Current Evidence on the Association of Dietary Patterns and Bone Health: A Scoping Review
In this study we aimed to conduct a scoping review of the literature that assessed the impact of dietary patterns (derived with the use of both a priori and data-driven approaches) on bone outcomes, including bone mineral status, bone biomarkers, osteoporosis, and fracture risk. We retrieved 49 human studies up to June 2016 from the PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL databases. Most of these studies used a data-driven method, especially factor analysis, to derive dietary patterns. Several studies examined adherence to a variety of the a priori dietary indexes, including the Mediterranean diet score, the Healthy Eating Index (HEI),...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - January 16, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Movassagh, E. Z., Vatanparast, H. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Docosahexaenoic Acid
(Source: Advances in Nutrition)
Source: Advances in Nutrition - November 14, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Richard, C., Calder, P. C. Tags: Nutrient Information Source Type: research
Insights for Setting of Nutrient Requirements, Gleaned by Comparison of Selenium Status Biomarkers in Turkeys and Chickens versus Rats, Mice, and Lambs
To gain insights into nutrient biomarkers and setting of dietary nutrient requirements, selenium biomarker levels and requirements in response to multiple graded levels of dietary selenium were compared between day-old turkeys and chickens versus weanling rats and mice and 2-d-old lambs supplemented with sodium selenite. In rodents, there was no significant effect of dietary selenium on growth, indicating that the minimum selenium requirement was <0.007 μg Se/g diet. In contrast, there was a significant effect in turkeys, chicks, and lambs, which showed selenium requirements for growth of 0.05, 0.025, and 0.05 μg ...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - November 14, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Sunde, R. A., Li, J.-L., Taylor, R. M. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
The Role of Cytochrome P450 Epoxygenases, Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase, and Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids in Metabolic Diseases
Metabolic diseases are associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. The features comprising metabolic diseases include obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. Recent evidence has emerged showcasing a role for cytochrome P450 epoxygenases, soluble epoxide hydrolase, and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) in the development and progression of metabolic diseases. This review discusses the current knowledge related to the modulation of cytochrome P450 epoxygenases and soluble epoxide hydrolase to alter concentrations of biologically active EETs, resulting in effect...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - November 14, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Xu, X., Li, R., Chen, G., Hoopes, S. L., Zeldin, D. C., Wang, D. W. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Impact of Dietary Fibers on Nutrient Management and Detoxification Organs: Gut, Liver, and Kidneys
Increased dietary fiber (DF) intake elicits a wide range of physiologic effects, not just locally in the gut, but systemically. DFs can greatly alter the gut milieu by affecting the gut microbiome, which in turn influences the gut barrier, gastrointestinal immune and endocrine responses, and nitrogen cycling and microbial metabolism. These gut-associated changes can then alter the physiology and biochemistry of the body’s other main nutrient management and detoxification organs, the liver and kidneys. The molecular mechanisms by which DF alters the physiology of the gut, liver, and kidneys is likely through gut-local...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - November 14, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Kieffer, D. A., Martin, R. J., Adams, S. H. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Nonceliac Gluten Sensitivity
Nonceliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) refers to a clinical phenotype in which patients experience intestinal and extraintestinal symptoms related to ingesting a gluten-containing diet after a diagnosis of celiac disease (CD) or wheat allergy has been excluded. CD, an autoimmune disease characterized by villous atrophy triggered by the ingestion of gluten, has increased in prevalence in recent decades, although the majority of patients remain undiagnosed. There is now an increasing public awareness of NCGS and growing interest in the health effects of gluten among health professionals and the lay public. Several randomized co...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - November 14, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Krigel, A., Lebwohl, B. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Altered Transport and Metabolism of Phenolic Compounds in Obesity and Diabetes: Implications for Functional Food Development and Assessment
Interest in the application of phenolic compounds from the diet or supplements for the prevention of chronic diseases has grown substantially, but the efficacy of such approaches in humans is largely dependent on the bioavailability and metabolism of these compounds. Although food and dietary factors have been the focus of intense investigation, the impact of disease states such as obesity or diabetes on their absorption, metabolism, and eventual efficacy is important to consider. These factors must be understood in order to develop effective strategies that leverage bioactive phenolic compounds for the prevention of chron...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - November 14, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Redan, B. W., Buhman, K. K., Novotny, J. A., Ferruzzi, M. G. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Gut Microbiota in Obesity and Undernutrition
Malnutrition is the result of an inadequate balance between energy intake and energy expenditure that ultimately leads to either obesity or undernutrition. Several factors are associated with the onset and preservation of malnutrition. One of these factors is the gut microbiota, which has been recognized as an important pathophysiologic factor in the development and sustainment of malnutrition. However, to our knowledge, the extent to which the microbiota influences malnutrition has yet to be elucidated. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms via which the gut microbiota may influence energy homeostasis in relation to...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - November 14, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: de Clercq, N. C., Groen, A. K., Romijn, J. A., Nieuwdorp, M. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
A Systematic Examination of Food Intake and Adaptation to the Food Environment by Refugees Settled in the United States
This study examined refugee food intake pre- and postresettlement in the United States and differences in intake across various refugee groups. We systematically reviewed relevant studies that reported on refugee food intake and adaptation to the US food environment. We searched PubMed for literature published between January 1985 and April 2015, including cross-sectional and prospective studies. Eighteen studies met inclusion criteria. Limited research has been conducted, and most studies were based on small convenience samples. In general, refugees increased meat and egg consumption after resettling in the United States....
