Preserving Healthy Muscle during Weight Loss
The objective of this review is to provide an overview of what is known about weight-loss–induced muscle loss and its implications for overall physical function (e.g., ability to lift items, walk, and climb stairs). The currently available data in the literature show the following: 1) compared with persons with normal weight, those with obesity have more muscle mass but poor muscle quality; 2) diet-induced weight loss reduces muscle mass without adversely affecting muscle strength; 3) weight loss improves global physical function, most likely because of reduced fat mass; 4) high protein intake helps preserve lean bod...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - May 15, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Cava, E., Yeat, N. C., Mittendorfer, B. Tags: Review from ASN EB 2016 Symposium Source Type: research
Associations between Breastfeeding and Maternal Responsiveness: A Systematic Review of the Literature
The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize the accumulating bodies of evidence aimed at understanding associations between mothers’ feeding experiences and responsive feeding in an attempt to clarify the nature of associations between feeding mode and responsive feeding. A literature search was conducted between January and October 2016; articles were collected from PsychINFO, Medline, and CINAHL, as well as from references in published research and reviews. Article inclusion criteria were as follows: 1) empirical research, 2) included a measure of infant feeding, 3) included a measure of maternal resp...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - May 15, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Ventura, A. K. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Mechanisms of Action of Probiotics and the Gastrointestinal Microbiota on Gut Motility and Constipation
Constipation is a common and burdensome gastrointestinal disorder that may result from altered gastrointestinal motility. The effect of probiotics on constipation has been increasingly investigated in both animal and human studies, showing promising results. However, there is still uncertainty regarding the mechanisms of action of probiotics on gut motility and constipation. Several factors are vital to normal gut motility, including immune and nervous system function, bile acid metabolism and mucus secretion, and the gastrointestinal microbiota and fermentation; an imbalance or dysfunction in any of these components may c...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - May 15, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Dimidi, E., Christodoulides, S., Scott, S. M., Whelan, K. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Dietary Factors Promoting Brown and Beige Fat Development and Thermogenesis
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a specialized fat tissue that has a high capacity to dissociate cellular respiration from ATP utilization, resulting in the release of stored energy as heat. Adult humans possess a substantial amount of BAT in the form of constitutively active brown fat or inducible beige fat. BAT activity in humans is inversely correlated with adiposity, blood glucose concentrations, and insulin sensitivity; this suggests that strategies aimed at BAT-mediated bioenergetics are an attractive therapeutic target in combating the continuing epidemic of obesity and diabetes. Despite advances in knowledge regarding...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - May 15, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Okla, M., Kim, J., Koehler, K., Chung, S. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Influence of Diet in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review
Nutrition is considered to be a possible factor in the pathogenesis of the neurological disease multiple sclerosis (MS). Nutrition intervention studies suggest that diet may be considered as a complementary treatment to control the progression of the disease; a systematic review of the literature on the influence of diet on MS was therefore conducted. The literature search was conducted by using Medlars Online International Literature (MEDLINE) via PubMed and Scopus. Forty-seven articles met the inclusion criteria. The reviewed articles assessed the relations between macro- and micronutrient intakes and MS incidence. The p...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - May 15, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Bagur, M. J., Murcia, M. A., Jimenez-Monreal, A. M., Tur, J. A., Bibiloni, M. M., Alonso, G. L., Martinez-Tome, M. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
A Systematic Review of Application and Effectiveness of mHealth Interventions for Obesity and Diabetes Treatment and Self-Management
This study comprehensively examined published mHealth intervention studies for obesity and diabetes treatment and management to assess their effectiveness and provide recommendations for future research. We systematically searched PubMed for mHealth-related studies on diabetes and obesity treatment and management published during 2000–2016. Relevant information was extracted and analyzed. Twenty-four studies met inclusion criteria and varied in terms of sample size, ethnicity, gender, and age of the participating patients and length of follow-up. The mHealth interventions were categorized into 3 types: mobile phone t...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - May 15, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Wang, Y., Xue, H., Huang, Y., Huang, L., Zhang, D. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
A Systematic Examination of the Association between Parental and Child Obesity across Countries
