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Application of clinical proteomics in acute respiratory distress syndrome
This article reviews the contemporary proteomics platforms that are available for comprehensive studies in ARDS. The challenges of various biofluids that could be investigated and some of the studies performed are also discussed. (Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine)
Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine - October 15, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Maneesh BhargavaLeeAnn HigginsChristine WendtDavid Ingbar Source Type: research

Novel clinical therapeutics targeting the epithelial to mesenchymal transition
The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is implicated in many processes, ranging from tissue and organogenesis to cancer and metastatic spread. Understanding the key regulatory mechanisms and mediators within this process offers the opportunity to develop novel therapeutics with broad clinical applicability. To date, several components of EMT already are targeted using pharmacologic agents in fibrosis and cancer. As our knowledge of EMT continues to grow, the potential for novel therapeutics will also increase. This review focuses on the role of EMT both as a necessary part of development and a key player in disease...
Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine - October 15, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Anai KothariZhiyong MiMatthew ZapfPaul Kuo Source Type: research

Biological and clinical significance of cancer stem cell plasticity
In the past decade, the traditional view of cancers as a homogeneous collection of malignant cells is being replaced by a model of ever increasing complexity suggesting that cancers are complex tissues composed of multiple cell types. This complex model of tumorigenesis has been well supported by a growing body of evidence indicating that most cancers including those derived from blood and solid tissues display a hierarchical organization of tumor cells with phenotypic and functional heterogeneity and at the apex of this hierarchy are cells capable of self-renewal. These “tumor imitating cells” or “cancer stem cells�...
Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine - October 7, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Yongyou ZhuMing LuoMichael BrooksShawn ClouthierMax Wicha Source Type: research

Targeting met mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the treatment of breast cancer
Mesenchymal epithelial transition factor receptor (Met) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that plays a critical role in promoting cancer cell malignant progression. Met is activated by its ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). HGF-dependent Met activation plays an important role in stimulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tumor cells, resulting in increased tumor cell proliferation, survival, motility, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. The HGF/Met axis has thus attracted great interest as a potential target in the development of novel cancer therapies. In an effort to suppress tumor cell malignant progress...
Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine - September 26, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Paul Sylvester Source Type: research

Transcriptional factor snail controls tumor neovascularization, growth and metastasis in mouse model of human ovarian carcinoma
Conclusion: Snail transcriptional factor is an important intermediate player in human ovarian tumor neovascularization. (Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine)
Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine - September 23, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Samar AbdulkhalekOlivia GeenLacey BrodhagenFiona HaxhoFarah AlghamdiStephanie AllisonDuncan SimmonsLeah O¿SheaRonald NeufeldMyron Szewczuk Source Type: research

Lung flute improves symptoms and health status in COPD with chronic bronchitis: A 26 week randomized controlled trial
Conclusions: The Lung Flute is a safe and effective treatment in COPD with chronic bronchitis, providing a wide array of benefits.ClinicalTrials.gov IdentifierNCT01186822 (Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine)
Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine - September 23, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Sanjay SethiJingjing YinPamela Anderson Source Type: research

The hippo signaling pathway: implications for heart regeneration and disease
Control of cell number and organ size is critical for appropriate development and tissue homeostasis. Studies in both Drosophila and mammals have established the Hippo signaling pathway as an important modulator of organ size and tumorigenesis. Upon activation, this kinase cascade modulates gene expression through the phosphorylation and inhibition of transcription co-activators that are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, growth and apoptosis. Hippo signaling serves to limit organ size and suppress malignancies, and has been implicated in tissue regeneration following injury. These outcomes highlight the impo...
Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine - September 16, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Dominic Del Re Source Type: research