Source: Advances in Nutrition - November 14, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Wang, Y., Min, J., Harris, K., Khuri, J., Anderson, L. M. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Whole-Grain Intake and Mortality from All Causes, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies
No conclusive information is available about the relation between the consumption of whole grains and the risk of mortality. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to summarize the relation between whole-grain intake and risk of mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and total and specific cancers. A systematic search of the literature published earlier than March 2015 was conducted in Medline and PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library to identify relevant articles. Prospective cohort studies that examined the association of total whole-grain intake or specific whole-grain foods...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - November 14, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Benisi-Kohansal, S., Saneei, P., Salehi-Marzijarani, M., Larijani, B., Esmaillzadeh, A. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Comprehensive Review of the Impact of Dairy Foods and Dairy Fat on Cardiometabolic Risk
Because regular-fat dairy products are a major source of cholesterol-raising saturated fatty acids (SFAs), current US and Canadian dietary guidelines for cardiovascular health recommend the consumption of low-fat dairy products. Yet, numerous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have reported rather mixed effects of reduced- and regular-fat dairy consumption on blood lipid concentrations and on many other cardiometabolic disease risk factors, such as blood pressure and inflammation markers. Thus, the focus on low-fat dairy in current dietary guidelines is being challenged, creating confusion within health professional circl...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - November 14, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Drouin-Chartier, J.-P., Cote, J. A., Labonte, M.-E., Brassard, D., Tessier-Grenier, M., Desroches, S., Couture, P., Lamarche, B. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Systematic Review of the Association between Dairy Product Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular-Related Clinical Outcomes
The objective of this systematic review was to determine if dairy product consumption is detrimental, neutral, or beneficial to cardiovascular health and if the recommendation to consume reduced-fat as opposed to regular-fat dairy is evidence-based. A systematic review of meta-analyses of prospective population studies associating dairy consumption with cardiovascular disease (CVD), coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke, hypertension, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and type 2 diabetes (T2D) was conducted on the basis of the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. Quality of eviden...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - November 14, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Drouin-Chartier, J.-P., Brassard, D., Tessier-Grenier, M., Cote, J. A., Labonte, M.-E., Desroches, S., Couture, P., Lamarche, B. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Alignment of Healthy Dietary Patterns and Environmental Sustainability: A Systematic Review
To support food security for current and future generations, there is a need to understand the relation between sustainable diets and the health of a population. In recent years, a number of studies have investigated and compared different dietary patterns to better understand which foods and eating patterns have less of an environmental impact while meeting nutritional needs and promoting health. This systematic review (SR) of population-level dietary patterns and food sustainability extends and updates the SR that was conducted by the 2015 US Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee, an expert committee commissioned by the ...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - November 14, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Nelson, M. E., Hamm, M. W., Hu, F. B., Abrams, S. A., Griffin, T. S. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Perspective: NutriGrade: A Scoring System to Assess and Judge the Meta-Evidence of Randomized Controlled Trials and Cohort Studies in Nutrition Research
The objective of this study was to develop a scoring system (NutriGrade) to evaluate the quality of evidence of randomized controlled trial (RCT) and cohort study meta-analyses in nutrition research, building upon previous tools and expert recommendations. NutriGrade aims to assess the meta-evidence of an association or effect between different nutrition factors and outcomes, taking into account nutrition research–specific requirements not considered by other tools. In a pretest study, 6 randomly selected meta-analyses investigating diet–disease relations were evaluated with NutriGrade by 5 independent raters. ...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - November 14, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Schwingshackl, L., Knüppel, S., Schwedhelm, C., Hoffmann, G., Missbach, B., Stelmach-Mardas, M., Dietrich, S., Eichelmann, F., Kontopanteils, E., Iqbal, K., Aleksandrova, K., Lorkowski, S., Leitzmann, M. F., Kroke, A., Boeing, H. Tags: Perspectives Source Type: research
Perspective: The Case for an Evidence-Based Reference Interval for Serum Magnesium: The Time Has Come
We present herein data from an array of scientific studies to support the perspective that subclinical deficiencies in magnesium exist, that they contribute to several chronic diseases, and that adopting a revised serum magnesium reference interval would improve clinical care and public health. (Source: Advances in Nutrition)
Source: Advances in Nutrition - November 14, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Costello, R. B., Elin, R. J., Rosanoff, A., Wallace, T. C., Guerrero-Romero, F., Hruby, A., Lutsey, P. L., Nielsen, F. H., Rodriguez-Moran, M., Song, Y., Van Horn, L. V. Tags: Perspectives Source Type: research
