Implications of Fibroblast growth factor/Klotho system in glucose metabolism and diabetes
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs)/Klotho system is a new biological system with relevant metabolic implications. Endocrine FGFs are molecules involved in important aspects of glucose metabolism (including hepatic glucose synthesis, glucose uptake, insulin sensitivity…). Moreover, these factors have been related to the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. In addition, they can offer new potential therapeutic targets for treatment of diabetes. (Source: Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews)
Source: Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews - December 9, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Javier Donate-Correa, Ernesto Martín-Núñez, Nayra Pérez Delgado, Mercedes Muros de Fuentes, Alberto Ortiz Arduan, Carmen Mora-Fernández, Juan F. Navarro González Tags: Mini review Source Type: research
Tuning cellular responses to BMP-2 with material surfaces
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) is a multifunctional growth factor belonging to the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily. It was identified in the 1970s as an essential molecule for de novo bone formation in adult animals [1,2]. Indeed BMP-2 is one of the strongest osteoinductive factors known so far: it initiates the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into osteoblasts and chondrocytes in vivo and in vitro [3], as well as the transdifferentiation of muscle cells into bone cells [4,5]. (Source: Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews)
Source: Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews - December 3, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Elisa Migliorini, Anne Valat, Catherine Picart, Elisabetta Ada Cavalcanti-Adam Tags: Survey Source Type: research
A critical role of interleukin-1 in preterm labor
Preterm birth (PTB; delivery before 37 weeks of gestation) affects 1 out of 10 newborn and is the second leading cause of infant deaths in the United States and worldwide [1,2]. Major advances have been made in the past decades, but the etiology of PTB remains mostly unknown, and to this date no pharmacological compound has been successful in arresting uterine labor after its onset. Accordingly, the rate of PTB in the United States has increased since 1990 (11.72% in 2011 compared to 10.62% in 1990) suggesting that PTB remains an important clinical challenge despite advances made [2]. (Source: Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews)
Source: Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews - November 30, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Mathieu Nadeau-Vallée, Dima Obari, Christiane Quiniouq, William D. Lubell, David M. Olson, Sylvie Girard, Sylvain Chemtob Tags: Survey Source Type: research
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(Source: Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews)
Source: Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews - November 29, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
BMPs in Bone Regeneration: Less is more effective, a paradigm-shift
In 1889, N. Senn reported that decalcified bone induced healing in bone defects with osteomyelitis [1]. G. Levander demonstrated in a series of studies starting in 1934 that bone extract injected into muscles caused ectopic bone formation [2–4]. In 1945, P. Lacroix reported a substance he called “osteogenin”, which he had extracted from the cartilaginous epiphysis of the long bones of newly born rabbits. He subsequently injected the osteogenin into the thigh muscles of other rabbits and induced the formation of an osteoma, revealing the presence of all the structures of a growing long bone [5]. (Source: Cytokine and ...
Source: Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews - November 25, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Katharina Schmidt-Bleek, Bettina M. Willie, Philipp Schwabe, Petra Seemann, Georg N. Duda Tags: Mini review Source Type: research
Mechanisms of action of bone morphogenetic proteins in cancer
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), a subfamily of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family, are glycosylated extracellular matrix-associated molecules that act as ligands for specific receptors on target cells (Fig. 1). BMPs were identified through a pivotal role in bone formation; subsequent work has demonstrated that BMP signalling is an evolutionary conserved pathway with a diverse range of functions in different tissue types including embryonic patterning, homeostasis, cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation control, bone metabolism, vascular homeostasis and iron deposition in the liver, amongst many othe...
