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Prognostic factors in the acute respiratory distress syndrome
Despite improvements in critical care, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains a devastating clinical problem with high rates of morbidity and mortality. A better understanding of the prognostic factors associated with ARDS is crucial for facilitating risk stratification and developing new therapeutic interventions that aim to improve clinical outcomes. In this article, we present an up-to-date summary of factors that predict mortality in ARDS in four categories: (1) clinical characteristics; (2) physiological parameters and oxygenation; (3) genetic polymorphisms and biomarkers; and (4) scoring systems. In addit...
Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine - July 2, 2015 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Wei ChenLorraine Ware Source Type: research

Kinetics of lung tissue factor expression and procoagulant activity in bleomycin induced acute lung injury
Conclusion: These data demonstrate that cytokine upregulation is the earliest response to bleomycin administration, followed by increased lung permeability, upregulation of TF, and recruitment of inflammatory cells. (Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine)
Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine - June 21, 2015 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Li MaCiara ShaverBrandon GroveDaphne MitchellNancy WickershamRobert CarnahanTracy CooperBrittany BrakeLorraine WareJulie Bastarache Source Type: research

Eicosapentaenoic Acid as long-term secondary prevention after ischemic stroke
Conclusion: Hemorrhagic stroke was not occurred in our observation of EPA prescribed patients. The clinical features of recurrent stroke patients were the existing complications of dyslipidemia and renal dysfunction. (Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine)
Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine - June 11, 2015 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Taizen NakaseMasahiro SasakiAkifumi Suzuki Source Type: research

Human Chromosome Y and Haplogroups; introducing YDHS Database
Conclusions: Y-chromosomal DNA (Y-DNA) haplogroups and sequence variants have not been in the scientific limelight, excluding certain specialized fields like forensics, mainly because there is not much freely available information or it is scattered in different sources. However, as we have demonstrated Y-SNPs do play a role in various cases on the haplogroup level and it is possible to create a free Y-DNA dedicated bioinformatics resource. (Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine)
Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine - June 10, 2015 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Timo TiirikkaJukka Moilanen Source Type: research

Maximum flow approach to prioritize potential drug targets of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv from protein-protein interaction network
Conclusion: Potential drug targets of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv were successfully prioritized based on their flow to resistance genes of existing drugs which is believed to increase the druggability of the targets since inhibition of a protein that has a maximum flow to resistance genes is more likely to disrupt the communication to these genes. Purposely selected literature review of the top 14 proteins showed that many of them in this list were proposed as drug targets of the pathogen. (Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine)
Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine - June 5, 2015 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Tilahun MelakSunita Gakkhar Source Type: research

Study of phosphorylation events for cancer diagnoses and treatment
The activation of signaling cascades in response to extracellular and intracellular stimuli to control cell growth, proliferation and survival, is orchestrated by protein kinases via phosphorylation. A critical issue is the study of the mechanisms of cancer cells for the development of more effective drugs. With the application of the new proteomic technologies, together with the advancement in the sequencing of the human proteome, patients will therefore be benefited by the discovery of novel therapeutic and/or diagnostic protein targets. Furthermore, the advances in proteomic approaches and the Human Proteome Organizatio...
Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine - May 24, 2015 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Elena VillarLuis MaderoJuan López-PascualWilliam Cho Source Type: research

Association between the TCF7L2 rs12255372 (G/T) gene polymorphism and type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Cameroonian population: a pilot study
Background: To study the relationship between the rs12255372 (G/T) polymorphism of the transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a Cameroonian population. Methods: This case–control study included 60 T2DM patients and 60 healthy normoglycemic controls, all unrelated and of Cameroonian origin, aged above 40 years (range 40–87). The Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism - Polymerase Chain Reaction (RFLP-PCR) was used for genotyping. Results: The T allele frequency was significantly higher in the diabetic group (0.44) than in the control group (0.17). This allele was significantly a...
Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine - April 23, 2015 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Dieudonne NanfaEugene SobngwiBarbara Atogho-TiedeuJean NoubiapOlivier DonfackEdith MofoMagellan Guewo-FokengAurelie Nguimmo MetsadjioElvis Ndonwi NgwaPriscille Pokam FossoEric DjahmeniRosine Djokam-DadjeuMarie-Solange EveheFolefac AminkengWilfred MbachamJ Source Type: research