Stem cell delivery of therapies for brain disorders
The blood brain barrier (BBB) poses a problem to deliver drugs for brain malignancies and neurodegenerative disorders. Stem cells such as neural stem cells (NSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be used to delivery drugs or RNA to the brain. This use of methods to bypass the hurdles of delivering drugs across the BBB is particularly important for diseases with poor prognosis such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Stem cell treatment to deliver drugs to neural tumors is currently in clinical trial. This method, albeit in the early phase, could be an advantage because stem cells can cross the BBB into the brain. MSCs a...
Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine - July 19, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Alexander AleynikKevin GernavageYasmine MouradLauren ShermanKatherine LiuYuriy GubenkoPranela Rameshwar Source Type: research

Biomechanics of TGFß-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition: implications for fibrosis and cancer
Fibrosis, a disease that results in loss of organ function, contributes to a significant number of deaths worldwide and sustained fibrotic activation has been suggested to increase the risk of developing cancer in a variety of tissues. Fibrogenesis and tumor progression are regulated in part through the activation and activity of myofibroblasts. Increasing evidence links myofibroblasts found within fibrotic lesions and the tumor microenvironment to a process termed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a phenotypic change in which epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal characteristics. EMT can be stimulated by soluble sig...
Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine - July 15, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Joseph O¿ConnorEsther Gomez Source Type: research

Safety of repeated transplantations of neurotrophic factors-secreting human mesenchymal stromal stem cells
Conclusions: Based on these results we conclude that repeated injections of human MSC-NTF are well tolerated in mice. The results of this study suggest that if the outcomes of additional clinical studies point to the need for repeated treatments, such option can be considered safe. (Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine)
Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine - July 10, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Yael GothelfNatalie AbramovAdrian HarelDaniel Offen Source Type: research

The Hippo pathway in disease and therapy: cancer and beyond
The Hippo tumour suppressor pathway co-ordinates cell proliferation, cell death and cell differentiation to regulate tissue growth control. In mammals, a conserved core Hippo signalling module receives signal inputs on different levels to ensure the proper regulation of YAP/TAZ activities as transcriptional co-activators. While the core module members MST1/2, Salvador, LATS1/2 and MOB1 have been attributed tumour suppressive functions, YAP/TAZ have been mainly described to have oncogenic roles, although some reports provided evidence supporting growth suppressive roles of YAP/TAZ in certain cancer settings. Intriguingly, m...
Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine - July 10, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Marta GomezValenti GomezAlexander Hergovich Source Type: research

Incorporating translational research with clinical research to increase effectiveness in healthcare for better health
DiscussionAs part of the 13th Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI) International Symposium on Health Disparities, several senior academic leaders joined efforts to hold a workshop to discuss a model that considers the incorporation of two translational research strategies in research career development programs: Comparative effectiveness research (CER) and community-based participatory research (CBPR) for increasing healthcare effectiveness and eliminating healthcare disparities. Discussion included what issues may be most germane to the concept of a unified model for research workforce development through form...
Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine - July 5, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Estela EstapeMary MaysRosanne HarriganRobert Mayberry Source Type: research

Possible mechanism and clinical potentials of allostery
Allostery is involved in the dynamic regulation of biological functions in proteins. Advances in allostery research have recently drawn great interest and brought allostery closer to the clinic. The present co... (Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine)
Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine - July 3, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Peixin Huang and Elena López Villar Source Type: research

Animal models of chronic tympanic membrane perforation: in response to plasminogen initiates and potentiates the healing of acute and chronic tympanic membrane perforations in mice
Tympanic membrane perforations (TMP) are relatively common but are typically not treated in their acute stage, as most will heal spontaneously in 7–10 days. Those cases which fail to heal within 3 months are c... (Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine)
Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine - March 26, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Allen Y Wang, Yi Shen, Jeffrey T Wang, Robert H Eikelboom and Rodney J Dilley Source Type: research

Proper paraffin slide storage is crucial for translational research projects involving immunohistochemistry stains
The use of paraffin slides and tissue microarrays (TMA) is indispensable for translational research. However, storage of paraffin slides over time has a substantial detrimental effect on the quality and reliab... (Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine)
Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine - March 17, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Mary Economou, Liliane Schöni, Caroline Hammer, José A Galván, Dominique-Elisabeth Mueller and Inti Zlobec Source Type: research