Source: Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews - November 24, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Hayley Davis, Erna Raja, Kohei Miyazono, Yutaro Tsubakihara, Aristidis Moustakas Tags: Mini review Source Type: research
BMP-SMAD signaling: from pluripotent stem cells to cardiovascular commitment
1.1The role of BMP-SMAD signaling pathway in embryonic stem cells (Source: Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews)
Source: Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews - November 24, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Valeria V. Orlova, Susana Chuva de Sousa Lopes, Gudrun Valdimarsdottir Tags: Mini review Source Type: research
Structural insights into BMP receptors: specificity, activation and inhibition
Members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) superfamily are secreted multi-functional growth factors that determine the development, maintenance and regeneration of tissues and organs. Their importance in the development of multicellular organisms is clear from their presence in all vertebrates and invertebrate animals. On the basis of their phylogenetic and functional relationships, the TGFβ/BMPs can be subdivided into four subgroups, which also highlight mechanistic differences in receptor binding and activation or the differences found in modulatory mechanisms. (Source: Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews)
Source: Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews - November 24, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: David Yadin, Petra Knaus, Thomas D. Mueller Tags: Survey Source Type: research
Common mechanisms in development and disease: BMP signaling in craniofacial development
(Source: Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews)
Source: Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews - November 24, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Daniel Graf, Zeba Malik, Satoru Hayano, Yuji Mishina Tags: Mini review Source Type: research
BMP morphogen gradients in flies
Morphogens are secreted molecules controlling the patterning of tissues and organs in a concentration-dependent manner. From their region of production (the source), morphogens form concentration gradients into the adjacent target tissue. Cells in the target tissue acquire positional information by reading the local morphogen concentration (or other morphogen parameters), and regulate target gene expression according to thresholds[1]. Thereby, morphogens can subdivide tissues into defined subdomains with distinct cell fates (French flag model) [2]. (Source: Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews)
Source: Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews - November 24, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Shinya Matsuda, Stefan Harmansa, Markus Affolter Tags: Mini review Source Type: research
Antimicrobial potentials and structural disorder of human and animal defensins
Defensins belong to a diverse group of antimicrobial peptides with pronounced biocidal activity [1–8]. These are short, cationic, cysteine-rich polypeptides, which are well-known for their high and broad antimicrobial potentials [7,8]. Being originally isolated from human and rabbit neutrophils (or neutrophil granulocytes, which are the most abundant type of white blood cells in most mammals, accounting for 40% to 75% of white blood cells) [9], defensins have also been found in various other vertebrates [10], invertebrates [11], insects [12], and plants [13,14]. (Source: Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews)
Source: Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews - November 5, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Ehab H. Mattar, Hussein A. Almehdar, Haitham A. Yacoub, Vladimir N. Uversky, Elrashdy M. Redwan Source Type: research
FGF10: A multifunctional mesenchymal–epithelial signaling growth factor in development, health, and disease
Secreted signaling proteins such as FGFs, BMPs, Hedgehogs, and WNTs regulate intracellular signaling events in neighboring cells in a paracrine manner. These signaling pathways, which are activated in a highly coordinated manner, are crucial for ensuring the proper development and health of vertebrates [1,2]. (Source: Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews)
Source: Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews - October 31, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Nobuyuki Itoh Tags: Mini review Source Type: research
FGF10: a multifunctional mesenchymal-epithelial signaling growth factor in development, health, and disease
Secreted signaling proteins such as FGFs, BMPs, Hedgehogs, and WNTs regulate intracellular signaling events in neighboring cells in a paracrine manner. These signaling pathways, which are activated in a highly coordinated manner, are crucial for ensuring the proper development and health of vertebrates [1,2]. (Source: Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews)
Source: Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews - October 31, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Nobuyuki Itoh Tags: Mini review Source Type: research
The PDGF system and its antagonists in liver fibrosis
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) belongs to the family of growth factors consisting of four secreted extracellular ligands encoded by four different genes. They are assembled into disulfide-bonded dimers via homo- or heterodimerization [1]. PDGF-A and -B may form both homodimers and heterodimers (PDGF-AA, -AB, -BB) but PDGF-C and -D exist only as homodimers (PDGF-CC and -DD). The different PDGF members show a high sequence identity with vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) and are therefore often referred to as the PDGF/VEGF family in mammals and invertebrates. (Source: Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews)
Source: Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews - October 30, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Erawan Borkham-Kamphorst, Ralf Weiskirchen Tags: Mini review Source Type: research
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Source: Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews - September 19, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
