko Hibi, Koji Matsuda, Miki Takeuchi, Takashi Shimizu, Yasunori Murakami Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Reconstructing the ancestral vertebrate brain
Highly complicated morphologies and sophisticated functions of vertebrate brains have been established through evolution. However, the origin and early evolutionary history of the brain remain elusive, owing to lack of information regarding the brain architecture of extant and fossil species of jawless vertebrates (agnathans). Comparative analyses of the brain of less studied cyclostomes (only extant agnathan group, consisting of lampreys and hagfish) with the well‐known sister group of jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) are the only tools we have available to illustrate the ancestral architecture of the vertebrate brain. ...
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - April 1, 2017 Category: Research Authors: Fumiaki Sugahara, Yasunori Murakami, Juan Pascual ‐Anaya, Shigeru Kuratani Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Issue Information
Cover Photograph: Turning behavior of zebrafish larva (5 day old). Tactile stimulation of tungsten needle elicits C‐Shaped body curvature to swim away from the stimulus (See Shoji and Umeda pp. 107–114). (Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation)
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - April 1, 2017 Category: Research Tags: Issue Information Source Type: research
Retraction
(Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation)
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - March 1, 2017 Category: Research Tags: Retraction Source Type: research