Childhood obesity has become a global epidemic. Parents can have an important influence on their children’s health behaviors and weight status. Many studies have examined the association between parental and childhood weight status. However, much heterogeneity between studies exists, and the parent-child (P-C) association in obesity has varied. The purpose of this systematic examination and meta-analysis was to examine the strength and variation of the P-C association in obesity and to identify factors (e.g., demographic characteristics and country’s economic level) that may influence this association. PubMed w...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - May 15, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Wang, Y., Min, J., Khuri, J., Li, M. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Flavones: Food Sources, Bioavailability, Metabolism, and Bioactivity
This article reviews the major sources of flavones and their concentrations in food and beverages, which vary widely between studies. It also covers the roles of flavones in plants, the influence of growing conditions on their concentrations, and their stability during food processing. The absorption and metabolism of flavones are also reviewed, in particular the intestinal absorption of both O- and C-glycosides. Pharmacokinetic studies in both animals and humans are described, comparing differences between species and the effects of glycosylation on bioavailability. Biological activity in animal models and human dietary i...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - May 15, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Hostetler, G. L., Ralston, R. A., Schwartz, S. J. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Perspective: A Historical and Scientific Perspective of Sugar and Its Relation with Obesity and Diabetes
Fructose-containing added sugars, such as sucrose and high-fructose corn syrup, have been experimentally, epidemiologically, and clinically shown to be involved in the current epidemics of obesity and diabetes. Here we track this history of intake of sugar as it relates to these epidemics. Key experimental studies that have identified mechanisms by which fructose causes obesity and diabetes are reviewed, as well as the evidence that the uricase mutation that occurred in the mid-Miocene in ancestral humans acted as a "thrifty gene" that increases our susceptibility for fructose-associated obesity today. We briefly review re...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - May 15, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Johnson, R. J., Sanchez-Lozada, L. G., Andrews, P., Lanaspa, M. A. Tags: Perspectives Source Type: research
Perspective: Gluten-Free Products for Patients with Celiac Disease Should Not Contain Trace Levels
(Source: Advances in Nutrition)
Source: Advances in Nutrition - May 15, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Makovicky, P., Makovicky, P., Lupan, I., Samasca, G., Sur, G., Freeman, H. J. Tags: Perspectives Source Type: research
Perspective: What Makes It So Difficult to Mitigate Worldwide Anemia Prevalence?
Anemia can be related to decreased production or increased loss of erythrocytes, or both, leading to many underlying and often overlapping causes. A largely cereal-based diet with plenty of phytates, polyphenols, and other ligands that inhibit intestinal iron absorption predominated in preindustrial Europe and predominates in present-day developing countries alike. In both situations, we find poor hygienic conditions, which frequently lead to anemia of inflammation. The large number of possible causes and their interaction shows why it is so difficult to mitigate anemia prevalence. Diagnostic biomarkers are required to dif...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - May 15, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Schümann, K., Solomons, N. W. Tags: Perspectives Source Type: research
Erratum for Schwingshackl et al. Perspective: NutriGrade: A Scoring System to Assess and Judge the Meta-Evidence of Randomized Controlled Trials and Cohort Studies in Nutrition Research. Adv Nutr 2016;7:994-1004.
(Source: Advances in Nutrition)
Source: Advances in Nutrition - March 14, 2017 Category: Nutrition Tags: Errata Source Type: research
Erratum for Hess et al. What Is a Snack, Why Do We Snack, and How Can We Choose Better Snacks? A Review of the Definitions of Snacking, Motivations to Snack, Contributions to Dietary Intake, and Recommendations for Improvement. Adv Nutr 2016;7:466-75.
(Source: Advances in Nutrition)
Source: Advances in Nutrition - March 14, 2017 Category: Nutrition Tags: Errata Source Type: research
Thiamin
(Source: Advances in Nutrition)
Source: Advances in Nutrition - March 14, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Kerns, J. C., Gutierrez, J. L. Tags: Nutrient Information Source Type: research
Nutritional Recommendations for Adult Bariatric Surgery Patients: Clinical Practice
Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective treatment for morbid obesity and its associated metabolic complications. To ensure long-term postoperative success, patients must be prepared to adopt comprehensive lifestyle changes. This review summarizes the current evidence and expert opinions with regard to nutritional care in the perioperative and long-term postoperative periods. A literature search was performed with the use of different lines of searches for narrative reviews. Nutritional recommendations are divided into 3 main sections: 1) presurgery nutritional evaluation and presurgery diet and supplementation; 2...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - March 14, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Sherf Dagan, S., Goldenshluger, A., Globus, I., Schweiger, C., Kessler, Y., Kowen Sandbank, G., Ben-Porat, T., Sinai, T. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