Utility of five commonly used immunohistochemical markers TTF-1, Napsin A, CK7, CK5/6 and P63 in primary and metastatic adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung: a retrospective study of 246 fine needle aspiration cases
Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that IHC markers had variable sensitivity and specificity in the subclassification of primary and metastatic ADC and SqCC. Based on morphological findings, an algorithm with the combination use of markers aided in the subclassification of NSCLCs in difficult cases. (Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine)
Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine - April 21, 2015 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Grzegorz GurdaLei ZhangYuting WangLi ChenSusan GeddesWilliam ChoFrederic AskinEdward GabrielsonQing Li Source Type: research

Addressing challenges of training a new generation of clinician-innovators through an interdisciplinary medical technology design program: Bench-to-Bedside
Graduate medical education has traditionally focused on training future physicians to be outstanding clinicians with basic and clinical science research skills. This focus has resulted in substantial knowledge gains, but a modest return on investment based on direct improvements in clinical care. In today’s shifting healthcare landscape, a number of important challenges must be overcome to not only improve the delivery of healthcare, but to prepare future physicians to think outside the box, focus on and create healthcare innovations, and navigate the complex legal, business and regulatory hurdles of bringing innovation ...
Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine - April 19, 2015 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Patrick LoftusCraig ElderTroy D¿AmbrosioJohn Langell Source Type: research

Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition: a double-edged sword
Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a physiological process necessary to normal embryologic development. However in genesis of pathological situations, this transition can be perverted and signaling pathways have different regulations from those of normal physiology. In cancer invasion, such a mechanism leads to generation of circulating tumor cells. Epithelial cancer cells become motile mesenchymal cells able to shed from the primary tumor and enter in the blood circulation. This is the major part of the invasive way of cancer. EMT is also implicated in chronic diseases like fibrosis and particularly renal fibrosis...
Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine - April 14, 2015 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Guislaine BarrierePietro FiciGiulia GalleraniFrancesco FabbriMichel Rigaud Source Type: research

Psoriasis drug development and GWAS interpretation through in silico analysis of transcription factor binding sites
Conclusions: We identified new TF/uDBP candidates and developed an approach that (i) connects transcriptome informatics to cdODN drug development and (ii) enhances our ability to interpret GWAS findings. Disruption of PRE motifs by psoriasis risk alleles may contribute to disease susceptibility. (Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine)
Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine - March 19, 2015 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: William SwindellMrinal SarkarPhilip StuartJohn VoorheesJames ElderAndrew JohnstonJohann Gudjonsson Source Type: research

Erratum to: The hippo signaling pathway: implications for heart regeneration and disease
No description available (Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine)
Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine - March 10, 2015 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Dominic Del Re Source Type: research

MELK¿a conserved kinase: functions, signaling, cancer, and controversy
Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) is a highly conserved serine/threonine kinase initially found to be expressed in a wide range of early embryonic cellular stages, and as a result has been implicated in embryogenesis and cell cycle control. Recent evidence has identified a broader spectrum of tissue expression pattern for this kinase than previously appreciated. MELK is expressed in several human cancers and stem cell populations. Unique spatial and temporal patterns of expression within these tissues suggest that MELK plays a prominent role in cell cycle control, cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell migration...
Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine - March 7, 2015 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Ranjit GangulyAhmed MohyeldinJordyn ThielHarley KornblumMonique BeullensIchiro Nakano Source Type: research

Incidence of kiaa1549-braf fusion gene in Egyptian pediatric low grade glioma
Conclusion: Gene fusion is found to be significantly increased in cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma tumors. Furthermore, 15–9 was found to have a higher incidence among our cohort compared to previous studies. While most of the gene fusion positive pilomyxoid astrocytomas were 15–9, we find the association none significant. (Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine)
Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine - March 3, 2015 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Hala TahaMaha YehiaMadeha MahmoudMohamed El-BeltagyMyret GhabrielShahenda El-Naggar Source Type: research

EMT and tumor metastasis
This article reviews these processes and the molecular pathways that contribute to them. First, we compare embryogenesis and development with cancer metastasis. We then discuss the signaling pathways and the differential expression and down-regulation of receptors in both tumor cells and stromal cells, which play a role in EMT and metastasis. We further delve into the clinical implications of EMT and MET in several types of tumors, and lastly, we discuss the role of epigenetic events that regulate EMT/MET processes. We hypothesize that reversible epigenetic events regulate both EMT and MET, and thus, also regulate the deve...
Source: Clinical and Translational Medicine - February 26, 2015 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Sarah HeerbothGenevieve HousmanMeghan LearyMckenna LongacreShannon BylerKarolina LapinskaAmber WillbanksSibaji Sarkar Source Type: research